History of Longling

1. Historical celebrities in Longling County

Historical celebrity Zhang Jianqiu, (1919-1955) Xiangda of Longling County.

In 1945, he was appointed as the principal of Xiangda Primary School. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he participated in the establishment of Xiaodong Middle School.

Joined the Chinese Communist Party in October 1948. After the liberation of western Yunnan, he served as the county magistrate of Malong County.

Zhu Jiaxi, (1909-1949) was a native of Zhujiazhuang, Longling Xiangda. Long Yun approved the establishment of the "Longlu District Guerrilla Detachment" and appointed him as major general, detachment commander and county magistrate of Longling County.

He participated in the preparation of "Xiaodong Middle School" and submitted it to the Provincial Department of Education for approval. In early 1948, he established the Yunnan Revolutionary Anti-Chiang Armed Forces and served as deputy commander.

Zhu Hua, a master of Longling Xiang. In early March 1951, he was transferred to the confidential secretary of Commander Chen Geng and went abroad with him to fight against the United States and aid Korea. In 1984, he was appointed as the director of the preparatory office, principal and party committee secretary of Zhanjiang Meteorological School. In the same period, he was elected as a member of the fourth and fifth Zhanjiang CPPCC.

Zhu Jiaxiang, (1920-1963) was a native of Zhujiazhuang, Xiangda Township, Longling County. In 1935, Zhu Jiaxiang, in pursuit of the truth, made an appointment with Zhu Jiapin and Zhang Jianqiu to go to the Eighth Route Army Office in Wuhan to contact Yan'an, and then went to Shanghai to find Ba Jin and seek knowledge from him.

In the spring of 1945, in order to revitalize education in his hometown, Zhu Jiaxiang became the principal of Xiangda Primary School. 2. Where is Longling?

Longling County is located in the southwest border of the motherland. In ancient times, it was called Heishuilong, which means "Village in the Forest". It is an important passage of the famous "Southern Silk Road" in history; Longling is separated from Myanmar by a strip of water, and the border is 19 meters long.

71 kilometers long, it is an important part of the border tourist area in western Yunnan; Longling governs 10 townships (towns). The county has a population of 270,000, 23 ethnic groups, 4 ethnic minorities who have lived for generations, 4 Tens of thousands of Chinese and overseas Chinese are distributed in more than 20 countries and regions; Longling has very convenient transportation, with National Highway 320 passing through it. It is 30 kilometers away from Mangshi Airport and 120 kilometers away from Baoshan Airport. Baolong Expressway will be completed in 2008 Open to traffic. "There are flowers all year round and it often rains, but one winter without snow you can hear thunder."

The unique climate has created the fertility and beauty of Longling. The county has a land area of ??2,884 square kilometers and a water energy reserve of 54.

590,000 kilowatts, the per capita water resources are five times that of the country. The average annual rainfall is 2110 mm, and it is known as the "Rain Screen of Western Yunnan". The forest coverage rate reaches 54%.

6%, it is a veritable natural oxygen bar. 201 species of animals, 1213 species of plants, abundant non-metallic mineral deposits such as coal, silica, kaolin and limestone, and 16 metallic mineral deposits including lead, zinc, tin, copper and iron make this place a paradise for animals and plants and an ideal place for industrial development. land.

Throughout the ages, Longling has been the choke point from western Yunnan to Myanmar and India, and a must-have for military strategists. During World War II, the Burma Highway ran across the county. As the main anti-Japanese battlefield in western Yunnan in the China, Burma, and India war zones, Songshan was called "Gibraltar of the East" by American military strategists.

In May 1944, the Chinese Expeditionary Force, with the support of the U.S. Air Force, forcibly crossed the Nu River, kicking off the counterattack in western Yunnan. The 160,000-strong expeditionary force lasted more than half a year and conducted more than 100 operations, launching the famous Songshan Campaign. Battles for fortifications, battles for county towns, and siege and annihilation battles at Pingda and Xiangda. There are still many relics left in Longling County such as the Songshan Anti-Japanese War Site, the Baita Japanese Army Headquarters, the Japanese Army Military and Political Team Headquarters, and the Dongjiagou Wei'an Institute.

Longling not only has a rich cultural heritage of the Anti-Japanese War, but also has beautiful scenery and high-grade tourism resources. Within the territory, there is the Banglazhang Hot Mineral Spring Tourist Resort, which integrates treatment, recuperation, scientific research, and leisure vacation, and is known as the "magic soup and strange water"; there is Bangmiao Lake with green water and beautiful mountains and rivers; Mengnuo Immortal Cave with a quiet path and a river in the cave; the tropical scenery of Sanjiangkou with the grandeur of the first bay of the Yangtze River; the primeval forest of Xiaoheishan Provincial Nature Reserve and many other scenic spots that make people forget to leave... Western Yunnan The famous Anti-Japanese War city Longling looks forward to your visit.

3. The story of the Battle of Longling

In the winter of 1943, the German fascists suffered heavy blows on the Soviet battlefield and suffered successive defeats; the Japanese invaders fought the US military island by island in the Pacific battlefield, and were hampered at every turn, and the situation was not good. Due to the vastness of the battlefield and the dispersed troops, there was already insufficient distribution. Therefore, most of the troops on the Yunnan-Burma Road were transferred to other places, and the tactics of clinging to strongholds along the Yunnan-Burma Road were changed to buy time, hoping that the German invaders would be able to defeat the Soviet Union after their victory. China joins forces.

In 1942, I served as an intelligence staff officer in the 87th Division of the 11th Group Army of the Yunnan Expeditionary Force. I was stationed on the front line of the Nu River and faced off with the Japanese army across the river; The line was blocked and cut off by the enemy, and U.S. aid supplies to China were stranded in India and could not be transported into China. Therefore, the counterattack on the Yunnan-Burma Road was imminent. However, the current enemy situation was still unclear. The Chongqing Military Command had also ordered an immediate investigation and report. . The 87th Division once sent a reinforced company (Fu Yubai Division) to sneak across the river, ambush a Japanese mail truck, kill seven enemy people, and capture four large packages of mail. After I sorted it out all night, I learned that the enemy in front of me was Watanabe of the 56th Division. The main force is 22,500 people from the main force, and there are about 10,000 left-behind and logistics troops from the 18th Division and the 2nd Division. The total force is about 38,000, guarding the Yunnan-Burma and Ledo roads and nearly 20 people on both sides. With cities and hundreds of strongholds, one can imagine how dispersed their troops are.

The counterattack on the Burma Road began in the winter of 1943. This combat mission was organized by the Yunnan Expeditionary Force, including three divisions of the 71st Army under Song Xilian of the 11th Army, two divisions of Zheng Tingji of the 54th Army, two divisions of Wang Lingyun's 2nd Army of the 9th Army, Guan Linwei's two divisions, and Du Yuming's 200th Army of the Fifth Army. Division, as well as the Preliminary 2nd Division Gu Baoyu's Department, the New 28th Division Liu Bolong's Department, and the New 39th Division, the Honorable 1st Division, the Heavy Artillery Regiment, the Heavy Mortar Regiment and other units, with a total strength of 100,000, preparing to attack from Yunnan, Burma, Ledo The two highways go hand in hand.

The Chennault 14th Air Force of the US Volunteer Army also assisted in the operation. Nearly 30,000 people from the Sun Liren Department of the New 1st Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India, the Liao Yaoxiang Department of the New 6th Army, as well as the 8th Independent Engineer Regiment, the 26th Motor Vehicle Regiment and other units are preparing to advance from the border between India and Myanmar into China.

The commander-in-chief of the Yunnan Expeditionary Force was first Chen Cheng and Huang Qixiang, and then Wei Lihuang and Huang Jie. In the spring of 1944, I was sent to represent the 11th Army to attend the Southwest Intelligence Staff Conference of the Military Command Department in Chongqing. The day after I returned to the 87th Division headquarters in Youwang Town, Baoshan, Yunnan, the division commander Zhang Shaoxun (Guangdong native, Huangpu 5th period) held a pre-war military meeting for the division. The meeting was attended by Deputy Division Commander Huang Yan, Deputy Political Division Commander Xie Shuzhou, Chief of Staff Wang Xinwen, Director of Staff Wang Nuanian, Operations Officer Ni Jinyi and myself, 259th Regiment Commander Nie Shuhuai, 260th Regiment Commander Jia Hongru, 261st Regiment Commander Yu Haoru, as well as commanders of direct anti-aircraft artillery, communications, transportation, and engineering companies; Lieutenant Colonel Austin, head of the liaison staff of the U.S. Military Advisory Group, attended the meeting.

The division commander first conveyed and explained the army’s combat orders and deployment, the significance and purpose of the counterattack on the Burma Road, as well as the current enemy situation and the order of battle and division of troops of our division. The division decided to use the 259th Regiment as the advance regiment to cross the Nujiang River in the dark and sneak across the river. Through small roads, they went straight to Huangcaoba, a strategic point on the Yunnan-Burma Road, and occupied it in one fell swoop to cut off the enemy's traffic from Longling to Songshan. At the same time, I was sent to lead a detachment of the intelligence team to follow the advance group to collect enemy information. The other groups were waiting for detailed combat orders and acted in a timely manner.

That night, I led the 16-member armed intelligence team to gather at the headquarters of the 259th Regiment of Shidian Town Division. At about 10 o'clock at night, I took a rubber boat with the leading soldiers of the regiment to cross the river smoothly from Daheidu to The whole regiment completed crossing the river before dawn without encountering resistance, which proved that the enemy's troops were insufficient and their defenses were empty. I immediately strode towards Huangcaoba on the Yunnan-Burma Road, passed through the small road that afternoon, and occupied Huangcaoba in one fell swoop.

This place is only more than 20 miles away from Longling County. It is a key point on the highway between Longling and Songshan stronghold. The enemy has built bathing places for officers and soldiers, car parking places and other facilities here. Because the enemy relied on strong defenses and adopted tactics of clinging to their strongholds without attacking or retreating, our army was unable to attack and advance along the Yunnan-Burma Road in a sequential manner.

At that time, he was instructed by Commander-in-Chief Wei Lihuang: to adopt the "sausage tactic", which was to tie up the enemy section by section like stuffing sausages with them, and use the tactic of encircling and dividing them and eliminating them one by one. For example, the enemy besieged the Songshan stronghold on the edge of the Nu River, and the Leduo Highway besieged Weiteng County, cutting off each other and unable to communicate with them.

Therefore, our army carried out operations intermittently and had no supply lines. We relied entirely on air drops for supplies. The battle lines were too long and deep. In addition, during the rainy season in western Yunnan, fog shrouded us from time to time, and air drops also encountered difficulties. After the 259th Regiment of our division captured Huangcaoba, it immediately returned to the east and attacked the enemy defenders at Dam Town behind the enemy-controlled Songshan stronghold about 30 miles away from Huangcaoba. The New 28th Division and the New 39th Division were besieging Songshan at that time. Great sacrifices and no progress.

As our division attacked the dam, it greatly encouraged the friendly forces. Our division fought fiercely at the dam for 8 hours before conquering the town. More than 200 of the enemy were killed, 5 were captured alive, and more than 50 of the remaining enemies fled to hide in the nearby jungle.

Our army also suffered more than 30 casualties. After interrogating the prisoners, it was learned that the enemy defending Dam Town was a large group of remaining troops of the Japanese 2nd and 18th Divisions. There was a warehouse there, so the officers and soldiers of our 259th Regiment gained a lot, in addition to a large amount of loot. Weapons and equipment were handed over. The officers and soldiers changed into Japanese-style attire from the helmets on their heads to the leather shoes on their feet. They bundled the surrendered military coats, military blankets, cans, fuel, etc. into backpacks. Each person carried a bundle. They were simply dressed up. An "Imperial Army".

The enemy, who were dispersed by the dam collapse, were fully armed and fled to the jungle about five miles away from Huangba. The division commander Zhang Shaoxun ordered me to take two spies and a group of armed soldiers to escort a prisoner and shout for surrender. . I then searched and advanced with two spies at the front. I walked with the Japanese prisoners in the middle. After the weapons were broken, we just pulled to the sharp turn of the dense forest trail. The enemy fired at us with intensive machine gun fire. The two spies in the lead were killed immediately. , I immediately ordered all personnel to lie down, and at the same time ordered the Japanese prisoner Matsuyama Ichiro to shout in Japanese, asking them to cease fire and surrender their guns without killing. As a result, the more shouting and shooting became more fierce, I had to stop advancing and return to the division to regain orders, but failed to recruit them to surrender.

After our 87th Division received the order to attack Longling, it immediately returned to the west with the 259th Regiment, which was highly motivated by two victories, to serve as the main attack. The division headquarters also advanced from Huangcaoba to just a short distance from Longling. A brick kiln on the edge of the 8-mile road. The siege of the city began at dusk that night and encountered stubborn resistance from the enemy.

Due to poor pre-war reconnaissance work, it was difficult to distinguish the terrain of Longling City at night. After 6 hours of fierce fighting, as soon as the regiment's attacking troops entered the city streets, the regiment leader Nie. 4. Historical introduction to the Anti-Japanese War in Western Yunnan

Anti-Japanese War in Western Yunnan

At the turn of the spring and summer of 1942, after the Japanese invaders captured Burma, they immediately extended the war demon into western Yunnan in an attempt to Drive straight in along the Yunnan-Burma Road, and then trap us in the whole of Yunnan, threatening Chongqing. Since then, "dark clouds have pressed down on the city, threatening to destroy it." Baoshan, located on the edge of Southwest Antarctica, has suddenly transformed from the rear of the Anti-Japanese War to the forefront.

On May 4th, the Japanese invaded Longling and sent 54 planes at the same time to carry out a brutal and indiscriminate bombing of Baoshan, a thousand-year-old city without air defense; on the 5th, the Japanese forwards approached in disguise The strategically important Huitong Bridge was effectively blocked by our defenders; on the 10th, the Japanese army invaded the border town of Tengchong. At this point, a large area of ??land west of the Nu River fell into enemy hands. The 71st Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force fortified and defended the east bank of the Nujiang River with a total length of more than 250 kilometers from Lichaiba in the north to Sanjiangkou in the south. After many battles, it thwarted the Japanese army's attempt to advance eastward and stabilized the war situation. They faced off across the river for two years. During this period, the 2nd Preparatory Division and the 36th Preparatory Division crossed the river and entered Teng successively to cooperate with the people in guerrilla warfare and severely damaged the enemy many times.

At that time, after the Burma Highway, which had once been my country's only land-based international transportation artery, was cut off, a large amount of military supplies to aid China could only be transported by the US Air Force through the "Hump Route", which was full of difficulties and extremely risky. It is large and difficult to guarantee. In order to regain control of and utilize the Burma Road, the lifeline of the war, six divisions of the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India and the British and Indian troops jointly launched a counterattack against the Japanese troops in northern Burma in late October 1943, and achieved initial results. On April 17 of the following year, the enriched and strengthened Chinese Expeditionary Force made a counterattack plan across the river. General Wei Lizu led the commander's headquarters to set up camp at Mawangtun in Baoshan, mobilized and commanded the 11th and 12th troops. The 16 divisions of the group army, with 160,000 troops, launched a deadly attack on the left and right wings against the stubborn enemy who had been away from Tenglong's front line for two years.

Starting from May 11, General Huo Kuizhang led the right-wing 20th Army to forcefully cross the Nu River and attack Gaoligong Mountain. After more than 40 bloody battles day and night, he finally regained the border town of Tengchong on September 14. This battle involved hundreds of battles, large and small, and more than 6,000 Japanese troops guarding Tengjing were completely wiped out.

Starting from May 22, General Song Xilian led the left-wing 11th Army to advance westward and launched the Songshan Battle, which shocked the world with its tragic battle results. On September 7, he conquered the main peak of Songshan and created the In the history of China's Anti-Japanese War, more than 3,000 enemy defenders were annihilated without a single person slipping through the net. Then, the unit attacked and advanced along the Yunnan-Burma Road, expanding its results: it recaptured Longling on November 3, and then captured Mangshi, Zhefang, and Wanding. On January 27 of the following year, it joined forces with the northern Burmese expeditionary force at Mang on the border. Friends and teachers. At this point, the counterattack in western Yunnan, which lasted for more than eight months, was a complete victory, with a total of more than 21,000 enemy troops annihilated and all lost territory in western Yunnan recovered.

The Anti-Japanese War in Western Yunnan was an important part of China’s Anti-Japanese War and an important part of the world’s anti-fascist war. In this heroic and tragic war, the people of all ethnic groups in Baoshan shared the same hatred for the enemy and gave everything they had to cooperate with the army to punish traitors internally and defend powerful enemies externally. They made outstanding contributions to the cause of national liberation, and at the same time made huge sacrifices. According to statistics, during the two years and eight months, Baoshan suffered the tragic death of more than 90,000 civilians; 24,600 migrant workers sacrificed their lives; 28,000 houses were destroyed; and suffered 520 Japanese bombings - only the "May Fourth" On the day "Bombed", except for the northeastern corner of Baoshan City, all the bustling streets, residential areas, government agencies, schools and public places were indiscriminately bombed by Japanese planes and turned into ruins. 10,134 people were killed on the spot, and 3,267 buildings were destroyed. Houses were destroyed, the thousand-year-old city was suddenly covered in corpses and blood, and the wind was fierce. After that, the plague spread and claimed the lives of more than 60,000 people (according to research, this was a crime committed by the crazy Japanese invaders who dropped bacterial bombs)... However, after the catastrophe, the people of Baoshan still gritted their teeth and joined the army. Join the army, support the front, and work the army until the final victory is won. 5. The historical evolution of Baoshan

Baoshan is one of the birthplaces of ancient mankind.

At the "Puhuang Man" site unearthed in the territory, a large number of house remains, fire remains, working tools, animal fossils and other types of physical specimens, including more than 2,300 that can be identified, were excavated, forming a comprehensive This thick, wordless history book with vivid and vivid images has been identified as having a history of at least 8,000 years. Tribal states existed in Baoshan at least more than 3,000 years ago.

Before the influence of the Han Dynasty touched the territory of Baoshan, the ancestors of the Dai people had already established the tribal state "Mengzhang" in the Baoshan Basin ("Meng" in Dai means "place, country", "Zhang" means "palm"). ("Xiang", "Mengzhang" means "the land of the elephant" or "the country of the elephant"); Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian described "Mengzhang" as the "Chengxiang Kingdom" in his "Historical Records". In 425 BC, the small Dai tribal countries in the middle and upper reaches of the Lancang River and Nu River formed an alliance country with "Mengzhang" as the center. "Mengzhang" was called "Mengdaguang" by other small countries (meaning "the central country" in Dai language); "Meng" means "place, city-state, country", "Daguang" means "the place where eyes are focused", extending to "center, center" or "boss" or "big brother"), the leader of "Mengzhang" became The leader of the entire alliance country is called "Zhaolong" (meaning "king") by the people of various countries, and "Ailong" (meaning "big brother") by the leaders of various countries; "Huayang Guozhi", " Chinese classics such as "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" [5] describe this alliance country as "Ailao Kingdom" ("Ailao" is the altered pronunciation of "Ailong" in Dai language). Later Dai classics describe this alliance country as "Da". Guangguo".

In 109 BC, the Han Dynasty conquered the tribes and countries east of "Mengdaguang" (Ailao Kingdom) such as the Jiao (surrounding Erhai Lake), Kunming (east of Erhai Lake), and Dian (surrounding Dianchi Lake) Establish "Yizhou County" and extend its power into "Mengdaguang" (Ailao Kingdom) to establish Buwei (today's Longyang), Xitang (today's Yunlong Caojian), Bisu (today's Yunlong), Xielong (today's Yunlong) Today's Weishan) and other counties (strongholds); later, "Mengdaguang" moved the royal city from "Mengzhang" (Baoshan Basin) east of the Nujiang River to "Mengmian" (Tengchong Basin) west of the Nujiang River to avoid The threat of the Han Dynasty. In 47 AD, "Zhao Duguang" (King Ailao) Xianli sent an envoy to visit the prefect of Yueju County in the Han Dynasty, and asked the eunuch of Yuejiu County to convey his intention of surrender to the Han emperor; in the same year, "Mengda Guang" (King Ailao) country) became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty.

In 69 AD, "Zhao Daguang" (King Ailao) Liu Maung brought his 77 town kings, more than 50,000 households, and more than 550,000 people to the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty occupied the early period. Ailao County (the area from the east of the Nu River to the Erhai Lake) was set aside as a county, and together with the Ailao County (west of the Nu River) that later surrendered, Yongchang County was established; Yongchang County governed Ailao County (the area west of the Nu River), Buwei County (Baoshan) Basin), Ditang County (Caojian Basin), Bisu County (Yunlong River Valley Flat), Xielong County (Weishan Basin), Yeyu County (Erhai Basin), Yunnan County (Xiangyun Basin), Bonan County ( Yongping Basin) and other 8 counties and dozens of subordinate cities, Ailao County was set up in the area west of the Nu River controlled by "Mengdaguang", ***8 counties were combined in the central city of "Mengzhang" (Baoshan Basin) "Yunzhang" established Yongchang County ("Yongchang" is another way of writing "Yunzhang", which means "Xiangcheng"), and it was governed by "Zhao Daguang" (King Ailao) and the governor of Yongchang County. . The establishment of Yongchang County went through the Eastern Han, Shu Han, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Song (Southern Dynasty), Qi (Southern Dynasty), Liang (Southern Dynasty) and other dynasties; however, after the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, the establishment of Yongchang County was in name only, and the officials appointed by the court could not take office; After Chen (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang (Southern Dynasty), the dynasties in mainland China completely abandoned Yongchang County, and all the native counties in Yongchang were governed autonomously.

From the establishment of Yongchang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty in 69 AD to the abandonment of Yongchang County by the Chen Dynasty in 557 AD, Yongchang County existed in Chinese history for 488 years. In 738 AD, the "Mengshe" (Xielong County in the Han Dynasty, today's Weishan County) Dai people (Ailao people) entered the Erhai Basin and established the "Mengshelong" (Chinese translation of "Nanzhao Kingdom"); in 762 AD, "Meng Shelong" (Nanzhao Kingdom) unified all the tribes west of the Lancang River and established Yongchang Jiedu.

In 902 AD, Zheng Maisi, a powerful Han official of "Meng Shelong" (Nanzhao Kingdom), killed the King of Nanzhao and more than 800 Nanzhao nobles, and established the "Dachanghe Kingdom". The Erhai Basin fell into Chaos; In 937 AD, Duan Siping, the former Nanzhao Kingdom's Tonghai Jiedushi envoy, quelled the chaos in the Erhai area, established the "Dali Kingdom", inherited the political legacy of the Nanzhao Kingdom, and still established Yongchang Jiedu (later changed to Yongchang Prefecture). In 1253 AD, the Mongolian Khan Kublai Khan led his army southward along the Sichuan-Tibet border to destroy the Dali Kingdom. He successively pacified the eight prefectures, four counties, four towns, and thirty-seven tribes of the Dali Kingdom. He established 3,000 households in Yongchang in Baoshan, which was subordinate to Dali Shang. Ten Thousand Households; in 1274 AD, the Yuan Dynasty established Yunnan and other places in Xingzhongshu Province (Yunnan Province), removed ten thousand households, one thousand households, one hundred households and other military and political areas under one unified jurisdiction, and established administrative districts such as roads, prefectures, prefectures, and counties, and Yongchang Three Qianhu was changed to Yongchang Prefecture (later upgraded to a prefecture), which was affiliated to Dali Road; in 1286 AD, the Xuanfu Division of Dali and other places, the Xuanfu Division of Zhenkangmang Shirouyuan and other roads, and the Xuanfu Division of Zhenxi Pingmian Luchuan and other roads were merged into The Xuanfu Division of the Dali Golden Teeth Division was located in Yongchang Prefecture, Dali Road; in 1291 AD, the Xuanfu Division of the Dali Golden Teeth Division was promoted to the Marshal's Mansion of the Xuanwei Division of the Dali Golden Teeth Division, and took charge of western Yunnan on behalf of the Yunnan Province. The area is still governed by Yongchang Mansion on Dali Road.

In 1312 AD, the Dai leader Sihanfa of "Mengmao" (Ruili River Valley Basin) annexed the surrounding areas and established "Mengmao Nong" (Luchuan Kingdom); in 1316 AD, "Mengmao" Nong" (Luchuan Kingdom) expanded eastward and occupied Yongchang; Baoshan became the territory of "Mengmaonong" (Luchuan Kingdom). In 1355 AD, "Mengmaonong" (Luchuan Kingdom) surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, and the area under its control was established as the Ping-Myan Xuanwei Division; Baoshan belonged to the "Mengzhang" area of ??the Ping-Myan Xuanwei Division.

In 1382 AD, the Yuan Dynasty forces that defeated Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty established the Yunnan Capital Command and Envoys Division (military organization) and entered the "Mengmao Nong" (Pingyang Burma Xuanwei Division) in the territory east of the Nu River. The Wei Command Department (military organization) and Yongchang Prefecture (administrative organization); in 1384 AD, "Mengmaonong" surrendered to the Ming Dynasty under pressure, and the area under its control was established as the Lucchuan Pingmian Xuanwei Division; in 1390 AD, the Ming Dynasty abolished The Golden Teeth Guards Command and Envoy Department and the Yongchang Mansion set up the Jin Teeth Military and Civilian Command and Envoy Division to oversee the military and political affairs of the Jin Teeth Territory (note: "Gold Teeth" means Dabai, "Yin Te" means Xiao Paiyi, now the Dai people); Today, Baoshan belongs to the Golden Teeth Military and Civilian Command Department. After 1399 AD, the Ming Dynasty gradually "analyzed the Lucchuan area" (leaving Lucchuan Pingmian Xuanwei Division to only the southern part of Lianghe and Mang today. 6. The legend of Longling, Baoshan, Yunnan, Universe, Earth, Asia, China

Overview of Longling County Longling County is located in the west of Yunnan Province.

The total area of ??Longling County is 2,884 square kilometers and the total population is 270,000.

County people*. **Zhulongshan Town, Postal Code: 678300. Code: 530523.

Area code: 0875. Pinyin: Longling xian.

Geographical location The geographical coordinates are 98 East Longitude. 25′ to 99.

ll′, 24 North latitude. 07′ to 24.

The maximum distance from east to west of 5O′ County is 64 kilometers, and the maximum span from north to south is 78 kilometers. In order from southeast to northwest.

It borders Shidian, Yongde, Zhenkang, Myanmar, Luxi, Lianghe, Tengchong and Longyang respectively, with a total border length of 19.71 kilometers. The total area of ??the county is 2884 square kilometers.

Administrative divisions Longling County is located in the west of Yunnan Province. Longling County governs 3 towns, 7 townships, and 1 ethnic township: Longshan Town, Zhen'an Town, Mengnuo Town, Hetou Township, Longjiang Township, Lameng Township, Bizhai Township, Longxin Township, and Xiangda Township , Pingda Township, Mucheng Yi and Lisu Township.

Historical evolution In 2000, Longling County governed 2 towns and 10 townships: Longshan Town, Zhenan Town, Hetou Township, Lameng Township, Longjiang Township, Longxin Township, Xiangda Township, Pingda Township, Mengnuo Township, Tianning Township, Bizhai Township, Mucheng Yi and Lisu Township. According to the fifth census data: the total population of the county is 260,097, including the population of each township (person): Longshan Town 28833 Zhenan Town 39569 Hetou Township 14205 Longjiang Township 27099 Lameng Township 19875 Bizhai Township 11382 Tianning Township 8818 Longxin Township 28287 Xiangda Township 32697 Pingda Township 24943 Mengnuo Township 16355 Mucheng Yi and Lisu Township 8034.

In 2005, Longling County abolished Tianning Township and placed the three village committees of Tianning, Potou and Banpo under the jurisdiction of Tianning Township under the jurisdiction of Longxin Township, and placed Sanjia Village and Xinlin Village under the jurisdiction of Longxin Township. The two village committees are placed under the jurisdiction of Bizhai Township. In 2006, the three village committees of Tianning, Potou and Banpo in Longxin Township were placed under the jurisdiction of Bizhai Township.

Physical Geography Longling is a mountainous county, located between the Nu River and the Longchuan River. The Gaoligong Mountains extend into the county from north to south. The terrain is high in the middle and slopes east to west. The entire territory is steep and steep. , with undulating hills and crisscrossing rivers, the highest altitude is 3001.6 meters, the lowest altitude is 535 meters, and the vertical height difference is 2466.6 meters. Longling County has the climate characteristics of low latitude, monsoon and mountain topography.

It forms a subtropical mountain monsoon climate with small temperature differences among the four seasons, distinct dry and wet seasons, and prominent vertical variability. The southwest is affected by the warm and humid air currents from the Indian Ocean, causing the windward slope in the west to be rainy and not very hot in summer.

The leeward rainfall in the east is moderate, and there are no drastic changes in cold or heat. The annual average temperature is 14.9 ℃.

The coldest month is January, with an average monthly temperature of 7.4 ℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 22.9℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is 3.8℃.

Due to the complex terrain and large vertical height difference, the area is divided into six climate zones: northern tropical zone, southern subtropical zone, central subtropical zone, northern subtropical zone, southern temperate zone and mid-temperate zone. The territory has beautiful mountains and rivers and is like spring all year round.

Natural resources Longling County is rich in natural resources. In addition to the Nu River in the east and the Longchuan River in the west, there are 44 large and small rivers in the water resources area, distributed in various towns and villages in the county. The water resources are 45 times the national population of 2,700 cubic meters, and the preliminary proven water conservancy and electricity reserves are 545,900 kilowatts. It is the county with the largest power development in Baoshan City.

Underground mineral deposits include lignite, lead, zinc, niobium, tantalum, tin, iron, lead, beryllium, copper, silver, tungsten, sulfur, gold, marble, silicon, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, etc. Longling is located in a mountainous area and is extremely rich in forest resources. The forest coverage rate is 54.6%, and there are more than 1,000 species of higher plants. Among the national first-level protected tree species are bald cedar and T. alba; second-level protected species include Yunnan camellia and Liriodendron tulipifera. , Ginkgo biloba; those under third-level protection include nanmu, red toon, banksia, dichocarpa, white osmanthus, etc. Good forest coverage provides good growth conditions for wild animals. Rare and rare animals include peacocks, jungle fowls, and white pheasants. , hornbills, golden pheasants, parrots, mandarin ducks, tigers, leopards, red deer, bears, loris, gibbons, etc.

Tourism resources Longling tourism resources, the main anti-Japanese battlefield in western Yunnan - the site of the Songshan Battle anti-Japanese battlefield known as the "Gibraltar of the East", Banglazhang, which is known as the "magic soup and strange water" at home and abroad The Hot Mineral Spring Tourist Resort includes the Bao Bahu Mountain Park, the cave wonders of the Mengnuo Immortal Cave, the Xiaoheishan Primitive Forest Nature Reserve, the Qingzishan Reservoir Ecological Tourism Area, the unique Sanjiangkou scenery of the Nujiang Grand Canyon, and the world Rare plant Cynophylla group scenic area, etc. Longling has a pleasant climate and rich species. It is also an important route of the "Southwestern Ancient Silk Road". The culture of the Central Plains and the colorful border ethnic cultures are integrated and complement each other.

The county's tourism resources can cover mountains, rocks, springs, forests, water, caves, ethnic customs, etc. It is a treasure land for ecological tourism, adventure tourism, science and education tourism, and a good place for leisure and vacation. Traffic conditions: At present, the length of roads in Longling County is 1,548.16 kilometers, the road density is 57.9 kilometers per 10,000 people, and there are 53.68 kilometers of roads per 100 square kilometers. According to the administrative level: 58 kilometers of national roads, 173.76 kilometers of provincial roads, and 479.4 county roads. kilometers, 726.6 kilometers of rural roads, 110.4 kilometers of special roads, divided by technical level: 22 kilometers of second-class roads, 61 kilometers of third-class roads, 930.97 kilometers of fourth-class roads, and 534.19 kilometers of external roads; divided by road surface grade: 251.38 kilometers of asphalt pavement , there are 219.33 kilometers of marble pavement, 341.8 kilometers of sand and gravel pavement, and 735.64 kilometers of soil pavement. Basically, it forms a framework with the county as the center, national highways, provincial highways and economic trunk lines as the skeleton, radiating to 12 townships (towns) and 121 villages in the county. Highway transportation network of committees and factories, mines, border defenses, garrisons, forest areas, sugarcane areas, and tourist areas.

A highway passenger transport network and a vehicle maintenance and rescue network that are compatible with the highway network have also been basically formed. The county has 195 passenger vehicles and 270 operating trucks; 2 Category II maintenance enterprises; 170 Category III maintenance enterprises; 22 passenger lines have been opened, and 249 passenger vehicles are dispatched daily.

Economic development The county’s cultivated land area is 406,000 acres, and the per capita cultivated land area of ??the agricultural population is 1.66 acres. It mainly grows food crops such as rice, wheat, corn, and beans, as well as cash crops such as sugar cane, flue-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, rape, coffee, cassava, tea, and dried fruits.

It has been listed as a commercial grain base county, a dried fruit base county and a national tea production base county in Yunnan Province. Longling County is one of the key overseas Chinese hometowns and is a county open to foreigners.

Since the reform and opening up, Longling's economy has maintained rapid growth. In 2003, its GDP was 854.8 million yuan, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year on a comparable basis. Farmland, water conservancy, transportation, energy, communications, broadcasting. 7. What is the history of Baoshan City?

Baoshan was called Yongchang in ancient times. Historically, it was the habitat of the earliest primitive inhabitants of western Yunnan, the Puhui people; in the middle of the Warring States Period, it was the ruling center of the ancient Ailao Kingdom; in 109 BC, the Han Dynasty established counties and officials here, and "Ailao began to decline. "; In 69 AD, Ailao King Liu Mao was "internally affiliated", and Yongchang County, the predecessor of Baoshan City, was established. Documentary records show that Yongchang County at that time had a very large area, roughly equivalent to the vast areas of western Yunnan, southern Yunnan and northern Myanmar today, with 231,897 households and 1,897,344 people. In terms of area, it was the second largest county in the world in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Since then, through the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the emperor changed his surname several times, the Yongchang County system existed and was abolished, and the territory under its jurisdiction also expanded and contracted. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Baoshan first belonged to Nanzhao and was the city's governor of Yongchang. Photos of city attractions (18 photos); then it was returned to Dali, where it still inherited the title of Jiedu in the early stage and was later changed to Yongchang Prefecture. Both local ethnic governments established their capitals in Dali, and relied on Baoshan as their base for westward development. In the early Yuan Dynasty, there were three thousand households in Yongchang, which was under the jurisdiction of Shangwanhu Prefecture in Dali. Later, Yongchang Prefecture, Dali Jinzhi and other places were successively established, including the Xuanwei Sidu Marshal's Mansion (the Marshal's Mansion was not in Dali but in Baoshan). In the Ming Dynasty, the Jinzhi Military and Civilian Command Department and the Yongchang Military and Civilian Mansion were successively established. The current name "Baoshan" was first used in the third year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1524 AD) when Baoshan County was established as "Fufuguo". In the Qing Dynasty, Yongchang Prefecture was established, with one territorial prefecture, two departments, counties, Tuzhous, and chief official divisions each, three pacification divisions, and five Xuanfu divisions. It was the prefecture with the most territorial prefectures and county-level administrative divisions and the most complex governance in the province.

After the Revolution of 1911, the government was abolished and counties were established in 1913. Because there was a county under Jinshui City in Gansu Province named Yongchang, it was renamed Baoshan. At the same time, Tengyue Road was established in Tengchong, its original jurisdiction, and its jurisdiction was equivalent to today's Baoshan and Lincang. , Lijiang, Dali, Dehong, Nujiang, and Diqing; in 1930, the First Colonial Border Supervision Office was established, with jurisdiction over 12 counties and 10 administrative districts; in 1940, the administrative supervision of Tenglong Border District was established; in 1942, the Sixth District was established The Office of the Administrative Inspectorate was moved to Baoshan; in 1948, the Office of the Twelfth Administrative Inspectorate was reestablished, and the administrative office was moved to Tengchong, with jurisdiction over 4 counties and 7 administrative bureaus.

Baoshan is named after the city is located in the west of Mount Taibao.

Baoshan City was established in December 2000 with the approval of the State Council. Its predecessor, Baoshan District, was founded on December 28, 1949. At that time, it had a very wide jurisdiction, with 7 counties and 7 administrative bureaus, including all of today's Baoshan and Dehong and parts of Lincang and Nujiang. After several adjustments, formed the current pattern. That is, one district and four counties: Longyang District, Shidian County, Tengchong County, Longling County and Changning County. Baoshan has a relatively good natural environment, so orchids are very suitable for planting there. Therefore, it has become a custom for Baoshan people to dig orchids, raise orchids, and buy and sell orchids. So Baoshan won the title of "Orchid City". 8. Introduction to the Battle of Longling

The Chinese Expeditionary Force was an army sent by *** to fight in Burma (Myanmar) in 1942. At that time, the Japanese army had occupied two-thirds of China's territory. * ** While holding on to southwest China, the Japanese army invaded Burma. Chiang Kai-shek thought that if the Japanese army occupied Burma, China's western gate would not be protected, so Chiang Kai-shek would send an expeditionary force to fight in Burma and defend Burma.

This is the Chinese Expeditionary Force. Note: The expeditionary force went on two expeditions in 1942 and 1944.

Longling is located in today's western Yunnan (western Yunnan). The Battle of Longling was a battle between the expeditionary force and the Japanese army in Longling, and it was part of the (China's) Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945). I am a junior high school student. This is what I understand. If the above answers are helpful to you, please choose mine.