Geographical knowledge points of grade seven in Guangdong Education Edition

It is not difficult to master all the knowledge and knowledge in the world. As long as you keep learning, try to master the rules and get familiar with the situation, you can master it and use it freely. Learning requires perseverance. The following are some knowledge points of seventh grade geography that I have compiled for you, hoping to help you.

The geographical focus of the first volume of the first day of junior high school must recite knowledge points

Chapter 1: Earth and Map

1. The country that owns windmills is the Netherlands.

2. The traditional costumes of Arabs are mostly white robes and headscarves. The reason for wearing this dress is to reflect sunlight and resist wind and sand.

There are four basic directions in the ground plane: East (E), West (W), South (S) and North (N). On this basis, there are eight directions: southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest and * * *.

4. On the map without direction signs, the direction should be determined according to the directions of going up north, down south, left west and right east.

5. Scale = distance on the map: actual distance.

6. The scale is divided into numerical scale, line scale and text scale.

7. The larger the scale, the smaller the scope and the more detailed the content; The smaller the scale, the larger the scope and the less the content.

8. The three elements of a map are scale, direction, annotation and legend.

9. Ways to collect geographic information: ① Consult a geographic dictionary; (2) consulting relevant personnel; (3) Internet access to information, etc.

Chapter II: Land and Sea

1 After measurement, the earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly protruding equator.

2. In the past, there were two views on the shape of the earth, namely, the theory of "covering the sky" and the theory of "muddy the sky".

Magellan traveled around the world. The route is Spain → strait of magellan → Pacific Ocean → Philippine Islands → Indian Ocean → Cape of Good Hope → Spain.

4. The surface area of the earth is 565438+ 1 100 million square kilometers; The radius is 637 1 km; The circumference of the equator is 40 thousand kilometers.

5. The rotation direction of the earth is from west to east, and it rotates counterclockwise when viewed from the North Pole; Seen from above the South Pole, it rotates clockwise.

6. The equator and the circle parallel to the equator are called latitudes.

7. The latitude of the equator is 0, the north of the equator is called north latitude, the south is called south latitude, and the north latitude and south latitude are 90 respectively.

8. The North Pole and the South Pole are located at 90 degrees north latitude and 90 degrees south latitude respectively.

9. It is stipulated that 0 ~ 30 is a low latitude region, 30 ~ 60 is a middle latitude region, and 60 ~ 90 is a high latitude region.

10. The dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres is the equator.

1 1. The arc connecting the South Pole and the North Pole and perpendicular to the latitude is called the meridian.

12. The starting point of longitude is the prime meridian, that is, the 0 meridian, and the degree of east-west longitude is 180.

13. The dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres is 20 degrees west longitude and 160 degrees east longitude. ..

14. There are seven continents in the world, namely Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania. The jingles of seven continents (from big to small) are: Asia, Africa, North America and South America; Antarctic European Ocean.

15. Antarctica is the continent with the longest longitude span.

16. The dividing line between continents: Asia and Europe: Urals, ural river, Caucasus, Turkish Strait (connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea), Black Sea and Caspian Sea; Asia and Africa: Suez Canal (connecting the Mediterranean and the Red Sea); Asia and North America: Bering Strait; South America and North America: Panama Canal (connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean).

17. The Pacific Ocean spans the northern and southern hemispheres, accounting for about half of the world's total ocean area. It is the deepest ocean among the four oceans and the ocean with the most islands.

18. The Atlantic Ocean is the second ocean in the world, spanning the northern and southern hemispheres, with a slight "S" shape. Most of the Indian Ocean is located in the southern hemisphere and is the third ocean in the world.

Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of geography in senior one

Chapter V Development and Cooperation

1, country and region

At present, there are over 200 countries and regions in the world.

(2) Region: Some colonies and territories that have not yet gained independence. For example, Greenland in North America is a dependency of Denmark, a European country.

(3) Classification

① In terms of area: big country and small country.

② In terms of population: populous countries (such as China and India) and small countries (such as Nauru, an island country in Oceania).

③ From the political system: socialist countries and capitalist countries.

(4) Russia, a country in the world: 654.38+07.07 million square kilometers; The smallest country, Vatican: 0.44 square kilometers;

China, the most populous country in the world.

5] Important concepts

(1) National boundary: the boundary on the map between a country and its neighbors or the high seas;

② Basis for dividing national language boundaries: natural boundaries (mountains, rivers, lakes and seas), mathematical boundaries (latitude and longitude lines) and humanistic boundaries (nationalities, languages and religions).

(3) Territory: the territory, territorial waters and airspace within the national boundaries.

④ China territory: 9.6 million square kilometers (land)+3 million square kilometers (sea).

2. Developed and developing countries

⑴ Division basis: economic development level.

② Distribution:

① Developed countries: There are more than 20 developed countries in the world, mainly distributed in Europe, North America and Oceania.

② Developing countries: * * more than 150, mainly distributed in Asia, Africa and Latin America; China belongs to a developing country.

(3) Most developed countries are located in the northern hemisphere, which is called "Northern Hemisphere"; Most developing countries are located in the southern hemisphere, the so-called "South".

North-South Dialogue: Political and economic negotiations between developing countries and developed countries.

② South-South cooperation: mutual assistance and cooperation among developing countries.

(4) The rapidly developing economies of developing countries: Indian software industry, China aerospace industry and nuclear industry.

3. International cooperation

(1) Economic ties: Developed countries need to buy raw materials and sell products in developing countries; Developing countries need to introduce capital, equipment, advanced production technology and management experience from developed countries.

World theme-peace and development: international political and economic cooperation.

(3) Important international organizations

① United Nations: an international organization in the world, established in 1945 and headquartered in new york, USA, whose basic purpose is to "promote national development and safeguard world peace", is composed of five permanent members, namely China, Britain, the United States, Russia and France, and 10 non-permanent members. The current UN Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon from South Korea.

② World Trade Organization: abbreviated as WTO in English, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, whose main functions are to "reduce trade restrictions between countries and regions, control and reduce tariffs, and promote the development of international trade". China joined the WTO in 2006.

Learning methods of geography in grade one.

Listen carefully in class. Most of the geography in the seventh grade needs to be understood, and it will be much easier to remember after understanding. So listening in class is the key. Some people think that geography is the liberal arts and the main backrest. If you memorize it, you will get good grades. Actually, it's not. Much depends on understanding. Only by understanding can we get twice the result with half the effort.

Positive thinking, focusing on understanding. There are many places to understand in seventh grade geography. You can't memorize most knowledge. Even if the knowledge points are remembered, they will not be used in practical exercises, so we must think more and pay attention to understanding.

Pay attention to summing up the law of induction. A lot of junior high school geography knowledge is regular, such as climate type and population distribution. If we sum up the rules, learning and memorizing will be easy.

Comparative memory of the same and similar knowledge points. There are many similarities between geographical things and many laws. Therefore, it will be easy for us to find similarities and similarities and compare them for memory and learning.

Pay attention to the importance of maps. There is a lot of knowledge in geography that can't be learned and memorized only by words. Looking at pictures is more important than reading words. Don't forget that maps are a basic tool for learning geography.

Read the textbook 10- 15 minutes every day. Geographical knowledge is complex and there are many knowledge points, so we must review it in time. Keep reading textbooks for about 15 minutes every day, and long-term persistence will have good results.

Competition law. Collect the knowledge of current geography textbooks, sort out the answers, judge the questions and determine the score of each question. Then divide the class into several groups. Choose a moderator from the class to read the questions and announce the correct answers. Determine another student's statistical score. After the competition, the winning team will be selected and given spiritual and material rewards, and several people with profound geographical knowledge can also be selected. Through this form, students' enthusiasm will be high, they will do a lot of preparatory work in advance, and they will also change passivity into initiative to review a lot of knowledge.

Drawing method. By drawing geographic information map, students can actively understand relevant knowledge, and then draw the map accurately. In the group exchange show. Introduce and explain the geographical knowledge involved in your drawing to your classmates, which will leave a deeper knowledge image for the lecturer himself. It will also leave clear knowledge clues in the brain.

Contrast method. Compare the climate characteristics and terrain characteristics of different countries, and deepen understanding and memory in comparison. You can even sort out the comparison results in the form of tables.

Induction. Summarize countries or regions with the same characteristics to reduce the amount of repeated understanding and memory of knowledge. It is also conducive to cultivating students' geographical concentrated thinking and helping students find more effective learning skills.

Articles related to geographical knowledge points in Grade 7 of Guangdong Education Edition;

★ General review materials of geography in the first volume of the seventh grade of Guangdong Education Edition.

★ Knowledge points in Chapter 4 of Grade 7 Geography of Guangdong Education Edition

★ Guangdong Education Edition Grade Seven Geography Volume II Review Outline

★ Outline of geography review in the second volume of Grade 7 of Guangdong Education Edition.

★ Guangdong Education Edition junior high school geography review outline

★ The shape and size of the geographical earth in the first day of Guangdong Education Edition.

★ The geography final examination paper of the seventh grade of Guangdong Education Edition.

★ The first volume of the first day of junior high school Guangdong Education Edition geography teaching plan

★ Seven-grade geography volume one world climate type exercise test paper and knowledge points.

★ The geography teaching plan of Guangdong Education Edition in the first day of junior high school.