What disease was malaria in ancient times?

Question 1: The situation of malaria in ancient times. Our people have known malaria for a long time, and the word "malaria" was recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions as early as. Infectious diseases are recorded in ancient medical books in the most detailed way, and malaria is the first one. As early as Su Wen, there were monographs on malaria and spiny malaria, and the etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and acupuncture treatment of malaria were systematically and detailedly discussed. It is clearly recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic that Changshan has the efficacy of treating malaria. "synopsis of the golden chamber"? " "Treating malaria by combining pulse and syndrome" uses Shu Qi to treat malaria, and supplements the disease of malaria mother on the basis of Neijing. Its anti-malaria white tiger plus Guizhi decoction and anti-malaria mother turtle shell decoction are still in use today. "Elbow backup emergency? "The prescription for treating cold-heat malaria first put forward the name of malaria, and Artemisia annua was first used to treat malaria." About the pathogen and stage of the disease? Plasmodium vivax malaria clearly puts forward the name of the disease syndrome of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and supplements the fatigue malaria syndrome in fatigue malaria. Qian Jin Fang Yao is not only based on Changshan and Shu Qi, but also uses verbena to treat malaria. "Three causes and one disease syndrome theory? The book "Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria" points out the characteristics of epidemic malaria: "At the age of one year, the age is similar, or when infected, it becomes cold and hot, which is called epidemic malaria." The treatment of the cause of pulse condition? "Malaria puts forward the concept of infection. The Essentials of Syndrome Differentiation distinguishes malaria from other diseases that show cold and heat. " Zheng Zhi resurrected? Malaria records the susceptibility and immunity to malaria and the differences between the north and the south. Jing yue quan Shu? Malaria further confirms that malaria is caused by sensory malaria, not by phlegm and food. "Is the pulse caused by symptoms treated?" The general theory of malaria comprehensively discusses the symptoms and pathogenesis of malaria, and malaria that occurs every two days is called three-day malaria. On Malaria refers to three-day malaria as three-negative malaria, and points out that it is characterized by long onset time, relatively mild illness and "no cause of sudden death".

Question 2: Emperor Kangxi, who had malaria in ancient China, got malaria in 1693. Because of the rebellion of the imperial court against San Francisco, the Eight Banners soldiers went deep into the malaria area in the south. When they came back, they brought back plasmodium, first mosquitoes in Beijing, and then to Beijing. Even the emperor who lived in the Forbidden City was not spared. ..

Question 3: In ancient times, was malaria difficult to treat? Not to mention ancient times, even in modern times, the mortality rate of malaria is very high. Later, Tu Youyou extracted artemisinin, which saved millions of lives in underdeveloped countries.

Question 4: How was malaria treated in ancient China? In TCM, malaria is divided into five types: pathogenic stagnation with less yang, internal stagnation of summer heat, internal accumulation of summer heat and dampness, invasion of epidemic virus, lack of positive energy and aversion to evil, and different treatment methods are adopted according to different types.

1. Pathogenic depression and shaoyang

The chills are strong and the fever subsides, sometimes sweating stops, accompanied by headache, redness, nausea and vomiting, and bitter taste. The tongue coating is thin and white or yellow and greasy, and the pulse is string or numbered.

[Treatment] Reconciliation of shaoyang, elimination of pathogenic factors and interception of malaria.

[Prescription] Xiaochaihu Decoction: Bupleurum 12g, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 12g, Pinellia ternata 12g, Changshan (stir-fried with wine) 7g, Amomum tsaoko 7g, licorice 7g, ginger 3g and jujube 3g. For those who show aversion to cold or even less sweating, add 7 grams of Ramulus Cinnamomi, Notopterygii Rhizoma and Radix Saposhnikoviae each; For people with severe thirst, add 2 grams of Radix Puerariae, Dendrobium, Trichosanthis Radix/kloc-0, and 7 grams of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Rhizoma Atractylodis and Cortex Magnolia Officinalis.

2. Depression in summer heat

How hot and how cold, or not. Less sweating, headache, joint pain, thirst, alcoholism. The tongue is red with yellow fur and has several strings.

[Treatment] Clearing away heat and toxic materials, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production.

[Prescription] Baihujia Guizhi Decoction: gypsum 35g (first decocted), Anemarrhena asphodeloides 12g, licorice 35g, japonica rice 35g, cassia twig 12g. If you have a fever and don't catch a cold, accompanied by chest tightness and shortness of breath, use white tiger ginseng chicken soup, ginseng 16 g, and the course of the disease will be long, the vaginal fluid will be greatly deficient and the tip of the tongue will be red and dry. Add Artemisia annua turtle shell soup: turtle shell 25 g (fried first), Artemisia annua 12 g, Radix Rehmanniae 16 g and Cortex Moutan 12.

3. Connotation of summer heat and humidity

Cold is more than hot, or cold is not hot. Headache is dull, mouth is not thirsty, chest and hypochondriac fullness, mental fatigue, white or greasy tongue coating, and tight pulse.

[Treatment] Warming the heart and diarrhea, dispelling cold and removing dampness.

[Prescription] Chaihu Guizhi Decoction: Chaihu 12g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 7g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 7g, Scutellariae Radix 12g, Toosendan Fructus 16g, Oyster 16g, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis 7g. For those with white and greasy fur, 7g of Amomum tsaoko and 65438+ of Magnolia officinalis can be added. For those who have severe aversion to cold or spit a lot, 7 grams of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and 0/2 grams of Rhizoma Pinelliae/kloc-are added.

4. Epidemic virus attack

Acute onset, serious illness and different types of fever.

(1) fever: fever is very cold, or intense cold, headache, red face, drinking cold drinks, even delirium, convulsions, red tongue with little crimson fur and black dirt, and rapid pulse.

[Treatment] Liquid for removing filth, clearing heat and protecting body fluid.

[Prescription] Qingyitang: Scutellariae Radix 12g, Coptidis Rhizoma 7g, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g, Bupleurum Radix 12g, Changshan 7g, Artemisia annua 12g, Pinellia ternata 12g, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 12g, Poria. Gypsum 35g, Folium Isatidis 16g, Radix Rehmanniae 12g, Radix Scrophulariae 16g, Dendrobium nobile 12g, Polygonatum odoratum 16g, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 12g, and Natrii Sulfas 65438 were added to dry stool.

(2) Cold: The cold is very hot or slightly cold, but it is not hot, thirsty, vomiting and diarrhea, or fainting, with white greasy tongue coating and thready pulse.

[Treatment] Aroma turns turbid, eliminating filth and regulating qi.

[Prescription] Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Powder: Rhizoma Atractylodis 10g, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis 12g, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 12g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g, Xiang Lei 12g, Rhizoma Pinelliae 12g, Eupatorium fortunei 12g, and Folium Nelumbinis. If phlegm covers your eyes and you are unconscious, use Suhexiang Pills.

5. Love between righteousness and emptiness and evil

When it comes to work, it will happen again and again, and it will be hot and cold. There are tumors under the hypochondriac ribs, mental fatigue, sallow and emaciated, lazy and short of breath, spontaneous sweating and palpitations. The tongue is pale, with little coating and weak pulse.

[Treatment] Supplementing qi and nourishing blood and harmonizing camp and health.

[Prescription] Heren Drink: Ginseng 16 g, Angelica sinensis 12 g, Polygonum Multiflori Radix 25 g, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 12 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 7 g, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis 6 g. If there is a mass under the hypochondrium, it can be used together with turtle shell Wan Jian.

Question 5: Ask for a detailed history of malaria in China. Malaria, also called wagging tail, got the following answer on Baidu: "wagging tail" is a common name of malaria, which has a history of hundreds of years in China. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was infected with this disease in the winter of 1692, and he only recovered after eating the Cinchona cream brought by the missionary, which shows the seriousness of this disease. Before 1949, due to the limitation of scientific and technological development, people didn't know why they got the disease, especially the phenomenon of cold as falling ice and hot as fire, and they couldn't understand the periodicity and timing of the disease. Modern medical technology tells us that malaria is an infectious parasitic disease spread by plasmodium through the bite of female Anopheles sinensis. Plasmodium enters the human body and parasitizes in the liver and red blood cells, growing and developing on hemoglobin. When plasmodium inflates red blood cells, the human body will be cold first and then hot. The onset cycle of human cold and heat is consistent with the proliferation cycle of plasmodium and Schistosoma japonicum in red blood cells. If there is no proper drug treatment, the virus will enter a new round of reproductive cycle, causing the patient's cold and heat attack again. Before 1949, Xiangfan had been in the era of small-scale peasant economy. People have no medical knowledge in this field, and under the influence of superstition and awe, malaria is demonized. At that time, Xiangfan, the economy was ruined and people's livelihood withered. A dime a dozen of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees make people's lives difficult. To make matters worse, wars and floods have aggravated the deterioration of living and healthy environment. Cholera, smallpox, malaria and other malignant infectious diseases are rampant, and each outbreak will cause tens of thousands of deaths. According to the Records of Baokang County, from 1940 to 194 1 year, plague was prevalent in Baokang County, and more than 20,000 people died in the county, accounting for 20% of the total population. The people are really struggling on the line of life and death. Among infectious diseases, malaria is the most harmful. In the shadow of the plague of death, people live a miserable life. According to some old people's memories, malaria broke out after the flood in Xiangfan in 1935, when tens of thousands of refugees were displaced and slept on the streets. Because the water source is polluted and mosquitoes multiply in large numbers, almost no one in cities and rural areas does not make a fuss. At that time, the specific medicine for malaria was more expensive than gold. Most patients either pray to God and worship Buddha, or "ginger soup, quilt and bask in the sun". It is shocking that countless refugees fall dead in the street every day. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), * * * resolutely declared war on malaria to solve people's sufferings. 1950, Xiangyang at all levels publicized health knowledge to the masses through slides, broadcasts and exhibitions. 1952 Xiangyang specialized agency set up a patriotic health leading group, conscientiously implemented the policy of "facing workers, peasants and soldiers, giving priority to prevention, combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, and combining health work with mass movements", and launched a health campaign to eliminate "five evils" in the whole region. In the same year, Xiangyang District opened 1 1 general hospitals at or above the county level, 75 town clinics and 174 joint clinics. 1956 launched a summer sanitation campaign, and disinfected sewage pits and ponds with 666 powder and 223 solution every half month. With the gradual improvement of primary health organizations and the continuous development of mass health campaigns, falciparum malaria disappeared in Xiangfan in the late 1960s. 1974, the dormant period treatment was carried out in Xiangyang area, and the whole people took preventive medicine to prevent malaria. So far, malaria has not been widespread. Thirty-five years later, malaria, a demon that has been rampant in Xiangfan for hundreds of years, is finally getting farther and farther away from the people of Xiangfan. Looking back on the course of fighting malaria in Xiangfan, we should not forget the health and epidemic prevention workers who have been fighting malaria for many years. They have protected the health and happiness of Xiangfan people with persistent efforts, noble medical ethics and exquisite technology. We should pay high tribute to them. Reference website: xfrb.hj/Read.asp? NewsID = 1323 14

Question 6: What diseases were there in ancient times? Cold (cold), typhoid fever (wound infection), sore (skin swelling and ulceration), plague (infectious diseases caused by some highly pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses). )

Question 7: What diseases were there in ancient plagues? smallpox

cholera

pestis

epidemic

leprosy

Question 8: When did the ancients discover that Artemisia annua can cure malaria in Tu Youyou? Tu Youyou, a female pharmacist in China, developed artemisinin by learning from the ancient method of treating malaria with Artemisia annua, and won the 20 15 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which attracted people's attention to traditional Chinese herbal medicines. In fact, as early as the pre-Qin period, the ancients had begun to look for ways to deal with malaria. Malaria is called "swinging" by the people, and the writing of malaria in Oracle bone inscriptions is like a tiger pouncing on people with its mouth open. China's earliest medical classic Huangdi Neijing? In Suwen, there are 10 diseases classified as "malaria", such as wind malaria, warm malaria and cold malaria. The second prescription of Gehong elbow emergency prescription in Eastern Jin Dynasty is Artemisia annua, which is used to treat malaria. ...

When did the ancients start to know about malaria?

The theory of malaria has been listed in Huangdi Neijing from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Malaria is called "swinging" by the people. China's earliest medical classic Huangdi Neijing? Su Wen has already talked about malaria and listed an article on malaria: "The Yellow Emperor asked: Malaria is born in the wind, so why is it sometimes covered?" Huangdi Neijing was written in the name of Huangdi, the ancestor of Chinese humanities, and it will be written no later than Qin and Han Dynasties. It can be seen that malaria appeared in the pre-Qin period.

Malaria was first introduced into China from the south, and the pre-Qin people had roughly found out the incidence of malaria. "Zhou Li? The article "The Doctor of Disease" in Tianguan said: "There are malaria and typhoid fever in autumn. "At that time, all the' sick doctors' responsible for the prevention and control of the national epidemic situation should master the epidemic law of seasonal epidemics and carry out targeted prevention and control. The ancients also summarized the different types of malaria. For example, in Suwen, there are more than ten diseases classified as "malaria", including wind malaria, warm malaria and cold malaria. Its symptoms are: "Malaria starts at the hair, but it doesn't stretch, with cold bloating, back pain, cold retreating into internal heat and splitting headache" and "every day". These summaries of malaria in traditional Chinese medicine are completely consistent with modern medical observation.

The ancients also studied the causes of diseases. For example, in Suwen, the Yellow Emperor asked Qi Bo, the most prestigious doctor in ancient times: Why did malaria attack every other day? Zeebe replied: "Its qi is deep, thinner than Yin, and Yang is independent, and Yin is evil. Yin and Yang can't compete, so it goes on in the day." Qi Bo thinks it is caused by imbalance of Yin and Yang. Although this theory lacks scientificity, its spirit of inquiry is worthy of recognition.

The ancients also believed that malaria was directly related to climate change. Book of rites? The Moon Order says that if summer comes in spring, there will be many diseases and epidemics, which means that if the temperature in spring is high, there will be many epidemics that year. Modern medicine has proved that when the temperature is high in spring, there will be more mosquitoes and flies, and diseases such as malaria transmitted by mosquitoes will naturally occur frequently; Similarly, if the temperature in autumn is high and autumn is called "summer vacation", malaria will also break out.

Why is malaria written in Oracle bone inscriptions?

Why is malaria written in Oracle bone inscriptions?

Liu Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty thought that malaria was "like a cruel abuser" when explaining its name.

About how malaria is caused, ancient doctors still have a view that malaria is caused by miasma, so it is also called miasma. There is a sentence in the article "Nineteen Prescriptions of Mountain Malaria", a secret recipe of Tang Waitai: "In case of emergency, malaria is divided into two parts, which are actually the same. Either cool first and then heat, or heat first and then cool. The rate in Lingnan is called malaria, and the total number in Jiangbei is malaria, which is different from dialect. But the south is warm and toxic, and this disease is particularly serious. As it belongs to, it is slightly four: one mountain stream poison gas, two wind-warming phlegm drinks, three ghost sores and four heat poisons. Among them, heat poison is the heaviest. "

Among the infectious diseases in ancient times, leprosy was the most terrible and fierce infectious disease in the eyes of the ancients. Early ancients directly wrote malaria as miasma or malaria. It is called "multi-person abuse" in the monthly order. The word "malaria" changed from "malaria" to "abuse" precisely because "abuse" is too serious. The word "abuse" is the head of a tiger, written in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. From the glyph, it looks like a tiger with its mouth open and pouncing on people. The meaning is clear: malaria is an infectious disease as fierce as a tiger. East Liu Xi in his "Shi Ming? When explaining "malaria" in "Interpretation of Diseases", he said: "Malaria is cruel. Every disease has cold or heat, and this disease is cold first and then hot, which seems cruel. "

There were many miasmas in ancient Lingnan and Sichuan-Guangxi areas, so these areas were also the hardest hit areas of malaria. According to the article "Lujiang River" in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was miasma on both sides of Lujiang River, which died in March and April. In the past, there was a folk song in Yunnan that said: "When the smoke started in May and June, all the new guests died; September and October are full of smog.

Question 9: What were the infectious diseases in ancient China, such as plague, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery and tuberculosis?

Smallpox is not. Vaccination in ancient China was to prevent smallpox.