What is the correct planting method of kidney beans?

? Kidney beans? General reference? Kidney beans (vegetables)? That is to say, vegetables are not only food, but also cakes and bean stuffing, which are important agricultural and sideline products to earn foreign exchange through export. The following are the kidney bean planting techniques I have compiled, I hope they are useful to you.

Environmental conditions of kidney bean planting technology

1, temperature: kidney beans are suitable for planting in temperate and tropical high altitude areas, which are relatively cold-resistant and avoid high temperature. Only when the temperature is below 5 degrees will it freeze, and the ground will die when it encounters frost. The growth and development need frost-free period 120 days or more, the optimum germination temperature is 20-25℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 18-20℃. Above 30 or below 15, pollination and fruiting are difficult. It is especially suitable for planting in mountainous areas of Yunnan Plateau.

2. Illumination: It is a self-pollinated, short-day crop and likes sunshine. The shorter the sunshine time, the more abundant the sunshine, and the earlier the kidney beans will bloom, pod and mature. On the contrary, the sunshine time is prolonged, the sunshine is insufficient, the flowering, pod setting and ripening time of kidney beans are delayed, and the branches and leaves are too long to bloom and pod.

3. Moisture: During the whole growth period, kidney beans need sufficient and even moisture, and the flowering and pod-setting period is the period when water is most needed. If there is water shortage at this time, it will have a great impact on output. In Yunnan and Guizhou, natural rainfall can usually meet the requirements without irrigation.

4. Soil: Kidney bean has a well-developed root system, which is suitable for planting in medium soil with deep soil layer and good drainage, but not suitable for sticky and poor drainage soil. Soil pH is neutral and slightly acidic.

technical characteristics

Bean is a warm-loving plant. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 ~ 25℃, and the suitable temperature for flowering and pod setting is 20 ~ 25℃. Low temperature below 10℃ or high temperature above 30℃ will affect the growth and normal pollination and pod setting. It is a short-day plant, but most varieties are not strict about the length of sunshine, and the cultivation season is mainly restricted by temperature. Cultivation in spring and summer in northwest and northeast China; Spring sowing and autumn sowing are carried out in North China, Yangtze River Basin and South China. Direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be used. The requirements for soil are not strict.

1. Grasp the best season and sow in time. Sowing can be done when the soil temperature is 10 degrees, usually in April-June. The sowing amount per mu is 6.5-8kg, and the required sowing depth is10-15cm.

2. Apply plantar fertilizer and topdressing in time. About 65,438+0,500 kg of agricultural fertilizer and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer (30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 65,438+00-65,438+05 kg of potash fertilizer) are applied as base fertilizer per mu. Top dressing is applied with compound fertilizer twice at the initial flowering stage and pod setting stage, each time per mu 10- 15 kg.

3. Reasonable close planting. Single-ridge or double-ridge high-moisture cultivation is required, with row spacing of 0.8- 1 m and plant spacing of 0.35-0.45 m. 2-3 seeds are sown in each pool, and each mu 1500-2200 pool. It can be purebred or interplanted with corn and potato (2: 1, 4: 1).

4. Installation and capping. The main stem is 30-40 cm high or erect when 5-6 true leaves appear, and the scaffold is more than 2 meters high; When the height of the plant is about 50 cm, remove the technical head. By removing new branches for many times, the plants form short clumps, reduce the height, and increase the number of flowers and pods.

5. Timely control diseases and pests (Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, virus disease, aphid, stem borer, red spider, mung bean weevil).

Kidney bean is a kind of herb with creeping stems, broad oval leaflets, white, yellow or purple flowers, long pods and nearly spherical seeds. The alias is also called kidney bean, mung bean and sword bean.

Kidney beans are rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acids, vitamins and crude fiber. Has the effects of warming middle warmer, lowering qi, benefiting stomach and intestines, tonifying kidney and invigorating primordial qi.

Because kidney beans are nutritious, they are suitable for all ages. However, it should be noted that you should not eat raw or semi-cooked kidney beans, mainly because fresh kidney beans contain saponins and cell lectins. Saponins are stored in the epidermis of pods, and cell lectins are stored in beans, which are easy to be poisoned after eating, leading to dizziness, vomiting and even death.

Species of kidney beans (1) creeping species

Vines are 2-3 meters long, with few branches, late maturity, long harvest period of 40-50 days, high yield and good quality. These varieties are:

1 and Fengshou 1 (Thai white-seeded soybean) have strong growth potential and branching ability. The pod is flat, 20-25 cm long, light green, thick, less fiber and not easy to age. The seeds are white. Strong disease resistance, early maturity, high yield, concentrated harvest time, and can be cultivated in spring and autumn.

2. Kidney bean 12 has high yield, good quality, sweet taste, less fiber, storage and transportation resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, wide adaptability, strong growth, medium branching, light green pod length 18cm, middle and late maturity, and the whole growth period is 90- 120 days.

3. White beans are widely planted in East China, Central China and Southwest China. The plant has 3-4 branches, early maturity, white flowers, light green pods with a length of10-14cm, thick and tender pods and white seeds. Suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn, and can't be made except fresh food.

4. Black-seeded mung beans are widely planted in Nanjing, Changzhou and Hubei. It has 3-4 branches, purple, nearly round pods and black seeds. Stems and leaves are stout, resistant to wind, disease and heat. It is suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn, and ripens later than white-seeded green beans. Mainly used for the supply of fresh vegetables. Not suitable for processing.

There are many cultivated varieties in Guangdong and Guangxi. Strong branching, white flowers, nearly round pods, slightly curved, 7- 12 cm long, green, yellow-brown seeds. Late maturity, cold resistance, strong rust resistance, excellent quality and storage and transportation resistance. Suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn.

6. Generally (a little red) oil beans are creeping, with strong growth potential and many branches at the base. Medium maturity, 65 days from sowing to harvest. Tender, beautiful and flat stripes, good commodity, purple stripes at the tip of bright spots. The average pod length is 20cm, the width is 2. 1cm, and the weight is 25 g. It is a typical high-quality bean, and the noodles are fleshy and fiber-free. It is particularly resistant to storage and transportation and has a long service life. After picking, the shelf life of the goods can reach 15 days, and the loss during storage and transportation is small. Therefore, it is suitable for planting in various regions, and realizes "transporting southern vegetables to the north" and "transporting northern vegetables to the south". Strong resistance and wide adaptability, and can be widely used in various planting methods. High and stable yield, generally 2000 kilograms of tender pods per mu.

(2) Dwarf species

The plant is erect, the main branches usually bloom after 4-8 days, the plant height is 35-60 cm, the growth period is short, and it is early. The harvest period is relatively concentrated, the supply period is only more than 20 days, and the output is low.

1, the plant height of the donor is 40 cm, the growth potential is strong, the branches are many, the tender pods are green, round and rod-shaped, the pod length is 12- 14 cm, the pod is thick and brittle, the fiber is few, the quality is good, and the seeds are purple. Harvest 50 days after spring sowing. Cold and disease resistance. Suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn.