What are the general answers to Chinese reading comprehension?

Secrets to cracking Chinese reading

This secret is divided into five parts and fifty-nine formulas. The language is concise and the operation is simple. If you study it before the exam, you can achieve the effect of quick success.

1. Narrative reading and answering skills 1. What is the genre of the article? This article is a . Poetry, novels, prose (lyrical prose, narrative prose), scripts, expository essays, argumentative essays 2. What are the six elements of narrative? (Time, place, person, cause, process, result of the event) 3. Looking for the topic sentence? (Look for the argumentative and lyrical sentences in the first or last paragraph.) 4. What is the content of the article? (Method: Look at the title, characters (things), and events, and synthesize and summarize.) Answer: This article describes (describes, explains)..., expresses (praises, reveals)... 5. Material organization Features? Select typical events tightly around the center, with appropriate tailoring and detail. 6. Divide into layers? (1) Divide by time (find phrases that indicate time); (2) Divide by location (find phrases that indicate location); (3) According to the development process of events (find individual events); (4) Total score (tick off the beginning and remove the tail) 7. Narrative clues and functions? Clues: (1) Core characters (2) Core things (3) Core events (4) Time (5) Place (6) The author’s emotional role: it is the thread that runs through the entire text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text together , making the article clear and organized. 8. Come up with a title for the article. Find the clue or center of the article (1) Core character (2) Core thing (3) Core event (6) Author's emotion 9. Fill in the reading card. Search the original text according to each requirement and fill it in again. Pay attention to the title, author, publisher, etc. of the original text (sometimes in parentheses). 10. Narrative order and function? (1) Sequential narration (in the order of development of things) Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end, is clear in structure, and makes the reading clear and impressive. (2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before.) Function: Create suspense, attract readers, avoid the monotony of the narrative, and enhance the vividness of the article. (3) Narration (interrupt the clues during the narrative and insert another related thing.) Function: It supplements and sets off the plot, enriches the image, and highlights the center. (4) Plain description (omitted) 11. Language characteristics? Choose from the following sentences based on context and rhetorical methods: Vivid image, fresh and beautiful, concise and concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong sense of rhythm. Note: Analysis must be combined with specific statements.

2. The role of the beginning of the article:

1. To trigger the following and pave the way for the following (narrative)

2. To start with the topic and present the center (central argument) )

3. Use stories or allusions to introduce arguments or topics (explain objects) and arouse readers’ interest in reading

3. The role of the end of the article:

1 , deepen the center, sublimate feelings

2. Point at the end of the article, put forward the center or central argument

3. Summarize the above, put forward suggestions, and issue a call

Four , The functions of a sentence or a paragraph:

1. The structural functions are: to start the whole text, to lead to the following, to lay the foundation, to foreshadow, to connect the previous and the next (transition), to refer to the previous and later, to echo the beginning and the end, and to summarize the full text. , highlight topics, and promote plot development.

2. The role of sentences in expressing expressions: exaggerating the atmosphere, highlighting the character's image (or character's emotions), highlighting the center (revealing the main idea), and highlighting the theme (deepening the center).

① Act as a factual argument to prove the previous (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; ② Act as a logical argument to prove the previous (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; ③ Explain the previous (last) sentence ) in one sentence (explaining the characteristics of things)

5. Common writing methods and expression techniques:: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, foil, foil, contrast, desire first to suppress, first suppress and then Yang, using small things to see big things, expressing ambitions through things, borrowing things to express principles, embodying ideas in things, borrowing things to describe people, describing things to express emotions, borrowing scenes to express emotions, blending scenes, borrowing things to express emotions, borrowing ancient times to describe the present, using allusions, expressing emotions directly, moving and stillness Combination, combination of virtual and real, frontal description, side description, etc.

6. What do "this", "them", etc. refer to:

1. Generally, search forward and will not go beyond the first three sentences;

2. After finding it, put the found content in the sentence where the pronoun is located and read it to see if it is suitable.

7. Imitation sentences:

1. Topic. First of all, the imitation sentence should be consistent with the example sentence in terms of topic, so that the material is closely connected to the center and the examples are typical and reasonable. For example, the underlined sentence lists "flowers in the spring light" and "leaves in the autumn wind". Based on the "always with you" at the end of the sentence, it can be determined that the imitation sentence should be written with the characteristics of summer and winter in mind. .

2. Sentence pattern. The sentence structure of the imitation sentence should be the same as that of the example sentence. Sentence patterns include declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences, active sentences, passive sentences, long sentences, short sentences, loose sentences, whole sentences, single sentences, complex sentences, etc.

3. Rhetoric. When imitating a sentence, you should use the same rhetorical methods as the example sentence, so you should carefully study the figures of speech used in the example sentence, such as metaphor, parallelism, contrast, personification, repetition, question, rhetorical question, quotation, etc.

4. Structure. The combination of the components of the imitative sentence and the construction of the qualifying phrase should be consistent with the example sentences.

5. Expression. The imitated sentences should be fluent in language, appropriately worded, concise and clear, and should not contain illogical, far-fetched, shallow and childish statements.

6. Color. Here "color" includes stylistic color and emotional color. For example, the example is filled with cheerful and joyful emotions, and this cannot be violated when imitating the sentence.

7. Word count. For some imitation sentence questions, you should also pay attention when imitating the sentence. The number of words should be exactly the same as the example sentence.

8. Words used to evaluate sentence characteristics:

Accurate, rigorous, vivid, vivid, easy to understand, concise language, concise and clear, concise, contagious, and rhythmic Strong, euphemistic and implicit, meaningful, thought-provoking, profound, arousing interest in reading, thorough reasoning, persuasive

9. Answers to word-limited questions:

1. According to the question requirements Make a completely accurate statement (don’t think too much about the number of words at this time);

2. Abbreviate according to the word number requirements: ① Remove irrelevant modifiers, ② Change multi-syllable words to mono-syllable words , ③Use abbreviations (especially place names).

3. Read the sentences together that meet the meaning of the question and the word count requirements. Are there any grammatical errors? Yes, they must be revised. The sentences should be concise, complete, smooth and clear.

10. Writing slogans:

1. The sentences must be short and concise;

2. The following sentence patterns can be used: imperative sentences, metaphorical sentences, parallelism Sentences, couplets, symmetrical sentences, famous poems, proverbs, catchphrases, etc. can also be cleverly used and slightly modified to suit the context.

11. Sentence function, meaning analysis, sentence appreciation questions:

1. The correlative word "although... but..." is used in the sentence. This group of correlative words indicates the turning relationship; The correlative words "not only...but also..." are used. These correlative words indicate a progressive relationship, and both are intended to emphasize the latter.

2. The function of an inverted sentence: it is often to emphasize the front part (that is, to move it to the front). For example: "It is very true, it is not beneficial to you" is to emphasize the part of "it is not beneficial to you". The degree is "extremely high". Another example is the sentence "It's not that good, I think" to clearly emphasize that the author's evaluation of the scenic spot "Leifeng Sunset" is "it's not that good".

3. Evaluate and appreciate a sentence: You should start from two aspects. First, evaluate the writing characteristics and language characteristics, such as what rhetorical techniques and expression techniques are used. The language may be vivid, beautiful, symmetrical, or accurate. Or use verbs, adjectives... Then comment on the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what point of view this sentence expresses, what feelings, enlightenment, education it gives you...

4. Analyzing the meaning of a sentence can also be based on analysis Start with keywords and focus on understanding the meaning of keywords in a specific context.

5. When analyzing a sentence in an expository paragraph, you must closely focus on the explanatory content, the characteristics of the object of explanation, and the characteristics of the expository language (accurate and vivid).

6. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative paragraph, you must closely focus on the specific atmosphere rendered by the article, the feelings expressed, the characteristics of the character, etc.

7. When analyzing a sentence in an argumentative paragraph, it is necessary to closely focus on the argument (either the central argument of the full text, or the sub-argument of the paragraph) and the characteristics of the argumentative language.

8. Key sentences mainly include five aspects: ① Sentences that point out the topic; ② Sentences that describe, discuss, and express emotions; ③ Sentences that summarize the full text; ④ Sentences that connect and link together (such as sentences that refer to each other and Transitional sentences that serve as a link between the previous and the following); ⑤ Sentences that use various rhetorical techniques (such as metaphors, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, repetition, irony, questions, and rhetorical questions, especially quoted sentences). Understanding key sentences mainly refers to being able to appreciate the thoughts and feelings expressed by the sentences. Such as the author's emotions, anger, sorrow, attitude of praise and criticism, and ideological tendencies revealed between the lines. At the same time, you must understand the function, role, and characteristics of sentences in the text.

12. Sentence comparative analysis questions: Common question meaning: Is it okay to replace the original sentence with a modified sentence? Or which one is better, the original sentence or the revised sentence? Delete words and sentences.

Answering methods and steps: 1. Express your opinion (whether it works or not, which one is better); 2. Analyze the advantages of the original sentence; 3. Analyze the shortcomings of the modified sentence.

13. Prepare a title for the paragraph:

1. Look at the beginning, the end, the central sentence, the transitional sentence, and the recurring sentences.

2. The language is required to be concise, usually about 6 words.

14. Talk about your own opinions or experiences based on the feelings of reading the passage:

1. Use the first person;

2. Use the form of 1+2 or 1+3 , first summarize your views or experiences in one sentence, and then use two or three sentences to talk about the reasons. You can present facts or make sense. If the topic has relevant requirements, you should also pay attention to combining your own personal experience.

15. Supplement the psychological activities according to the context:

1. The first person must be used;

2. The specific context must be carefully studied.

16. Supplement examples based on the points raised in the short article:

1. You can give examples of famous people, which will be more convincing and show your knowledge, but they must be Write accurate characters and events, and avoid being pretentious.

2. You can also use ordinary people’s examples, and you can make them up, but you must pay attention to the sense of reality and avoid being too exaggerated. People will know that they are fabricated at a glance.

3. Format: Character + Example + Short Evaluation

17. Summary of the examples in the paragraph:

1. It must contain two elements: Character + Things;

2. Other elements such as time (season, year), place, and environment should also be included if they have specific meanings.

18. The functions of quotation marks:

1. Express quotations (quoting dialogues, poems, etc.);

2. Express specific titles (special meanings) );

3. It expresses negation, irony, sarcasm, etc.; 4. It expresses emphasis.

19. Define relevant terms according to the context:

Take the definition of "genetically modified crops" as an example.

1. Format A: Genetically modified crops are crops of... Format B: A type of crop is called a genetically modified crop.

2. Note: The definition must grasp the essential attributes of things. For example, "crop" is the essential attribute of "genetically modified crops"; "mathematical method" is the essential attribute of "overall method".

20. Understand the meaning of the word in the text selection and the meaning in the context:

To answer this type of question, you should pay attention to two points: First, the word may no longer have dictionary meaning, but a special meaning in a specific context. Second, in order to understand the contextual meaning of words, we must first correctly understand the context in which the words are located. For example, the word "beautiful" in the sentence "It's really beautiful" in the article "Mr. Fujino".

21. Answer the questions in your own words:

1. This kind of question is often restricted and cannot be answered directly by the sentences in the original text. From another level, that is, It implies that there are relevant sentences in your original text, so you should first find out the relevant sentences in the original text;

2. What you need to consider now is how to turn the sentences in the original text into your own words. You can use the following methods:

①The method of summarizing the main idea is suitable for long sentences related to the original text;

②The method of translating sentences is suitable for paragraphs of classical Chinese;

③Explanation of key points Lexical method, suitable for sentences with rare words in the original sentence;

④ Transformed sentence method, suitable for sentences in which the original text uses questions, hypothetical questions, and rhetorical questions whose semantic meaning is not completely clear, and the question requires making a statement Clearly expressed situation.

22. Supplement the psychological activities according to the context:

1. The first person must be used; 2. The specific context must be carefully studied.

23. Divide paragraphs and levels, summarize the meaning of paragraphs and layers:

Pay attention to clarify the clues of the article, and use the transitional paragraphs, sentences and words in the article , statements that represent time changes, statements that represent location changes, and attention should also be paid to the order in which characters appear.

Twenty-four. Refining the center and theme:

Pay attention to understand the main content of this article, the author's purpose of writing this article, and the thoughts and feelings contained in the article. Pay attention to some commonly used words, such as to summarize the main content, generally use: This article describes..., describes..., introduces..., through..., etc., such as to summarize the purpose of writing and thoughts and feelings, usually use: express... , express..., praise..., sing..., reveal..., flog..., satire..., explain..., reveal..., reflect... etc.

25. Answers to open reading questions:

This type of questions is actually to test students’ ability to understand the content of the selected text or important sentences. Students are required to organically combine reading and life, reading and writing, reading and learning methods, and reading and innovation. There are mainly the following aspects:

1. It is required to talk about opinions, feelings and inspirations based on the selected text materials;

2. Explain the understanding of the selected text content based on the actual situation;

3. Comment on the characters in the article;

4. Based on life and study experience, judge the pros and cons, and talk about your own unique opinions on the selected materials;

5 , put forward reasonable suggestions and assumptions about the phenomenon explained in the article in conjunction with actual practice;

6. Mobilize the accumulation of knowledge, examine the extension of the selected text materials from the inside to the outside and the connection between the outside and the inside of the textbook (such as understanding the topics involved in the selected text) works of important writers, literary models, famous sentences in the works, etc.);

7. Make use of associations and imagination to fill in the relevant content;

8. Comment on the artistic techniques or beautiful points in the article Appreciate.

Ten types of narrative narratives

1. Expression methods of narratives: narration, description, discussion, lyricism, and explanation.

2. Classification of description methods:

1. General introduction and specific description;

2. Portrait (appearance) description, behavior description, and demeanor description , language description, psychological description;

3. Positive description and side description

3. Environmental description in novels: natural environment, social environment and environmental description

3. The functions of environmental description:

The main functions of social environment description: 1. Explain the historical background of the work. 2. When answering, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality the relevant sentences describing the environment in the passage reveal.

The main functions of natural environment description (scenery description) sentences: 1. Show regional scenery, remind time, season and environmental characteristics; 2. Promote plot development; 3. Exaggerate the atmosphere; 4. Enhance the character image ( or the character’s mood and feelings); 5. Highlight and deepen the theme.

4. Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, questioning, quotation, comparison

1. Metaphor: use words based on the similarities of things. Concrete, simple, and familiar things are used to explain abstract, profound, and unfamiliar things, that is, using metaphors. Function: Can express the content vividly and concretely, giving people a clear and profound impression, use simple and common things to explain profound and unfamiliar things, and help people understand deeply. Three types of metaphors: simile, metaphor, and metonymy.

2. Personification: write things as if they were people, endow things with human words, deeds, thoughts and feelings, and use words that describe people to describe things. Function: to personify specific things and make language vivid and vivid.

3. Exaggeration: Deliberately exaggerating or minimizing the nature and characteristics of things. Function: Reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power, and cause associative effects.

4. Parallelism: arrange together three or more sentences or components with the same or similar structure, consistent tone, and related meaning. Function: Enhance language momentum and enhance expression effect.

5. Duality: A pair of phrases or sentences with the same number of words, the same structure and symmetrical meaning, expressing two opposite or similar meanings. Function: Neat and well-proportioned, strong sense of rhythm, highly summarized, easy to remember, and musically beautiful. For example: reeds on the wall are top-heavy and light-footed; bamboo shoots in the mountains have sharp mouths, thick skin and hollow bellies.

Among these rhetorics, metaphors are the most examined. Don't regard sentences with "like" and "like" as metaphors. In most cases, 'like', 'as if', and 'as if' are metaphors, but it should be noted that the following situations are not metaphors:

(1) It means comparison. For example: He looks very similar His brother.

(2) It means speculation. For example: He seemed to have gone out just now.

(3) It means the progress of many students in this exam. Very big, like Zhang Hao, Li Shutong, etc.

(4) Expressing imagination. For example: when you close your eyes, the trees seem to be full of peaches, apricots, and pears.

5. The order of narrative: forward narration, flashback, interlude (retrospective narration)

6. Classification of prose: lyrical prose and narrative prose

7. Characteristics of prose: form Dispersed but the spirit remains

8. The three elements of the novel: characters, storyline and environment

9. The structure of the novel: beginning, development, climax, ending (some are preceded by others) Prologue, followed by an epilogue)

10. Evaluate the works of writers:

1. The main purpose should be to make a positive evaluation of the progress of the writer and the work;

2. The limitations of writers and works should be pointed out, and the focus should be on historical limitations.

Break the seven types of expository essays

1. Classification of expository essays:

1. Explanatory essays on physical objects, explanatory essays on affairs, and explanatory essays on procedures

2. Explanatory essays on science and technology, and literary expository essays (also called science sketches or knowledge sketches)

2. Explanation sequence:

1. Time order: historical order, chronological order, alternation of seasons, morning and evening (sequential) order

2. Spatial order: pay attention to nouns indicating orientation

3 , Logical sequence: first summarize and then divide, from primary to secondary, from outside to inside, from simple to complex, from here to that, from special to general, from phenomenon to essence, etc.

3. Explanation methods:

List numbers, make comparisons, give examples, draw analogies, classify, make explanations, define, make charts, and cite information

Two major ways of explanation: plain explanation and vivid explanation

4. Language characteristics of expository text: vivid (interesting), accurate (scientific)

5. Judgment of explanations of passages Center (explanatory content):

Answering method:

1. Physical object explanatory text: describing the object + characteristics of the object

2. Principle explanatory text: about... The truth of... (reasons, methods, principles, etc.)

3. Procedure explanatory text:... The operation or experiment or production process of...

6. Analysis of the explanation method and its function Commonly used answer formats:

This sentence uses the ------- explanation method to vividly, concretely and intuitively explain ------- in a simple and easy-to-understand way (scientific and accurate). - (Explanation content), so that readers----------------------

7. Understanding and analyzing the functions of words in explanatory texts:

There are two main types of questions:

A. What are the advantages of the word "××"?

★How to answer the question: Use the word "××" to vividly (accurately) explain...the...characteristics of...things and be able to arouse the reader's interest (in line with the actual situation and scientific).

B. Can the word "××" be deleted?

★How to answer the question: ①No, the word "××" is used to vividly illustrate..., which can stimulate the reader's interest. If you remove it, there will be no such effect.

② No, if you delete the word "××", the meaning of the sentence becomes..., which seems too absolute; using the word "××" accurately explains..., which is realistic The situation, leaving room for change, is scientific.

Nine types of argumentative essays

1. Categories of argumentative essays: argumentation and refutation

2. Three elements of argumentative essays:

1. Argument: solve "what needs to be proved"

2. Argument: solve "what to prove"

3. Demonstration: solve "how to prove"

3. Argumentative essay structure

1. Introduction: raising questions

2. Thesis: analyzing problems

3. Conclusion: solving problems

4. Argument types: factual arguments and rational arguments

5. Common argumentation methods:

1. The most basic argumentation method: presenting facts and reasoning

2. Commonly used argumentation methods: argumentation with examples, argumentation with reasoning, argumentation with quotations (if citing stories, it is an argumentation with examples, if quoting famous quotes, it is argumentation with logic), comparative argumentation, metaphorical argumentation, and analogy argumentation (often with "the same "Words such as "and so on")

6. Identify or refine the central argument and sub-arguments:

1. The form and location of the argument

The argument should be A clear judgment is a complete statement of the author's opinion, which should be a relatively complete sentence in form.

Position: ①title, ②★beginning, ③★end, ④during the discussion (pay attention to the transitional sentences connecting the previous and the next), ⑤the expression is not focused and needs to be summarized

2. When When you encounter sentences that express arguments that are not ready-made in the text, although it is difficult, there are methods to follow: you need to accurately understand the full text content, extract the core of the article, based on the topic and arguments, refer to the problem the author wants to solve, and accurately Determine and refine the author's point of view, then summarize it in your own words.

3. It should be noted that some articles express the meaning of the central argument in more than one sentence. They need to be compared to find the most concise and clear sentence.

7. Analyze the relationship between arguments and arguments:

Answer method: The argument of this article (paragraph) is ----------, and the ones listed here... An argument (fact or reason) is to prove this argument from (negative or positive)...

8. Identify the argument method and analyze its function:

1. Answer this For similar questions, you first need to clarify the concepts of several common argumentation methods, understand the differences between them, and then analyze the specific content in conjunction with the context.

2. Answering method: This paragraph (sentence) uses the ------- argumentation method to demonstrate... (argument) and appear... (benefits).

9. Imitate the sentence structure of the argument (sub-argument) in the original article and put forward an opinion of your own:

1. To answer this type of question, you must first perceive the content of the article as a whole. Then obtain a unique experience based on the revelation of the reading article, and finally express it in prescribed sentence patterns to form an argument (sub-argument).

2. This kind of question not only tests the association ability, but also the language expression ability, and also tests the ability to grasp the relationship between the sub-argument and the central argument.

Evaluate the point of view of the passage (need to explain the reasons):

To answer such a question, you need to clarify the relationship between the structure, materials and points of the original text. Be sure to analyze and summarize when answering, and avoid copying everything. ?