The country’s agricultural-benefiting policies have brought great benefits to farmers

--Part 1

In 2004, the No. 1 Central Document led farmers to increase their income by 6.8% and increase grain production by 9%. In 2005, the No. 1 Central Document was released. Policies to further promote the stable increase in grain production and the sustained increase in farmers' income. How valuable are the 27 policies to benefit farmers?

Agricultural tax reductions and exemptions are "accelerated"

Background: 25 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country have successively announced that all agricultural taxes will be exempted. The country is expected to abolish all agricultural taxes two years ahead of schedule and within three years.

New highlights of the No. 1 document: "Further expand the scope of agricultural tax exemptions and increase agricultural tax reductions." "Implement agricultural tax exemption pilots in key counties for national poverty alleviation and development work, and further reduce agricultural tax rates in other areas "Carry out pilot projects to eliminate animal husbandry taxes in pastoral areas." "Where conditions permit, pilot projects for agricultural tax exemptions may be decided independently." Comments: The No. 1 central document in 2004 proposed exemptions for all products except tobacco. The tax on agricultural specialties and the reduction and exemption of agricultural taxes have reduced the burden on farmers by 30.2 billion yuan, greatly exceeding the target of 23.89 billion yuan expected at the beginning of the year. In 2005, the central government intensified the policy of "two exemptions and reductions" and worked hard to establish a long-term mechanism to reduce the burden on farmers.

Increase subsidies for grain farmers

Background: There are many reasons for the increase in farmers' income in 2004. One of the key reasons is that the policy directly reduces farmers' burden and increases their income. Among the five most popular policies among farmers last year, in addition to the "two exemptions and exemptions", there are also the "three subsidies", from which farmers benefited 45.1 billion yuan.

New highlights of the No. 1 document: "Continue to implement direct subsidies for grain farmers, and local governments with conditions can further increase subsidies." "The central government will continue to increase subsidies for improved seeds and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery." "The central government must take effective measures to reward and subsidize major grain-producing counties through transfer payments based on factors such as grain sown area, output, and commodity volume."

Comment: In order to ensure a stable increase in grain production, this year The central government continues to stabilize and improve relevant policies to support grain production. Farmers are highly motivated to grow grain. The area sown in autumn and winter has increased by more than 20 million acres compared with last year. The momentum of stable increase in grain production and continuous increase in farmers' income will continue.

Funds to support agriculture will exceed the previous year

Background: In 2004, the central budget budget allocated 30 billion yuan more for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" than the previous year. The fiscal policies and measures to support agriculture are so powerful, implemented quickly and effectively, and farmers benefit so much that they have rarely been seen in many years.

New highlights of the No. 1 document: "It is necessary to legislate as soon as possible to institutionalize and standardize the country's major agricultural support policies." "We must make up our minds to adjust the national income distribution structure and stabilize existing agricultural inputs. On the basis of this, new fiscal expenditures and fixed asset investments must be effectively tilted toward agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and a stable agricultural investment growth mechanism should be gradually established. "Special funds for subsidies for the construction of small farmland water conservancy facilities should be established."

Comment: In 2004, the central government actively implemented the "two exemptions and three subsidies" policy, which directly benefited grain farmers. This year, the central government will continue to increase its efforts to support agriculture, and the central government’s new fiscal funds to support agriculture are expected to exceed the previous year.

Rural financial reform is reaching its climax

Background: In 2004, my country's agricultural added value accounted for nearly 15% of GDP, but agriculture accounted for less than 6% of the total loan balance of financial institutions. %.

New highlights of the No. 1 document: "Encourage social capital to actively invest in the development of agriculture and the construction of rural infrastructure." "Gradually reduce the proportion of funding for agricultural-related fixed asset investment in the central and western regions." "Clear financial institutions The proportion of new deposits in institutions and outlets at the county level and below is used to support the development of local agriculture and rural economy. “Where conditions permit, we can explore the establishment of microfinance organizations that are closer to the needs of farmers and rural areas and initiated by natural persons or enterprises. . ”

Comments: In 2004, a new round of reform craze began in rural areas. The scope of rural credit cooperative reform pilots was expanded to 29 provinces, and rural credit cooperatives’ support for agriculture continued to increase rapidly.

However, the reform of the rural financial system lags behind, which still restricts agricultural structural adjustment, rural development and farmers' income increase. Since 2005, the central government has stepped up its efforts to study and formulate an overall rural financial reform plan, promote rural financial reform and innovation, break through the funding bottlenecks in agriculture and rural development, and establish stable funding channels to support agriculture.

Advanced agricultural science and technology has entered thousands of households

Background: my country's agricultural science and technology development level is still lagging behind in the process of continuously narrowing the gap with developed countries. The contribution rate of science and technology in agricultural production is about 40%, while that in developed countries is about 70%. The ability to transform scientific and technological achievements is not strong, with a transformation rate of only about 30%.

New highlights of Document No. 1: "It is necessary to continuously increase the proportion of national science and technology investment in agricultural scientific research, and relevant major scientific and technological projects and key research plans must significantly increase the scale of agricultural scientific research investment." "From 2005 Since then, the country has established a super rice promotion project. "Expand the scale of special subsidies for major agricultural technology promotion projects." "Continue to implement the 'Seed Project' and the 'Livestock and Poultry Aquatic Breed Project'."

Comment: It is better to teach a man to fish than to teach him to fish. Progress in agricultural science and technology is the fundamental way to ensure national food security. The Ministry of Agriculture has recently officially launched the "Agricultural Science and Technology Household Demonstration Project", which will be piloted in 100 counties this year. It will cultivate 100,000 science and technology demonstration households, radiate and drive 2 million farmers, and deliver excellent varieties and advanced technologies to hundreds of millions of farmers.

The state "pays" more for the development of rural social undertakings

Background: In 2004, the central government invested 10 billion yuan in various special funds for rural compulsory education, an increase of 72% over the previous year. %. Support the development of new rural cooperative medical pilots and the construction of rural medical assistance systems.

New highlights of Document No. 1: “It is necessary to implement the stipulation that new funds for education, health, culture, family planning and other undertakings shall be mainly used in rural areas, and the proportion used for counties and below shall not be less than 70%.” By 2007, students from poor families in rural compulsory education across the country will be able to enjoy free textbooks, free miscellaneous fees, and subsidized living expenses for boarding students. "Actively and steadily promote the new rural cooperative medical pilot and rural medical assistance." "Effectively improve rural radio. The level of "access to every village" of television has been improved, and work such as sending books to the countryside, film screenings, and sharing of cultural information resources have been carried out. ”

Comments: The development of social undertakings in rural areas is lagging behind, and the development of social undertakings in the country as a whole. It is also difficult to improve the level. In 2005, the central government determined to "pay more" for the development of rural social undertakings. By increasing investment in rural compulsory education, family planning, cooperative medical care, cultural construction, social assistance, etc., the pace of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society in rural areas was obvious. accelerate.

Part 2

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