Teaching plan of "chewing words" in senior one Chinese.

"Chewing words" is generally interpreted as: over-considering words (blindly choosing words and not understanding the spiritual essence). The author gives this idiom a new meaning, that is, "be careful with your words."

The author advocates "speaking like a book" and thinks that language and writing are closely related to thoughts and feelings. The quality of writing should be distinguished from the thoughts and feelings it expresses and the artistic conception it expresses. The application of writing should start with thoroughness, conciseness and innovation of thoughts and feelings.

Second, the author introduces.

Zhu Guangqian (1897- 1986) is a famous aesthetician, literary theorist and translator in China. Pen name Meng Shi, from Tongcheng County, Anhui Province. One of the pioneers and founders of modern aesthetics in China. He is proficient in Chinese and western. Aesthetics has become an independent science in modern times. Wang Guowei, Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun and Zhou Yang have made outstanding contributions to the development of modern aesthetics in China. But until the 1930s, aesthetics had not become an independent discipline. At this time, Zhu Guangqian's monographs such as Psychology of Literature and Art, Talking about Beauty and Poetics are of pioneering significance. Zhu Guangqian is also one of the pioneers of modern comparative aesthetics and comparative literature in China.

Poetics was written before returning to China in 1933, and it is a model of China's comparative aesthetics. China's classical poetry is interpreted by western poetics, and the famous western poetics is confirmed by China's poetics, which is elegant and beautiful. Zhu Guangqian believes: "In my past writing, if there is anything independent of myself, it is still poetics. "On Poetry" makes some scientific analysis on the meter of China's poetry and why China's poetry later embarked on the road of meter poetry. " In addition, his Psychology of Literature and Art is also a classic of blending Chinese and Western cultures.

The History of Western Aesthetics is Zhu Guangqian's most important work and the first work of China scholars. It has groundbreaking academic value and represents the level of China's study of western aesthetic thoughts. The translation of Hegel's aesthetics won him a high reputation. A large number of his translations paved the way for China's aesthetic research and literary theory research. After returning to China, he taught in Peking University, Sichuan University and Wuhan University. After liberation, he has been a professor in Peking University.

Zhu Guangqian believes in the "three noes", that is, this body, this time and this place. "What this body should do and can do, you must take it away from this body, and don't push the responsibility to others." "What should and can be done at this time must be done at this time and cannot be put off until the future." "What should and can be done here (my position, my environment) must be done here, not shirked to another imaginary position." This is the embodiment of Zhu Guangqian's academic spirit, focusing on the present and down-to-earth.

His motto is: "Do the cause of joining the WTO with the spirit of being born".

Other works: Twelve letters to young people, notes on beauty, aesthetic collections, and essays on art and literature.

Third, text analysis.

The full text of Chewing Words consists of 8 paragraphs, with 1-7 as the main body and the first part. The eighth paragraph shows the main idea of the article and is the second part of the article.

The first part can be divided into two layers. Paragraph 1-5 on the first floor shows that words are closely related to thoughts and feelings.

This layer can be divided into three levels, and three groups of typical examples are cited to illustrate the meaning of the three layers from three aspects. The first layer is the first paragraph and the second paragraph. At the beginning of the article, Guo Moruo listened to an actor's suggestion and said, "You are a spineless scholar!" Change it to "You spineless scholar!" Through this example, I studied the truth of refining Chinese characters. The sentence pattern that explains "what are you" is "without emotional judgment", while the sentence pattern of "what are you" is "expressing strong feelings". In order to prove that different sentence patterns can have different meanings, Mr. Zhu Guangqian not only made a theoretical analysis, but also listed the sentence patterns of "you this what" used by Shi Xiu and Yang Xiong to express extreme hatred in Water Margin.

Then it enumerates the sentence pattern of "what are you" used in Yan Ming's scolding of Jin Rong in A Dream of Red Mansions, and further clarifies that "under any circumstances, the grammar of" you are "will not be more powerful than that of" you are ". It is inappropriate for Guo Moruo to change "you are a revolutionary" into "you are a revolutionary". These three examples are both typical and vivid. Explaining different sentence patterns should adapt to the requirements of different language environments. It is logical to analyze grammar and sentence patterns with powerful examples.

The second level, the third and fourth paragraphs, lists the examples of Li Guang's killing tigers in historical records. The Historical Records was originally wonderful, but Wang Ruoxu said that there were "more than three stone figures" in the Historical Records, and he deleted three stone figures, one of which was "Taste the tiger in the grass, shoot it, look at it and see the stone". Mr. Zhu Guangqian pointed out that "it seems simpler on the surface", but it has lost its originality ". Mr. Zhu told people that the "increase" or "decrease" of words requires people to "play carefully" before they can feel their different meanings.

In the third level, there are five paragraphs, which list the stories of "examining" the poems of Han Yu and Jia Dao, great poets in the Tang Dynasty. This paper takes a new approach, makes full use of association and imagination, and rationally analyzes the different influences of "pushing" and "knocking" on the artistic conception of the whole poem. Whether Jia Dao thought of "pushing" or "knocking" at that time, it was the externalization of his thoughts and feelings. Therefore, for some people, Mr. Zhu Guangqian's "thinking that changing one or two words is only to make the words smoother or more beautiful" really means "not understanding the close relationship between words and thoughts and feelings at all", and "thinking about words is actually thinking about feelings".

At this level, the author starts from the surface of words and expressions, and the change of sentence patterns, the addition and deletion of words and the choice of words all drive the author's thoughts and feelings behind the visible language phenomena. There is no other way to reflect the temper of the author's (or reader's) ideological core from the temper of language appearance than to chew over words. It emphasizes the necessity of speaking like a book.

On the second level, in paragraphs 6-7, the author aims to answer the importance of speaking like a book.

From the analysis of word meaning, it is difficult to "determine" and "control". Of course, "determination" is the foundation, "control" is the difficulty and the purpose. If you want to control the meaning of words, you must understand the "direct meaning" and "associative meaning" of the article. The direct meaning is easy to use, but the associative meaning is difficult to use. Because associative meaning permeates the author's personality. Mr Zhu Guangqian's Different Understanding of "Smoke". Three or four sentences in Su Dongpo's Huishan Boiled Xiaolong Group clarify the significance of capturing association. Grasping this "free", uncontrollable "even fragmented" monster really requires the author's efforts, and at the same time it must have relevant background knowledge: for example, "Xiaolong Group" tea leads to the association of "Tianlong Group in the sky". It can be seen that association is difficult, but "the difficulty lies in ambiguity." Click and activate the difficulty, "This is the feeling of turning the stone into gold".

In the seventh paragraph after the sixth paragraph, Su Shi is good at association and can turn stone into gold. However, the reality is that "habit always takes pleasure in being familiar with the road", and the terrible thing is that "if one person walks, everyone will follow, and it will become smoother and more vulgar", which has fallen into Lenovo's rhetoric and led to the embarrassing situation of "deck stock reaction".

The author pointedly pointed out: "An author can't use words without a' fixed response'." Then it may be "in the layout of thinking, even in the whole attitude towards life." This terrible reality is not sensational. If you choose an article from a newspaper or magazine or a letter's manifesto to analyze, most of the rigid thoughts, feelings and languages that are "labor-saving" and "inert" are "reflected by a set of boards".

How to get rid of this problem? Mr. Zhu Guangqian warned that as long as "you refuse to use vulgar language, you will naturally refuse to use vulgar thoughts and feelings, you will think deeply when you encounter difficulties, and your article will still be truly' written' and will not fall to the bottom."

The eighth paragraph of the second part further points out that "the spirit of caution should be used in writing" and encourages readers to "gradually cultivate the good habits necessary for creation and appreciation" in reading and writing-"Only by doing three noes can we gradually achieve artistic perfection", which naturally explains the main purpose of the full text.

Fourth, small exercises

Zheng Gu's poems in zhou yuan, Miracle, have the conception of Zita Law's early Mei poems, and there is a poem cloud in front of a village. Several branches were opened last night, and none of them were early. Miracle didn't know it, so he naturally worshipped it, and Zheng Gu took it as his teacher's word.

(1) Punctuate the original text.

(2) How many characters are there in this article? This person's name is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(3) The title of this poem is: _ _ _ _ _ _

(4) The revised poem is: _ _ _ _ _ _

Reference answer

(1) Zheng Gu is in Yuanzhou, and Miracle brought a poem. There is a poem in "Morning Plum": "In the village before Zita Law, how many flowers bloomed last night." Gu Yun: "It's not too early, but it's not like one." Miracle didn't want to bow. Naturally, scholars regard Zheng Gu as a "Ci master".

2 words. Zheng Gu, Miracle

③ Early plum

In the former deep Xue Cun, a branch was opened last night.