What are the characteristics of American Patriot surface-to-air missiles?

American Patriot missile is the earliest missile equipped with multi-function phased array radar. It successfully intercepted Scud missiles in the 199 1 Gulf War and became famous. The phased radar used in this missile can track more than 100 air targets at the same time, and can command 9 missiles to intercept at the same time. The missile started small batch production in 1980, and was equipped with troops in 1985. It is mainly used to deal with air attack targets such as high-performance aircraft, air-to-ground missiles, theater ballistic missiles and cruise missiles that came out after the 20th century. It is also suitable for field air defense, national air defense and important air defense. Its maximum combat distance is about 100 km, and its theoretical killing probability is greater than 80%.

Patriot missile is an advanced air defense missile, which adopts the composite guidance of initial program control, mid-course radio command and terminal semi-active radar homing, and adopts multifunctional phased array radar, which can intercept multiple targets at the same time. Its effective range is (3-80) km, its effective shooting height is (0.3-24) km, its total length is 5.3 m, its diameter is 0.406 m, its wingspan is 0.852 m, its launching mass is 800 kg, and its maximum flying speed is (5-6) times the speed of sound. The power plant is a high-energy solid rocket engine. The warhead is a fragment killing type with a killing radius of 20 meters.

The weapon system of Patriot missile consists of fire control and launcher. The fire control part includes radar vehicle, command and control vehicle, antenna vehicle and power vehicle. The command and control vehicle is the brain of the whole weapon system, and one commander and two operators can complete the whole battle process through the console. This kind of missile attracts people's attention mainly because it uses advanced phased array radar.

If the command and control vehicle is called the "brain" of the missile, then the phased array radar can be called the "eye" of the patriot. Each launch company of Patriot missile system is equipped with an MPQ-53 phased array radar, which can control eight quadruple missile launchers. Radar is responsible for searching, tracking, friend-or-foe identification, and directing and guiding missile attacks. The radar search angle is 90, and the tracking angle is 65438+02. It works in the G-band. When detecting a target, its electronic scanning beam can immediately measure the direction and height of the target, the search range is about (3- 170) km, and it can actively intercept multiple targets at the same time.

The radar antenna of Patriot missile is unique. Its phased array antenna is square box-shaped and installed on the trailer. The antenna consists of several groups of modules, one of which is the main antenna, which forms a circular array with 6 1 transceiver module, and its function is to send different beams such as search, tracking, illumination and guidance instructions to the target at the same time; The other group, located at the lower left of the main antenna, consists of 2,565,438+0 modules, which are specially responsible for receiving the information launched by Patriot missiles and transmitting it to the digital weapon control computer of the interception control station for calculation. After the target data is processed, it is sent back to the missile by radar instruction or radar detection beam. After receiving these guidance signals, two groups of guidance antennas on the missile convert them into control signals and transmit them to the control surface to guide the missile to fly to the target.

There is also a horizontally arranged strip array under the main antenna, which is an IFF system. In addition, there are five hexagonal arrays (each with 5 1 module), two of which are located on the left and right sides above the IFF array, and the other three are located in the lower center of the antenna board. The function of these five small antenna arrays is to filter out the enemy's electronic interference signals when reducing electronic interference. These modules are managed by computers, using time division multiplexing, that is, in a channel transmission time, multiple discrete signals are composed of group signals with non-overlapping time domains, and are transmitted together, and calculated at intervals of one millionth of a second, so as to search, track, guide, identify friends or enemies and cheat radar and anti-radiation missile (anti-radar missile) equipment, that is, ARM-D anti-radiation missile bait. It can send out electronic signals similar in frequency and amplitude to MPQ-53 radar, so that the incoming anti-radiation missile can track the bait, thus protecting the safety of the radar.

When the missile obtains the information of the invading target, the missile enters the combat readiness state and the ground radar begins to search. Once the target is found, it will be monitored and tracked immediately, and the command and control system will identify the enemy and judge the threat. Then, the target and interception time of wired attack are determined, and the transmitter is selected to send the data and programs needed before launch to the missile. Then launch the missile, and the missile will fly according to the predetermined procedure. At the same time, the radar will search and track the target, and constantly use instructions to correct the missile's flight trajectory. When the radar receives the signal reflected by the target, the missile automatically switches from command guidance to semi-active radar homing guidance; When the distance between the missile and the target reaches the killing radius, the warhead is detonated and the target is destroyed.

In the Gulf War, the Patriot missile effectively intercepted the ground-to-ground tactical missile launched by Iraq-the Scud missile Patriot missile stood the test in actual combat, thus proving its advanced performance and showing the good application of high-tech achievements in the war.