What are the safety requirements for tunnel construction? How can the civilized construction on site be done well?

1. Carry out project safety production management around the characteristics of building construction

Building construction has the characteristics of strong production mobility, difficulty in realizing standardized operation, high requirements for construction organization and technical management, many open-air and high-altitude operations, and low degree of mechanization. Among them, the most prominent features are the high mobility of personnel, the unfitness of the workplace and the uncertainty of the working environment. Although the overall quality of the construction industry has been greatly improved in recent years, due to various reasons, production safety accidents remain high, which has become a huge obstacle to the development of the construction industry.

to do a good job in the safety management of engineering projects, we must first improve the level of construction science and technology, scientifically adopt construction technology and reasonably arrange operation procedures, and use new technologies, new processes and new materials to reduce environmental uncertainties. Secondly, we should strengthen the coordinated management of the operation area, reduce cross-operations, implement standardized operations, and control the irregular flow of personnel. At the same time, we should learn from some effective experiences and practices of other industries and foreign construction safety management, establish a safety production prediction and evaluation system on the construction site, strengthen the detection and monitoring in the process, and improve the ability to resist risks, so as to ensure safety production.

second, how can we form a whole-process, all-round and three-dimensional safety production responsibility system by building a grid-like safety production responsibility system and implementing safety responsibility in all areas of the construction site? It is necessary to establish a responsibility area for production safety around the construction site, implement the responsibility for production safety at every point of the construction site, and form a grid-like responsibility system. The construction area can be divided by operation area or accident prevention category, such as aerial work group, construction power group, mechanical equipment group, fire and explosion prevention group, etc. And put up the responsible person card in each responsible area of the construction site.

through the division of areas, the comparison of construction sites can be seen at a glance, which urges managers to pay more attention to site safety management actively. As long as there is a problem at any place on the construction site, you can immediately find the person in charge of the direct management project, the person in charge of the professional project department, the team leader and the management personnel in this area, immediately find out the reasons why the management is not in place, and formulate preventive measures from the source to implement control.

Third, scientifically arrange the process to reduce the uncertainty of the environment

The uncertainty of the construction site environment is sometimes caused by unreasonable process arrangement. For example, a cover plate with reserved holes is static and safe if no one touches it. If it always needs to be lifted during construction, it will become a dynamic hazard source, and it is necessary to restore the cover plate in time and take measures such as hanging nets or setting railings. If the process arrangement is reasonable, such uncertainties will be reduced a lot.

during the construction, it should be ensured that there is a smooth safe passage to every working area, and the construction site should have a safe and reliable working platform. The reasonable layout process is based on the practice in the construction site, which can't be completed by a technician alone. It needs to be discussed and studied by various professional technical managers, safety managers and engineering managers. According to the steps of first adopting advanced technology, equipment and materials to completely eliminate the hazards, then adopting technical and management measures to reduce the risk level, and finally shielding the operators and protecting individuals, targeted plans and measures are formulated to control the impact of hazards and adverse environmental factors.

iv. prepare professional and operational safety technical schemes and measures, strengthen implementation and improve prevention ability. The engineering project should combine the engineering characteristics to prepare professional, targeted and operational safety special schemes and technical measures. When preparing special safety plans and safety measures, technicians should first be familiar with the corresponding technical standards and regulations. Safety protection facilities should not only have calculation, materials, specifications and sample drawings, but also have site layout details and acceptance standards, and make emergency plans. Special safety plans and measures shall be subject to examination and approval procedures, and the compilers shall make safety technical disclosure, especially to the site safety officer, builder and team leader. The financial department of the project shall ensure that the funds for safety measures are used exclusively, and the project management personnel shall urge the site to organize the implementation in strict accordance with the plans and measures, and the technical, safety and engineering management personnel shall accept and sign on site to ensure that the safety technical measures are put in place. In the process of construction, the maintenance and inspection of safety protection facilities should be strengthened, and managers should often go deep into the site to understand and master the problems existing in the site construction, and constantly improve the construction scheme and construction method to improve the safety of construction.

5. The safety management of the team is the foothold of the safety production management of the direct management project, and the safety control of the flowing area is well done.

The safety production management of the engineering project is carried out around the construction site. If the safety management systems and measures lose the foothold of the team, they will all become castles in the air. The project manager department should sign the responsibility book for production safety with the team, call the team leader to attend the daily project meeting, and accurately grasp the construction trends of each team. At each construction stage, the project manager department shall conduct regular safety education for the team leader, carry out standardization of team work, and evaluate the construction team. During the overall coordination of the construction site, the project management department should fully grasp the dynamics of the construction area and the mobility of the team, implement the responsible personnel and monitoring personnel, strengthen the monitoring of dangerous operations and the protection of cross-operations, so as to make the disorderly construction team operations become an orderly flow within the controllable range and minimize the operational risks of the construction site. In addition, we should also strengthen the education and training of operators, enhance the awareness of fixed-point operation and standardized operation, and limit people's behavior to the action standard. Before the construction team goes beyond the scope of work, it should be reported to the project management department in advance, and the project management department can review and approve the construction.

6. Do a good job in safety education, standardize the operation of personnel and control the flow of personnel

Safety education is the top priority of human management, and we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and time. Safety education should also keep pace with the times, and make more efforts to improve the interest and effectiveness of education. The education of workers should start with the topics they are interested in, change the didactic education into case analysis, sit in class and comment on the actual operation on the spot, carry out safety skills competition, and mobilize workers to actively participate in it.

some security managers are confused about not getting the support of other system managers, and the reason is that they have not done a good job in safety education for managers. Safety education for managers needs to start with the concerns of their immediate interests, such as telling managers working in Dalin and mobile homes to pay attention to mastering the relevant knowledge of fire prevention and collapse prevention; In case education, we should focus on analyzing the management defects of accidents and explaining the legal responsibilities that managers should bear, so that the educated can take the initiative to pay attention to safety, fulfill their safety management responsibilities and do a good job in safety production.

VII. The purpose of safety inspection is to eradicate hidden dangers

The focus of safety inspection is not on how many hidden dangers are detected every day. The most important thing is to realize that safety inspection is to prevent them in advance. If hidden dangers are found through inspection, we should analyze the reasons and summarize the weak points in management, take measures from the source, improve management methods, avoid the recurrence of similar hidden dangers, and effectively eradicate hidden dangers. The project management department should make statistics and analysis on hidden dangers regularly: if it is caused by workers' illegal operation, the operators should be educated; If some teams violate the rules for many times, they should find loopholes in management; Some hidden dangers are caused by unreasonable process arrangement, and the process should be adjusted; Some hidden dangers may even expose some deep-seated problems, and it may be necessary to take a series of measures such as replacing managers or clearing teams.

the project management department should keep a concerned attitude towards hidden dangers from beginning to end, and at the same time, it can report the causes of hidden dangers, violated laws, regulations, rules and articles of association, analyze the defects existing in management, and put forward the direction of improvement. Only in this way can management be gradually put on the right track, and hidden dangers will be gradually reduced.

VIII. Grasp the safety production management in key periods

Large-scale projects have a long construction period, so we should seize several key periods and take targeted management measures according to the construction characteristics and laws of each stage, which can not only effectively avoid accidents, but also promote management and get twice the result with half the effort.

first, when the project starts, the project management must do a good job in the safety production planning of the whole project; Create a construction site safety culture with the characteristics of this project, and make and hang some posters and safety slogans with little investment but good results.

Second, after the Spring Festival, subcontractors will re-employ a large number of migrant workers during this period. At the same time, some new workers will join the construction industry. Workers must be given safety education and disclosure again, and all protective facilities and machinery and equipment on the construction site must be re-accepted. Only after the construction environment is reconfirmed can they resume work.

thirdly, seasonal construction, in which March, April, August and September are the periods of high incidence of industrial accidents. According to the laws of nature, targeted safety disclosure should be made to personnel, special inspection should be done before seasonal construction, and various preventive work should be done in advance, focusing on preventing fire, electric shock, collapse and falling from a height, so as to reduce the impact of unfavorable natural environmental factors on the site.

fourthly, the subcontracting teams enter the stadium. When a large number of subcontracting teams enter the site, the safety management personnel should understand the labor use plan, make a safety education and training plan in advance, and make sure that the workers are educated before entering the site.

the fifth is the closing stage. At this stage, there are fewer construction workers, scattered working areas, insufficient field management power and relaxed workers' minds, but safety in production cannot be relaxed.