Review of Deng Xiaoping, 1928

from 1922 to 1926, there were 175 film companies in China, and 145 in Shanghai alone. The emergence of many film companies created the first prosperous period of China films.

in p>1927

Russian film director Yakov? Bouriaud came to Shanghai to shoot the news documentary "Shanghai Chronicle". The film recorded the life and struggle of the Shanghai people in the later period of China's first revolutionary civil war.

The craze for costume films has appeared in China film industry. This year's films include honey trap by Greater China Lily Company, Pansi Cave by Shanghai Film Company, and The West Chamber by Minxin Company. In addition, martial arts films are also emerging. The Four Heroes of Wang filmed by Greater China Lily Company and Heroes of Children by Youlian Company attract people's attention.

In p>1928,

The film "Burning Red Lotus Temple" (the first episode) made by Star Company was released. Based on the martial arts novel The Legend of the Wonder Man in the Jianghu, the film was written by Zhengqiu Zheng and directed by Zhang Shichuan. After its release, it set a record for the highest-grossing domestic film. Since then, the star company has filmed 18 episodes in succession. At the same time, other companies are affected by this, and they have also filmed martial arts films, which has set off a craze for martial arts films. Among the nearly 4 films produced in 1928-1931, about 25 were martial arts films.

In September, the Ministry of the Interior of the National Government promulgated the Film Censorship Plan, which was implemented in the following year.

In p>1929

China's first sound film projector was installed in Shanghai Xialing Paike Cinema, and the sound film "Flying General" premiered (only sound, no dialogue), which caused a sensation. Six months later, all the high-end cinemas in Shanghai installed sound film projection equipment.

The National Government set up a drama and film review meeting in Shanghai. The Film Censorship Committee is composed of the public security, social affairs and education bureaus of Shanghai Municipal Government. Since then, all domestic films released in Shanghai must be examined by the police of Shanghai Concession Bureau and the Municipal Film Inspection Committee in advance.

The craze for martial arts films continues to rise. The main films that appeared this year include four to nine episodes of Burning Red Lotus Temple, the sequel of Wang's Four Heroes, one to four episodes of Qianlong's Journey to the South of the Yangtze River, two to three episodes of Heroes of Children, The Red Knight, The Merry swordsman, The Flying Thief, White Rose, and The Great Warrior of Kanto.

In p>193

The National Government promulgated the Film Censorship Law, and the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education drafted the Rules for the Implementation of the Film Censorship Law and the Articles of Association of the Film Censorship Committee, which were promulgated and implemented.

Several small and medium-sized film companies headed by "Greater China Lily" merged to form "Lianhua Film Company". "Lianhua" advocates the movement of "reviving and reforming Chinese films", which runs counter to the heat wave of film commercialization and has made important contributions to the development of China films. During the eight years of the company's existence, * * * made nearly 1 films, and finally formed a pattern of "star" and "Tianyi".

"Wild Grass and Flowers" produced by Lianhua Film Company was released. The film dubs the film episode "Looking for a Brother" with wax disc dubbing, which is the first episode of China's film.

Warwick Trading Company successfully manufactured the first domestic movie projector with sound, named "Sidatong".

In March, 1931

, China's first audio film "The Singing Girl Red Peony" came out. The film was co-produced by Star Film Company and EMI Records Company, and the method of wax disc dubbing was adopted.

In May, the audio film "Young Beauty" produced by Youlian Film Company was shown at the Summer Paike Cinema, which was shot at the same time as "The Red Peony".

In June, the first on-film pronunciation film "Rain clears the sky" jointly produced by "Great China" and "Jinan" was released. The film was filmed in Japan by renting Japanese audio film equipment, and was boycotted by the audience in the patriotic upsurge of boycotting Japanese goods.

After the September 18th Incident, the star film companies formed the Star Salvation Corps, and Lianhua Film Company formed the Lianhua National Anti-Japanese Salvation Corps to carry out the "boycott of Japanese goods" activities.

In October, Spring in the Singing Field, produced by Tianyi Film Company, was released, which was the first on-film sound film produced in China.

On January 28th, 1932, the Japanese army shelled Shanghai, and the December 28th War broke out. Film companies and 16 cinemas located in Hongkou, Zhabei and Jiangwan were all destroyed by gunfire, and more than 3 small and medium-sized film companies in Shanghai were forced to close down.

In March, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education of the National Government jointly formed the Film Censorship Committee. In March of the following year, it was renamed the Central Film Censorship Committee, which was subordinate to the Executive Yuan and guided by the Propaganda Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee.

in may, electroacoustic daily was founded. Immediately after its publication, the newspaper held a "movie emperor" selection. As a result, Jin Yan, the main actor of Lianhua, was elected as the "movie emperor". In January 1934, the newspaper changed its name to Electroacoustics Weekly, and its circulation increased continuously, becoming one of the largest film publications in the 193s.

After the December 28th Incident, various film companies in Shanghai produced anti-Japanese films in succession, including the feature film Adventures in the Battlefield, the news documentary "A bloody battle against Japan", the first episode of the 19th Route Army, the feature film "The Battle of Shanghai" and the animated film "The History of National Pain". Lianhua Film Company's feature film "* * * Going to the National Disaster", news documentary "Violent Japanese Disaster in Shanghai", "Memorial Service for Anti-Japanese Soldiers in Songhu" and cartoon "Blood Money"; Tianyi film company's audio news film "Shanghai catastrophe"; The Glorious History of the 19th Route Army by Huimin Film Company; Blood of Shanghai and Song Dynasties by Jinan Film Company; Hui Chong Film Company's History of Shanghai's Anti-Japanese Bloody Battle; History of a bloody battle of China Tiejun by Xifan Film Company; Asia Film Company's History of Shanghai's bloody battle against the enemy, etc. These films were praised by public opinion after being shown in the mainland and Nanyang.

The Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee issued a "circular" to Shanghai film companies prohibiting the filming of anti-Japanese films, declaring that "in the future, films about war and revolutionary content will be banned ..."

The film review group of "Drama Association" was established. This is a mass film criticism organization led by China * * * Production Party. It welcomes film critics to participate freely through tea parties and symposiums. The film review team has successively opened up film supplements in many newspapers as film review positions.

In p>1933

The cartoon department was set up by the star film company, and the "Wan Brothers" entered the cartoon department.

On February 9th, China Film Culture Association was established in Shanghai. At the meeting, 31 members including Huang Zibu (Xia Yan), Jesuli Chen (Tian Han), Hong Shen, Zhengqiu Zheng, Nie Er, Cai Chusheng, Shi Dongshan, Sun Yu, Jin Yan and Shen Xiling were elected as executive members and alternate executive members, with Xia Yan, Nie Er and Shen Xiling as leaders of the Literature Department, Organization Department and Propaganda Department respectively.

in February, Italy held an international film competition in Milan, and invited China to send films to participate. After the primary selection and re-selection of the film censorship meeting, it was decided to send six films to participate in the competition, including the silent film Morning in the City by Lianhua, Night in the City, Wild Rose, Three Modern Women, Grand View in Beiping, and the audio film Flower of Freedom by the star. This is China's earliest international film activity.

In the same month, the "Movie Queen" election sponsored by Star Daily was announced, and Hu Die was elected as the "Movie Queen" with 21,334 votes. On March 28th, the Shanghai film industry held a tea party to celebrate the election of Ms. Hu Die as the film queen and save the country by aviation. Hu Die was awarded the "Film Queen Certificate" and the "Film Queen Memorial Book" was issued.

In the same month, Electroacoustic Daily was announced in the "Star Business Card Contest" prepared for three months, and was elected as "Top Ten Stars in China" with Hu Die as the first, Ruan Lingyu as the second and Jin Yan as the third. The first name of "Top Ten Foreign Stars" is Jenny? Geno, the second place is Gretel? Garbo, the third place is Mai? Donna.

in March, China * * * production party film group was established, with Xia Yan as the leader and Qian Xingcun (A Ying), Wang Chenwu, Shi Linghe and Hui min Situ as members. The film group carried out activities such as script creation, film criticism, conveying new people and introducing Soviet films.

The China Educational Film Association held the first national domestic film selection conference, and Humanity produced by Lianhua Film Company won the first prize of silent film, and Flower of Freedom produced by Star Film Company won the first prize of audio film.

In May, the Central Film Studio (CLP), the production organization of the Propaganda Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, was established in Nanjing.

In September, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang set up the Script Review Committee and the Film Review Committee under the Film Industry Steering Committee to replace the Film Review Committee headed by the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Education directly under the National Government.

On November 12th, while Yihua Company was making films with the contents of anti-imperialism, anti-Japanese resistance and class struggle, such as Flame and Rage in the Sea of China, the Kuomintang secret service organization ordered more than 3 thugs to rush into Yihua Company in the name of "China Film Shovel * * * Comrades" to smash and destroy it, which was the "Yihua was destroyed" in the history of China movies.

The films "Wild Flow" and "Spring Silkworm" produced by Star Film Company are released. The former is the first left-wing film; The latter is adapted from Mao Dun's novel of the same name, which is the first time that China's new literary works have been put on the screen.

Three Modern Women, produced by Lianhua Film Company, was released, which is one of the films that the left-wing film movement has had a wide social impact.

Morning in Metropolis, Gadgets and Night in the City produced by Lianhua Film Company are released.

In p>1934, under the name of "China Youth Shovel * * * Grand Alliance", the secret service of the Kuomintang distributed "Declaration on Eliminating Film Reddening" to newspapers, threatening the production companies: "In the future, it is absolutely forbidden to make films that promote film reddening, endanger the country, depict class struggle and provoke national ill feelings, and we should try our best to avoid depicting the dark side of society in order to meet the purpose of educating the society." The Declaration also warned companies not to use the works of Tian Han, Xia Yan, Mao Dun, Shen Xiling, Lou Shiyi, Xu Xingzhi and others, and "the directors should also be dismissed quickly".

The film Goddess produced by Lianhua Film Company was released. This film is one of the most important masterpieces of China's silent films.

Sister Flowers, produced by Star Film Company, was shown in Shanghai Xinguang Grand Theatre for 6 days, which was the highest-grossing record at that time. Butterfly plays two sisters with different personalities in the film. The success of the film in business saved the economic crisis of the star company.

The Ministry of Industry of the National Government sent Ming-Yau Lo, general manager of Lianhua Film Company, as the film inspector to visit the film industry in Japan, the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

The Central Party Department of the Kuomintang, the Ministry of the Interior of the National Government, the Ministry of Education and the China Educational Film Association * * * jointly formed a domestic film selection committee to host the second domestic film competition. The jury selected Life as the first silent film and Sister Flower as the first audio film from 1 participating films.

Yu Guang Qu, produced by Lianhua Film Company, was shown in Shanghai Jincheng Grand Theatre for 84 days, exceeding the box office record of Sister Flower.

under the pressure of reactionary forces, the star film company dismissed Xia Yan, Qian Xingcun and Zheng Boqi as "screenwriter consultants". Xia Yan transferred to Dentsu Film Company.

In December, the pioneering work of Dentsu Film Company, The Robbery of Peach and Plum, premiered at Shanghai Jincheng Grand Theatre. This is China's first audio film created with sound as an artistic means.

In p>1935

The Road and The New Woman produced by Lianhua Film Company were shown in Shanghai Jincheng Grand Theatre. The latter is the last film starring the famous movie star Ruan Lingyu.

From February 21st to March 2nd, the Soviet Union held the Moscow International Film Exhibition, and China sent a delegation consisting of seven people, including Zhou Jianyun, Tao Boxun, Yu Qing, Huang Qian, Hu Die, Yan Heming and Sun Guiji (translator) * * *. The participating films are: Sister Flower, Empty Valley Orchid, Spring Silkworm and Bigamy by Star Company, The Road and Fishing Song by Lianhua Company, Woman by Yihua Company and The Robbery of Peach and Plum by Dentsu Company).

China's film "Yu Guang Qu" (directed by Cai Chusheng) won the honorary prize at the Moss International Film Festival, which is the first China film to win an international prize.

On March 8th, Ruan Lingyu, a famous actor, committed suicide by taking poison on the eve of Women's Day on March 8th, because of his unhappy marriage, persecution by social evil forces and slander by tabloid reporters. On 14th of the same month, a funeral ceremony was held, with 3, people in undertaker along the way.

The film "Children of the Storm" produced by Dentsu Film Company was released. March of the Volunteers, the theme song of the film, was written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er. It was designated as the national anthem of the Chinese people in 1949 and the national anthem in 1978.

On July 16th, Zhengqiu Zheng, one of the founders and famous director of China films, died of illness at the age of 47. China Education Film Association regards "Zhengqiu Zheng has done its best in film industry and contributed to social education, and specially invites the central authorities to grant awards and pensions to the survivors".

The film Urban Scenery produced by Dentsu Film Company was released, which is the first musical comedy in China.

China's first animated film "Camel Dancing" was produced, which was drawn by Wan Brothers and produced by Star Film Company.

In January, 1936, Ou Yangyuqian, Cai Chusheng, Zhou Jianyun, Sun Yu, Fei Mu, Pingqian Li, Sun Shiyi and others initiated the Shanghai Film Salvation Association, and issued a declaration of its establishment. The manifesto demands: 1. "Insist on territorial sovereignty integrity", "recover lost territory" and "protect patriotic movements and freedom of assembly, association, speech, publication and film production", and puts forward four propositions at the same time: "The national film industry should jointly organize a United front to save the country and participate in the national liberation movement; Second, abolish the current film censorship system; 3. Use the strength of our own organization to check the production of all films that are against the requirements of popularization, and sanction the screening of all Chinese and foreign films that are directly or indirectly harmful to the national liberation movement; Fourth, mobilize the power of the entire film industry to produce films advocating national liberation. " The establishment of the Shanghai Film Salvation Association and the publication of its declaration marked that China's films entered a new stage of the "national defense film" (anti-Japanese) movement.

On February 11th, the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee published a Letter to the People, saying: "I heard that the * * * production party was secretly discussing, and I wanted to use cultural groups and intellectuals to make a comeback under the cover of the slogan of saving the country. Sure enough, not long after, there will be a film salvation association in Shanghai, and soon there will be a cultural salvation association. "It is also said that the declarations of the salvation associations" do not say against the central government, that is, subvert the government. " The next day, Ou Yangyuqian made a statement to the press on behalf of the national salvation society in the film industry, and corrected the false words in the Letter to the People.

international movie master Chaplin and his wife Pauline? Gao Dai and Pauline's mother, Altai? Gao Dai visited Shanghai. Hu Die, a famous film actor, hosted a banquet in the International Hotel, accompanied by Mei Lanfang, a Peking Opera artist. Chaplin also met with film director Shi Dongshan and actors Langen Han and Liu Jiqun.

According to the principle of "three points for entertainment and seven points for education", the domestic film selection committee chaired by the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee selected seven "excellent films" produced in 1935, and the ranking of each film was as follows: 1. Song of Victory (Yihua Film Company),