What do sheep eat? Feed formula for fattening sheep

What is a good body shape for fattening sheep? This mainly refers to what kind of feed can ensure the high feed-meat ratio of sheep, that is to say, in order to improve the needs of sheep growth and finally realize the advantage of feed supply. What kind of feed do experts say is good for sheep? The best feed is cultivated according to the right time and the right technology. It mainly includes the following points:

With the implementation of the policy of closing hillsides and forbidding grazing in Pengyang County, house-feeding breeding has become an important measure to ensure the achievements of returning farmland to forests, improve the economic benefits of aquaculture and promote rural economic development. In order to popularize the technology of keeping sheep in houses, we have formulated this technical regulation. This regulation is divided into two parts: lamb fattening technology and adult sheep fattening technology, which is applicable to all sheep professional households or mutton sheep fattening farms. The straw granulator and straw briquetting machine produced and sold by Futong New Energy are good choices for pressing sheep pellet feed.

1, lamb fattening technology in the same year

Fattening lambs in that year was an effective measure to improve mutton production and sheep raising benefits. It means that the lambs raised in that year are fed in the house after weaning and slaughtered in a short time with better forage, which can not only improve the fattening speed and slaughter rate, but also ensure the supply of high-quality fresh meat.

Varieties adapted to 1. 1

1. 1. 1 Cultivate local self-propagating and self-supporting native sheep lambs, small-tailed Han sheep lambs or small-tailed Han sheep, Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, Suffolk sheep, Dorset sheep and local sheep to produce hybrid male lambs and eliminate female lambs.

1. 1.2 Shelf lambs come from male lambs bred in the same year and a few eliminated female lambs, usually weaned lambs aged 5-6 months. In order to speed up the production of mutton sheep, lambs fed early and weaned early (3-4 months old) can also be used as fattening shelf lambs under the condition of meeting their nutritional needs.

1. 1.3 The fattening time and ideal fattening time of lambs in the fattening period are spring and autumn, but it should also be arranged according to the age of lambs and market demand. The fattening period of lambs in that year is generally 60 ~ 90 days. In order to make lambs adapt to the new environment and habits before fattening, there should be a transition period of 7- 10 days before fattening.

1.2 the ration of fattening lambs in house and feeding standard.

The feed type of 1.2. 1 has a large amount of concentrate in the fattening stage of lambs, so the concentrate-based diet can be adopted and a small amount of straw can be given to ensure the intake of crude fiber. This type of diet is suitable for short-term (50-60 days) intensive fattening. Corn silage can also be used as the main diet, which is suitable for lambs with fattening period of more than 80 days. The fattening effect of mixed feed is better than that of corn alone. When preparing the diet, trace elements and salts of 1% should be added to the mixture, and then antibiotics should be added. The daily feeding amount of each lamb should be15-30mg.

1.2.2 lamb fattening in feeding standard at present, feeding standard for mutton sheep has not been formulated in China, and feeding standard for mutton sheep and wool sheep in the former Soviet Union has been used for reference (table 1). With the increase of lamb weight, the energy and protein level were adjusted every 15 days.

1.3 fattening technology of lambs in house

1.3. 1 During fattening, the first thing to pay attention to is that forage must be cut short or processed into grass powder. Concentrate must be crushed and thoroughly mixed to prevent sheep from being picky about food. Second, in a fattening period, don't change the feed suddenly every time, and change it gradually after 2-3 days.

1.3.2 The first feeding method is to mix forage and add a little water to make wet feed, and feed it three times a day. Second, feed the forage separately, and feed the concentrate directly with a little water to get wet. Feed the grass first, twice a day and three times a day.

1.3.3 The feeding amount is fattened in the whole house, with sufficient forage and free intake. Concentrate gradually increases with the extension of fattening period, with an average of 300 -400 grams per animal per day. Feed a few times less, finish feeding every day, and clean up the residual grass and materials in the tank in time to prevent deterioration.

1.3.4 drinking water 1 sufficient and clean drinking water should be given every morning and afternoon. You can also set up a sink in the sports ground to ensure uninterrupted fresh and clean well water or tap water, so that sheep can drink freely.

1.3.5 supplementary feeding method of salt According to the weight change of sheep, salt is supplemented quantitatively. For sheep weighing 20, 30 and 40 kg, each sheep should be supplemented with 6, 8 and 99 per day. In addition, it is also possible to add 1 kg of salt to each 100 kg of feed according to the feed formula, and feed after fully mixing with the feed.

1.4 example of fattening feed formula for lambs in shed

1) alfalfa hay 30%, green hay 20%, corn 30%, bran 10%, soybean (fried) 10%.

2) Green hay 20%, alfalfa hay 30%, corn 20%, bran 15%, pea 10% and oil cake 5%.

3) alfalfa hay 25%, green hay 25%, corn 20%, bran 9%, soybean (fried) 5%, rice bran 6% and oil cake 10%.

In the above three formulations, 3 kg of bone meal and 200-400 g of livestock growth hormone are added to each 100 kg mixture.

4)33.2% corn, 1 1% bran, 1 1% oil cake, 22% alfalfa powder, 22% yellow radish and 0.8% salt.

5) Formula of compound feed: corn 83%, oil cake 15%, limestone 1.4%, salt 0.5%, trace elements and vitamins 0. 1%,

6) Mixed concentrate formula: 50% corn, 15% bran, 15% barley (naked oats) and 20% oil cake.

7) Mixed concentrate formula: 60% corn, 10% bran, 15% barley (naked oats) and 15% oil cake.

8) Ammonification (micro-storage): 40%-55% of straw, 25%-35% of alfalfa powder, 0/5% of corn straw powder/kloc-,5% of oil cake and 5% of corn.

9)50% corn, 15% oil cake and 35% bran, and hay can be eaten freely.

10) corn 45% ~ 50%, bran 20% ~ 30%, cake l0% ~ 20%, bone meal 1% ~ 1.5%, salt 1%, sodium bicarbonate/kloc-0.

2. Fattening technology of adult sheep (eliminated sheep)

As a mutton sheep, it is generally fattened for a period of time before slaughter or slaughter, thus improving the live weight and slaughter rate. Adult sheep include sheep over one year old, as well as male and female sheep that have lost their reproductive ability or are ready to be eliminated.

2. 1 source, fattening season and fattening period of adult sheep

2. 1. 1 The first source of adult sheep is that rural sheep farmers practice self-propagation and self-support, not only raising and breeding ewes, but also providing shelf sheep or eliminated ewes from their own flocks for fattening. Second, fattening in different places, buying eliminated ewes or adult goats from distant pastoral areas or mountainous areas and establishing special fattening farms for fattening.

2. 1.2 The best fattening season for adult sheep is spring and autumn. At this time, the climatic conditions are suitable and the forage conditions are good, which is conducive to fattening. Summer and winter are not conducive to sheep fattening, but they can also be fattened after taking heatstroke prevention and warmth preservation facilities. The greenhouse sheep shed now popularized in Pengyang County is to fatten sheep in winter with high cost but high economic benefit.

2. 1.3 The fattening period of adult sheep in house is usually 75 ~ 100 days, and the shortest is 60 days. The fattening period is too short, the fattening effect is not obvious, and the reward of too long sheep feed is reduced, and the fattening effect is not good.

2. 1.4 Selection of adult sheep The ewe or goat eliminated from the market or flock should have a good mouth, be fed normally and have no obvious diseases. Before gaining weight, drugs were used to drive away parasites in the body. For lean sheep, just take stomach-invigorating drugs to promote appetite and increase food intake.

2.2 Adult sheep house feeding fattening technology

2.2. 1 The main forage materials needed for fattening and weight gain of adult sheep are: crop straw, agricultural and sideline products, sun-dried leaves, artificially planted forage grass, wild forage grass, seedlings of potato crops, etc. And silage, micro-storage, enzyme storage, yellow storage, ammoniation and other processing forage. These are good roughage for fattening sheep. General roughage should account for 60% of the diet. Concentrated feed mainly includes corn, naked oats, grains and beans. After mixing, it should account for more than 35% of the ration for house feeding or more than 40% of the ration for fattening.

2.2.2 Processing and modulation methods of concentrate and roughage Crop straws and agricultural and sideline products should be chopped or made into grass powder. Sun-dried leaves and potato seedlings are good feed for fattening in winter. High-quality pasture planted artificially should be directly applied in summer and dried in winter. Wheat leather and corn stalk can be treated by ammoniation, micro-storage and enzyme storage to increase palatability and feed intake. Dry corn straw is relatively hard and can be processed into straw powder, which can be well eaten and utilized by sheep. Note: Straw powder can not be processed too finely, which is not conducive to rumination of sheep and is easy to cause forestomach disease; The feed intake rate of roughage decreases, and it is best to make straw powder with a length of 10- 12 mm and a width of L-3 mm. Corn silage with ears or green corn yellow is a good feed for fattening mutton sheep, but it should be noted that it must be cut into 2-4 cm to facilitate sheep to eat. Concentrated feed is preferably mixed feed, which requires a certain particle size during processing and should not be processed into powder. In particular, the grain does not need to be broken, and its fattening effect is better than that of broken grain. Corn kernels can also be directly soaked and fed, and its fattening effect is also good.

2.2.3 Feeding method of adult sheep: Feed 2-3 times a day, feed first and then drink. Straw coarse feed is mixed with concentrated feed after processing and modulation, and a small amount of water is added for mixed feeding, while hay can be eaten freely. Generally drink water after 1 hour, 2-3 times a day.

2.2.4 Feeding amount of adult sheep With the extension of fattening period, the feeding amount of forage decreased gradually, while the feeding amount of concentrate increased gradually. It can be divided into three stages: before fattening, during fattening and after fattening. Feed roughage freely for the first 20- 25 days, and concentrate is 0.4 kg/day. In the middle of 20-25 days, the intake of roughage decreased appropriately, while the intake of concentrate increased to 0.6 kg/day. In the last 20 days, the intake of roughage was less, while the intake of concentrate increased to 0.8 kg/day. During the whole fattening period, the feeding amount of roughage is 2-2.5 kg/day, and the average feeding amount is above 0.5 kg/day.

2.3 fattening and weight gain technology of adult mutton sheep in the house

2.3. 1 Application of additives Mineral additives can shorten the fattening period, save feed and achieve good economic benefits. In addition to bone meal, stone meal and salt, trace element additives and vitamins A, D and E should also be supplemented, and 10- 15g should be added evenly to the mixed concentrate for feeding.

2.3.2 The application of rumen hormone can improve the daily gain and feed conversion rate during the fattening period, and feed it in the form of mixed feed additives and concentrated feed, with 25-30rng added to each kilogram of concentrated feed.

2.3.3 Utilization of Urea Urea can provide non-protein nitrogen, save protein of oil cake, reduce feeding cost and increase daily gain. The urea supplement of sheep should be 2% of the dry matter of diet (forage); It can also be fed at 0.02% ~ 0.05% of body weight, and each adult sheep is 10- 15g per day. The feeding method is to add urea to the batch or mixed concentrate, but never dissolve urea in water for sheep to drink, so as not to cause urea poisoning.

2.3.4 Application of Buffer Substances During the fattening period of adult sheephouses, if the amount of green (yellow) corn or concentrate with high acidity is too large, it will easily change the rumen environment and even cause gastric acidosis. Buffering substances such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium hydroxide. CaC(b, Mg0, etc., accounting for 1%-3% of mixed feed, can be evenly mixed with concentrated feed to reduce the occurrence of digestive tract diseases. Improving the palatability of diet and increasing feed intake are beneficial to improve daily gain.

2.4 Formula example of fattening concentrate for adult sheep house feeding

1) corn flour 2 1.5%, grass powder 2 1.5%, bean cake 2 1.5%, corn kernels 17%, peanut cake 10.4% and bran 6.

2) Corn flour 26%, wheat bran 7%, cottonseed cake 7%, distiller's grains (dry) 48%, grass powder 10%, salt 1%, urea 0.6% and trace element additive 0.4%, and mix them evenly.

3) Mix corn flour 58.3%, alfalfa powder 2 1.5%, peanut cake1.8%, bran 6.9%, salt 1.0% and urea 0.5% evenly.

4) Mix 60% corn, 9.5q0 bean cake, 10% flax cake, 20% bran and 0.5% bone meal evenly.

5) Corn 85.8q0, cottonseed cake 12%, salt 0.6%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.4%, calcium carbonate 0.6q0, trace elements and vitamins 0.6% are evenly mixed.

6) Mix 60% corn, 10% bran, 15% barley, 5% bean cake and 10% cottonseed cake evenly.

7) Mix 45% corn, 20% flax cake, 16% bran, 10% naked oats, 8% beans and 1% bone meal evenly.

8) Corn 45%-50%, wheat bran 20%-30%, oil cake 10%-20%, bone meal 1%-0.5%, salt1%,feed enzyme and bicarbonate 0./.