The real situation of the battle of Changjin Lake

The real situation of the battle of Changjin Lake

The real situation of the Battle of Changjin Lake. In the history of our army, the Battle of Changjin Lake was a battle to change the course of the war in a cold place. It was a contest between "steel warriors" and "steel troops" and created a record of destroying a regiment of the US military. The real situation of the battle of Changjin Lake.

The real situation of the Battle of Changjin Lake 1 During the National Day, the film "Battle of Changjin Lake" was released, which reappeared the scene of the bloody battle of Changjin Lake in the second battle to resist US aggression and aid Korea more than 70 years ago.

This battle, which is as famous as the Battle of Shangganling, stands several monuments in the military history of New China: Yang Gensi, the first super-class fighting hero in New China, shed blood on Xiaogaoling 1075438+0. 1 highland in the southeast of Changjin Lake; Three volunteer "ice sculpture companies" were frozen along the way to prevent the American troops from fleeing south, and remained in battle formation and posture until the sacrifice; For the first time in the history of our army, the battle example of establishing an organizational system to annihilate the US military strengthening regiment took place in the emerging battlefield of Changjin Lake. ...

The battle of Changjin Lake, which lasted for 28 days, was recognized as one of the most cruel battles in the history of human war. After this battle, the "United Nations Army" never set foot on the 38th parallel again, and the direction of the war completely changed.

The Battle of Changjin Lake is one of the most important battles in the "War of Founding the People's Republic of China" in New China, the casting ground of the spirit of New China, and an important turning point of the world situation in the early Cold War. This magnificent history deserves our further understanding of the whole picture, and the heroic style of the volunteers deserves our eternal memory.

▲ Screenshot of the documentary "Ice Blood Changjin Lake". Figure /CCTV-6 movie channel screenshot

Why did the ambition of "Wolf of American Imperialism Ambition" come into being?

The United States mentioned the post-war sovereignty of the Korean Peninsula at the 1943 Tehran meeting.

At that time, American President Roosevelt told Stalin: "North Korea does not have the ability to exercise and maintain an independent government. They should be under guardianship for at least 40 years. " It was decided at the meeting that the United States, Britain and China would "give freedom and independence to North Korea at an appropriate time".

By 1945, in order to urge the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan, the United States made concessions to the Soviet Union at the Yalta Conference, agreeing that the United States, Britain, China and the Soviet Union would jointly manage Korea after the war.

However, shortly after the end of World War II, the Cold War followed. With the establishment of 1949 New China, the United States believed that the strategic value of the Korean Peninsula was prominent and began to actively intervene in Korean Peninsula affairs. Truman confessed in his memoirs: "From the original intention of the United States, the United States finally occupied all Korea alone."

1950 After the Korean War broke out on June 25th, the United States set up the "United Nations Army" to intervene in Korean affairs on June 27th, and sent the 7th Fleet of the United States Navy to invade the Taiwan Province Strait in China. Earlier, the United States had decided to withdraw its troops from Taiwan Province Island, leaving only one lieutenant colonel as the highest-ranking military attache. The 24th Army Division of the US Army entered Korea, becoming the first US ground force to participate in the Korean War. William Fischel Dean, the division commander, was later captured and spent three years in a Sino-Korean prison camp.

When the United States launched military operations in North Korea, it kept an eye on China's movements. In this case, Chinese people's Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River on1October 19. "Resist US aggression and aid Korea, defend our country and defend our country" is not a political rhetoric, but a realistic security challenge faced by new China at that time.

▲ Screenshot of the documentary "Ice Blood Changjin Lake". Figure /CCTV-6 movie channel screenshot

The battle of Changjin Lake was deployed in the first stage of the campaign.

The battle of Changjin Lake took place in 1950,165438+1October 26th-65438+February 65438+March.

After crossing the Yalu River, Chinese people's Volunteer Army completed the first battle on1October 6 165438, and annihilated 15000 people. The 1, 6th and 8th divisions of the South Korean Army are almost equal in number to the 1 divisions of the American cavalry against the volunteers. However, the enemy was quickly defeated and panicked. They felt that there were North Korean soldiers everywhere, and decided that China's army was adopting a "sea of people tactics".

In fact, China's army, which has just experienced the war of liberation, is at the peak of China's military history, both in fighting will and tactical accomplishment. In the Korean battlefield where it is difficult to launch large-scale corps operations, V-shaped encirclement is usually deployed, and 300-500 troops launch a charge.

MacArthur misjudged the situation and decided that China could only send six divisions at most, which was backward in equipment and could not resist the attack of the "United Nations Army". Therefore, it was decided to start from165438+1October 9, and the east and west lines would go hand in hand to complete the general attack before Christmas.

165438+1When the second campaign was launched on October 25th, the "United Nations Army" had about 400,000 people, 1000 more than 300 warships. However, only one day after the second campaign was launched, the right wing of the "United Nations Army" under the responsibility of three divisions of the South Korean Army collapsed. The "United Nations Army" was forced to retreat completely.

On the retreat route of the "United Nations Army", bloody battles broke out everywhere, among which the battle of SongGu Feng was written by the famous writer Wei Wei as "Who is the cutest person".

On the front line of Changjin Lake, the main force of the volunteers who blocked the enemy was the Ninth Corps. Previously, the Ninth Corps had been preparing for the liberation of Taiwan Province Island, and the officers and men were all dressed in light clothing.

In previous years, the climate in Changjin Lake area was not cold from 165438+ 10 to 65438+early February, usually at minus 3 degrees Celsius to minus 5 degrees Celsius.

However, due to the influence of Siberian cold wave on 1950, the temperature suddenly dropped below MINUS 30 degrees Celsius after the Ninth Corps arrived at the ambush position around125. Although the ninth corps received a large number of cotton-padded clothes, it was not enough to resist the cold wave. Against the ninth legion was the first division of the United States Army.

In fact, as early as 10/65438+before the end of the first stage of the campaign on October 5, Peng was called and ordered an army of the Song Corps (the ninth corps commanded by Song) to go straight to Changjin to look for opportunities to annihilate the enemy.

The magnificent battle of Changjin Lake began here.

The campaign was mainly carried out in Li Xinxing, Liutanli on the east and west sides of Changjin Lake and Xiajie in the south, which was the center of American troops' southward withdrawal and acquisition of materials. In the eastern highlands outside, there is a company commander from China, who is Yang Gensi. A company led by Yang Gensi had only three potatoes, and the other pockets of the soldiers were full of grenades. Under the indiscriminate bombing of American planes and artillery, Yang Gensi repelled the American army eight times, and finally defeated it with explosives.

In the emerging world, the "polar bear regiment" of the seventh division of the US Army, which has never lost, was completely annihilated.

When the remnants of the American army broke through the summer quarrel and entered the ancient land, there were about 6.5438+0.4 million people. This distance is 18 km, and it took the US military 38 hours, of which only 500 meters can be advanced per hour, with an average of 34 casualties per kilometer. America's most elite marine cavalry division was wiped out. American soldiers never mention "going home at Christmas" again.

China volunteers also made great sacrifices. In addition to the heroes who died heroically, a large number of soldiers were frozen to death and frostbite, and only two of the three "ice sculpture companies" survived.

▲ Screenshot of the documentary "Ice Blood Changjin Lake". Figure /CCTV-6 movie channel screenshot

How did the battle of Changjin Lake change the historical trend?

The Battle of Changjin Lake is an all-round battle between the soldiers of New China and the United Nations Army led by the United States.

This campaign has washed away the humiliation of China army since 1840 and won the respect of new China soldiers in the world. American and British military historians believe that the ambush, discipline and fighting spirit of China soldiers are miracles in contemporary war history.

Some battles in the battle of Changjin Lake have been included in military textbooks of some countries. American veterans who participated in the Battle of Changjin Lake later said that if they met China veterans, they would definitely hug each other. This is the respect between veterans.

The battle of Changjin Lake opened the door for the new China to enter the international stage, forcing the western countries led by the United States and their allies to face up to the new China for the first time.

The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, represented by the Battle of Changjin Lake and the Battle of Shangganling, made the new China appear to the world as a big country for the first time, and strategically ensured that the homeland security of the new China was no longer coveted.

The battle of Changjin Lake left a rich spiritual legacy for future generations. The decadent atmosphere accumulated for hundreds of years has been swept away, and a new mental outlook has been injected into the hearts of hundreds of millions of people in new China, laying a spiritual foundation for the all-round rise of China today. Dealing with realistic challenges with the spirit of martyrs is an important reason for us to commemorate and cherish the memory of volunteers martyrs more than 70 years later.

The real situation of the battle of Changjin Lake 2 During the National Day, cinemas all over the country were really popular with several main melody movies. According to the cat's eye list, as of June 6 18, the box office of the new National Day movie has exceeded 4 billion yuan. Although there is only the last day of the National Day holiday, the film market is still hot.

Among them, the battle of Changjin Lake undoubtedly won the top spot and contributed nearly 3 billion box office. In the seven days since the release of The Battle of Changjin Lake, the daily box office, comprehensive box office, box office proportion, film arrangement proportion, movie attendance and attendance rate all ranked first in the same period. Breaking the record of 65,438+065,438+0, such as the single-day box office record of China film history National Day file, the box office record of China film history National Day file, and the box office record of China film history war film opening day. Jason Wu's work has exceeded 20 billion at the box office, making him the second filmmaker in the China film market with 20 billion starring at the box office, and Shen Teng is the first.

Another theme film, My Father and I, was released for 7 days, and the box office quickly exceeded 654.38+0 billion yuan.

From the theme point of view, the battle of Changjin Lake really has a very special significance, which can be regarded as the first commercial blockbuster in domestic movies to show the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in a panoramic way. For the first time, the story of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was clearly explained on the big screen: how the US military landed in Incheon, how China made the important decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and how volunteers assembled to fight in the DPRK ... There were relatively comprehensive and clear explanations at the macro and micro levels.

In the history of our army's war, the battle of Changjin Lake was a battle to change the course of the war in a cold place, and it was a contest between "steel warriors" and "steel troops", which set a record for destroying a regiment of the American army.

The mountains and rivers are safe, and the soul of the army is immortal. How can we understand the cruelty of this battle? Understanding the ins and outs of the war and the political contest behind it is the basis of objective evaluation. Let's feel the real battle of Changjin Lake through an article written by Sun Yuan in the Chronicle of Jinghua Daily, and at the same time remember the spirit of Changjin Lake and pay tribute to the great Chinese people's Volunteer Army.

Emergency entry into North Korea

Changjin Lake, the largest lake in North Korea, is surrounded by mountains, and a Y-shaped narrow path is the only access.

1 950165438+1On October 23rd, the US Marine Corps1Division, which was advancing towards the Yalu River, camped on the roadside to celebrate the traditional Thanksgiving Day in the West. MacArthur, the proud commander of the "United Nations Army", threatened to end the war before Thanksgiving.

The United States Marine Corps 1 Division, as the pioneer of 10 troops, is a trump card. In the eyes of Americans, all the 25,000 people are invincible. However, there are still some people in the world who dare to touch the tiger's ass. 1 950101on October 24th, the chairman called Song back to Beijing, and clearly put forward the specific goal of the 9th Corps' entry into the DPRK-to eliminate the US Marine Corps1division.

Song Shilun, commander and political commissar of the Ninth Corps, is a fifth-stage student of Huangpu Military Academy. He shaves his head, loves spicy food, can drink hard liquor and has a particularly hot temper. He is the star of every battle.

The troops he brought to North Korea had three reinforcements: the 20th, 26th and 27th. Before entering North Korea, they were already gearing up on the southeast coast to recover Taiwan Province Province.

After receiving Chairman Mao's urgent telegram, the 9th Corps 12 Division and15,000 men, with a full set of weapons and equipment, went north for more than 2,000 kilometers and successfully completed this large-scale long-distance maneuver. 165438+1On October 7, he began to cross the Yalu River from Ji 'an and Linjiang and secretly entered North Korea.

It's now or never, but everything is in a hurry. A nervous telegram completely disrupted the plan to go to the northeast to train and change clothes, and then choose the opportunity to enter the DPRK.

The 20th Army sent a senior staff officer of the General Staff to stop the train when it entered Shanhaiguan, and read out the order of the Central Military Commission to "enter the DPRK urgently". More than a dozen trains only stopped in Shenyang for a while and then continued to rush in.

In the first week of entering the DPRK, they encountered a cold current that North Korea has not seen in 50 years-those soldiers who just came from the south immediately felt the cold of -20℃ when they first saw the snow.

In this battle, our military logistics can only meet the needs of one division, but the 9 th Corps has 12 division. The most embarrassing thing about the resumption of this campaign is not whether we should fight or not, but that the logistics support could have been better.

"The wood is moving"

Even though the mountains were high and the snow was deep, our army entered the battlefield unnoticed.

165438+1On October 27th, heavy snow fell and the temperature dropped to -30℃. In the morning, the American troops on the eastern front attacked first, but they were not sure where their opponents were. At dusk, it's the volunteers' turn to blow the horn. The surviving American troops shuddered at the memory of that horrible night: the harsh horn sounded suddenly, signal flares rose all over the sky, accompanied by the "rustling" sound from all directions (it was later learned that it was the sound of volunteers stepping on the snow), and countless soldiers wearing white cloth roared and rushed to themselves.

The plain in front of us was covered with snow. As soon as the bugle sounded, the soldiers jumped out of their hiding places, their legs were frozen and they ran like "the wood was moving". Tanks, artillery and machine guns shot at them together. They fell like logs in rows and came up like logs in rows behind them.

After a night of bloody fighting, Smith was dismayed to find that 100 thousand magic soldiers from the sky had separated the American army from north to south on a 40-mile-long mountain road.

It is easier to surround volunteers than to annihilate them. The besieged American army immediately used more than 200 tanks to form a circular defense line in three besieged areas. The volunteers lack heavy weapons and can only attack the enemy's "iron barrel array" with rifles and machine guns. The sacrifices paid are unimaginable.

From the evening of165438+1October 30th, the 27th Army concentrated two divisions to storm Li Xinxing from four directions, broke through artillery and tank positions without considering casualties, and started street fighting with the US military.

Without the support of artillery fire, the American army is no match for the volunteers at all. When the soldiers rushed into a command post, they didn't know that they had annihilated the 3 1 regiment of the 7 th Division of the United States-the polar bear regiment. 3 19 1 regiment was wiped out by our army, and the head of the regiment, McLean, was killed. Firth, who took over as the head of the regiment, was seriously injured and died in the water, and the league flag was also confiscated.

This is the only time that the volunteers wiped out the regiment-level American troops on the Korean battlefield. In war, the panic of ace troops can always shock the enemy politically. 1 After the Marine Division suffered heavy losses, no one in the world dared to despise this "peasant army" any more.

In fact, this battle is purgatory for both sides. Many volunteer soldiers are extremely hungry, tired and unconscious with cold, still dragging their frozen legs and stubbornly pursuing the mechanized American army. On the battlefield, there are even more than 10 volunteers and infantry, but they chase thousands of American troops with tanks and cars.

In order to avoid the flight of American troops, the 20th Army launched a large-scale attack on Xiajieyu as early as June 28th, 165438+, but the circular fortifications here were extremely strong. After a night of fierce fighting, we just captured the highland east of lower bound valley. Guarding this highland is a platoon of the 58th Division, and Yang Gensi, a combat hero and company commander of the 20th Army, personally led the team to the position.

All eight counterattacks by the US troops were repelled, leaving only Yang Gensi, a platoon leader and a wounded soldier on the highland. Yang Gensi ordered the platoon leader and the wounded to take off from the highlands with the only heavy machine gun, and he carried the explosive charge himself. When more than 40 American troops rushed up, Yang Gensi suddenly stood up from the pile of dead bodies, lit the fuse and rushed to the soldiers holding the Marine Corps flag.

Waiwanshuimen bridge

The road from Liutanli to Xiajieyu has become a hunting ground for the Chinese and American armed forces. It took the US military three days to complete 22 kilometers, with casualties exceeding 1500. On the fiercest day of the fighting, the American troops only retreated 500 meters all day. It took another 38 hours for the US military to retreat from the lower corner to the ancient land 18 km away. The most mechanized troops in the world walk an average of 500 meters per hour, with 34 casualties per kilometer.

When retreating from the ancient land, the total number of American troops was only 1.4 million, but all kinds of vehicles were as high as 1.4 million. Song had to use the old magic weapon of the Eighth Route Army: breaking the bridge and breaking the road. The last obstacle for American troops to flee south is the Watergate Bridge. The bridge spans 8.8 meters, with cliffs at both ends and no roads around it. After crossing the Watergate Bridge, there is an endless plain in the south. By then, the "iron feet" of the volunteers will never catch up with the wheels of the US military.

Knowing the importance of the Watergate Bridge, the US military sent a tank battalion and 40 tanks lined up to guard the bridge. The volunteers bombed the bridge twice, both of which were repaired by the US military. After the third bombing, a deputy division commander of the 60th Division personally visited the cliff. According to the people's understanding of science, technology and industry in China, the conclusion is that it is impossible for the American army to rebuild the bridge here in half a year.

At this time, the 88th Division of the 26th Army, with heavy equipment, is close to the battlefield, and is about to launch a more violent attack on 1 Marine Division. Song thinks that a cooked duck can't fly even if it has wings.

When the US military was almost desperate, Lieutenant Colonel partridge, the commander of the engineering battalion, put forward a bold idea: ask the headquarters to airdrop the bridge components before building the bridge. Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries made eight sets of M-2 steel wooden bridge overnight, and eight C- 1 19 transport planes were parachuted directly into the narrow annular position of the US military, six of which were intact after landing.

After a day's intense construction, the engineering troops set up a steel bridge with a load of 50 tons on the cliff, which can pass through various types of tanks and vehicles. On the evening of February 8, the 1 marine division, which lost more than 10,000 people, crossed the Watergate Bridge and fled to Nanxing Port.

It's incredible that the company lying in ambush on the high ground by the bridge didn't fire a shot. Zhang Yixiang, commander of the 20th Army, sent someone to overlook the position of the Watergate Bridge. I saw soldiers in the snow pit one after another, walking on the road with guns, and none of them retreated. Approaching the soldiers, they remained motionless-frozen into ice sculptures.

In the battle of Changjin Lake, "ice sculpture companies" appeared in many places. On February 8, 65438, Song Xiangpeng and Chairman reported the casualties: "After nearly half a month of fierce fighting, the Ninth Corps was extremely tired, especially the frostbite and attrition were very serious. ..... The 6th Company of the 3rd Battalion of the 239th Regiment of the 80th Division was suppressed by the enemy's fire when attacking the enemy in Li Xinxing, and fell on the ice. When I finally cleaned the battlefield, I found that more than 200 cadres and soldiers in the whole company were in battle formation, all of them froze to death in the position, and the bodies were carefully examined without any scars and blood. "

When Chairman Mao turned off the clock, it was already late in Beijing. The staff around him recalled that he stood silently for a long time and was depressed. He went to the hospital alone and took off his hat to the east.

"Too much natural gas" triumphed over "too much steel"

1950 65438+American troops withdrew on February 24th. 1 The marine division regards the battle of Changjin Lake as a proud capital. The US military awarded 17 Medal of Honor and 70 Navy Cross medals for the Battle of Changjin Lake, which was the largest number of medals awarded in the history of the US military.

1September, 952, the 9th Corps returned from Korea to the Yalu River. Facing the direction of Changjin Lake, Song Shilun stood in silence for a long time, then took off his hat and bent down, unable to control himself.

After the war resumed, people realized that 1950 was the coldest winter on record in North Korea. The night when the soldiers ambushed in the highlands next to the Watergate Bridge, the temperature was as low as -54℃. Only then did people know that the firepower of the warring sides was very different: a division of the US army had 432 howitzers and cannons, while a division of our army only had 12 mountain guns; American teachers have 1600 radio stations, and my army has dozens of radio stations; An American army owns 7,000 cars, while the 27th Army entered the DPRK with only 45 cars. The American army has a lingering fear of the grenades of the volunteers. In fact, grenades are the only heavy weapons of many volunteers.

Under this gap, it is difficult to find a similar "war paradigm" to win the war. When summing up the bloody battle in Changjin Lake, there is a saying that "too much gas" defeated "too much steel". What does this mean? "Qi" and "Qi" are the spirit of China soldiers! "Steelier" and "steel" refer to the steel weapons and equipment of the US military.

After the war, the United States announced that the loss of 10 Army was killed 1029, with 4,894 missing, 4,582 injured and 7,338 non-combat casualties, totaling17,843, accounting for one fifth of the total number of 10 Army. The number of casualties in the 9th Corps of Volunteers was 2 1.300, and there were 28,954 non-combatants, totaling about 50,254, accounting for one third of the total number of the 9th Corps. It can be said that both sides have paid a huge price.

Looking back 70 years later, the sacrifice in the battle of Changjin Lake was tragic, but it was also of great significance. Dr Robert Hanell, a British strategist, commented: China has leapt from their victory to become a world power that can no longer be underestimated. If China people hadn't occupied the dominant position in the Qingchuan battlefield (referring to the Qingchuan River and Changjin Lake battlefields) in1950+0/year, then the subsequent world historical process would be different.

Today, 9,867 heroes of the Ninth Corps are buried in the Martyrs Cemetery near Changjin Lake.

It is their unparalleled perseverance and courage that have won 70 years of peace for more than one billion people.