How to learn humanistic spirit?

Universities, whether comprehensive universities or universities of science and engineering, should put the cultivation of humanistic spirit in a prominent and important position. The first sentence of "university" in the Four Books is "the way of university is clear in virtue, close to the people and stop at perfection." These four articles do not particularly emphasize knowledge, but emphasize the realm of moral cultivation, being close to the people and pursuing perfection. Abroad, ingels put forward twelve standards of human modernization: being willing to accept new things; Ready to accept social changes and changes; Broad-minded and open-minded; Pay attention to the present and the future, be punctual and cherish time; Strong sense of personal efficacy; Living and working in a planned way; Respect knowledge; Have a sense of dependence and trust; Attach importance to professional technology; Choose to leave the traditionally respected profession and dare to challenge; Mutual understanding, respect and self-esteem; Familiar with production process. In these twelve articles, the content about professional technology and production technology accounts for a small proportion, and most of them are about comprehensive quality.

Today, with the highly developed science and technology and the rapid development of market economy, we must not ignore the cultivation of college students' humanistic spirit and moral realm. We can't train a large number of technocrats. The future society will pay more attention to people-oriented, spiritual life and humanistic feelings. We should avoid the disconnect between the speed of economic development and the level of human development. Peng Xinyi (Vice President of South China University of Technology): People's quality education is a pluralistic issue. Problems encountered by universities now: First, the problem of professional education. Faced with objective factors such as employment pressure, school administrators and educational model designers must consider professional education. Second, equate humanities courses with humanities education. Nowadays, many humanities courses are ideological, and humanities education is too utilitarian and instrumental. We can do it from the following aspects: First, humanities education is a diversified education, and we can consider giving full play to the advantages of various majors and holding school-wide lectures. Second, the majors involved in humanities education courses should strengthen research and professionalism, so as to better support humanities education. Therefore, schools should create a research environment and create a good research atmosphere. Third, pay attention to students' practical ability. Only in practice can humanistic education transform knowledge into ability. Yan Zexian (Chairman of Guangdong Social Science Federation, former President of South China Normal University) Science and humanities are compatible: Are science and humanities compatible? To this end, mankind has experienced three academic wars. These three academic wars were all around science and humanities, and they all went away, which led to the increase of human knowledge. The first time was the debate between science and metaphysics in China in the 1920s and 1930s. The second time was Si Nuo's proposition ── Si Nuo himself is a man with both arts and sciences, and he wants to know whether human beings can bridge the gap between humanities and sciences. The third time was the great scientific debate in the United States in the 1980s. Scientists disdained the study of natural science by humanities workers. Judging from the three academic wars, the war between science and humanities is a long-term war. Second, science and humanities can be integrated. From a historical point of view, science and humanities are unified in source. For example, Aristotle is an encyclopedic figure, and the Renaissance is a beautiful marriage of science and humanities. For example, Leonardo da Vinci was not only a famous painter, but also a scientific inventor and architect. After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, science and humanities were separated. Now, scientism has the upper hand. Our modern education, especially higher education, needs to give full play to subjective initiative, instead of waiting for humanism to return in the historical wave, we should actively cultivate humanistic spirit. The goals and ideas of ancient universities in China are very clear. After the May 4th Movement, science was advocated to save the country. Then it was not until the founding of New China that the concept of education deviated and began to pay attention to the instrumentality of education. Modern education is more instrumental. Children go to school in order to find a good job in the future, and basic education has begun to divide arts and sciences for children to get into a good university. In addition to seeking truth, humanities also require kindness. Science only answers what to do and how to do it, while humanities answers the question of why to do it. Humanities and science cannot be neglected, and the revitalization of a country cannot be separated from science, but without humanistic spirit, there is no backbone. Without the support of humanistic spirit, modernization can easily go back. Humanities should face up to the reality that science is valued and humanities are ignored. We say we should do a good job in quality education, but as long as the college entrance examination is not reformed, quality education cannot be carried out. Now quality education is just a fancy thing. As principals, we should: first, think clearly about the concept of university management; Second, we can't stay in concept, but must implement it step by step under the existing system. From "Small Cycle" to "Great Cycle" Jiang Yi (Dean nanhua college of industry and commerce): China's strong culture is one of the reasons why humanistic spirit is neglected. Strong culture is the mainstream value of the country. China has been suppressed for two centuries, forming the understanding that "backwardness will lead to beatings", so we emphasize saving the country and serving the country scientifically. Many ideas of universities are actually extensions of strong culture, so "learning mathematics and physics well and traveling all over the world is not afraid" is accepted by every parent and becomes the mainstream value. It is this mainstream value that leads to the deviation between humanism and scientific spirit and ignores the purpose of humanistic activities. The purpose of humanistic activities is a small cycle and a big cycle. Small cycle is the goal we have been striving for, pursuing profit, realistic value and wealth, so we propose to make people rich and move towards small cycle. So it leads to man-made tools and man-made purposes, that is, the so-called "people die for wealth and birds die for food." In a small cycle, people's eyes are short-sighted. There is such a story that a shepherd boy in northern Shaanxi was asked what he was doing: "I was herding sheep." "What are you doing herding sheep?" "Sheep are raised to sell money." "What do you need money for?" "Get up." "What are you doing in the house?" "Take a wife." "Why do you want to marry a wife?" "Give birth to a baby." "What are children for?" "herding sheep!" What we are discussing today is whether people can get out of the dead end of being their own grave diggers and move towards a big cycle. The ultimate goal of our pursuit of wealth is to pursue happiness. Toyota's slogan used to be "serving the motherland through industry", but now it is "benefiting society through cars" This change has gone beyond "man-made tools" and jumped to "man-made purposes", which has taken a big cycle in corporate culture. In fact, universities should also cultivate college students who will pursue happiness, which is our fundamental goal. Happiness is a combination of meaning and interest. China's educational philosophy is to pursue meaningful ideas. Primary schools often write "remember a meaningful thing", but rarely "remember an interesting thing", which leads to our ideology. We used to base our view of happiness on meaning, not meaning. I think "being pragmatic and diligent" is meaningful. And "elegant self-esteem, health and harmony" is interesting, and the combination of the two constitutes the happiness view of the university. Therefore, universities should carry out backward curriculum design. First of all, we must determine the purpose of the university, such as happiness; At the same time, we should be pragmatic and take care of the employment rate. When we are engaged in university construction, we should think about how to set up courses and check the effect. There are two aspects to test: one is the test of rational truth system; Second, the study of the free value system. If this investigation is not done well, then all our humanities construction can only be a requirement, but not a reality. Jiang Shuzhuo (Secretary of the Party Committee of Jinan University): In modern education, the cultivation of humanistic spirit is not systematic and has not been seriously considered. In our university, cultural quality education was originally advocated. Professor Yang, President of East China University of Science and Technology, took the lead in proposing humanistic quality education and implemented it in East China University of Science and Technology. The original idea was to make up for what was missing. Although some achievements have been made over the years, humanistic spirit education has not been highlighted, let alone become a system. At present, the education of humanistic spirit is often not paid enough attention in the teaching of "two courses", and philosophy, political economy and so on are still on the lips, without considering bringing humanistic spirit into the teaching of "two courses" At present, we lack the process of enlightening students and making them have cultural awareness. In other words, they have a clear and rational understanding of Chinese and Western traditional culture and excellent culture, the ability to choose culture, the spirit of cultural responsibility, and the responsibility of cultural inheritance and creation. Otherwise, students may blindly worship western culture. Nowadays, it is utilitarian and pragmatic for many students to study and find jobs, take the civil service examination and even join the party to find jobs. Under the condition of modern society, it is necessary to cultivate new humanistic spirit. This new humanistic spirit refers to honesty, fairness, justice and fairness under the new market economy conditions, and discusses how to practice these ideas in trading and competition. Nowadays, jealousy among students and so on are all manifestations of the lack of new humanistic spirit. Our school has set up a student violation Committee in the student dormitory, and the students manage it themselves. There are mainland students and Hong Kong students. After the students violated discipline, the Committee discussed the incident. The discussion process is very interesting-Hong Kong students insist on strictly following the rules, while mainland students stress human feelings. After the treatment, the results will be sent to the students, who can appeal within half a month and find an expert for reconsideration. Through such a process, students can establish some consciousness of self-awareness, self-esteem, fairness, justice and law-abiding. Although they are forms, they are also very important. There is also the harmony between man and nature and the cultivation of man's spirit of fraternity, which we often cultivate through volunteer organizations. Mastering humanistic knowledge does not necessarily mean having humanistic spirit. Liang Shiping (Vice Chairman of Guangzhou Federation of Social Sciences): Modern education should pay attention to the cultivation of humanistic spirit, which has become the knowledge of people of insight from all walks of life. However, whether higher education pays attention to the cultivation of scientific spirit or humanistic spirit has also caused controversy among educators. Scientific spirit and humanistic spirit are two precious spiritual wealth created by human beings in practice, and there is a complementary relationship between them. Lack of any kind of spirit will cause imbalance in human practice. Modern humanistic spirit should be a humanistic spirit that combines scientific spirit. People who have mastered humanistic knowledge in practice do not mean that they have corresponding humanistic spirit. Humanistic knowledge is a summary of human experience in understanding and transforming human society, which can be obtained through classes and books. Humanistic spirit is the spiritual achievement of the internalization of humanistic knowledge in disciplines, which can not be obtained simply through classrooms and books, but must be transformed into human consciousness and behavior by people in practice through the internalization and integration of humanistic knowledge. Only those who have mastered the scientific spirit can observe objectively, think independently and judge wisely, and form a humanistic spirit with intrinsic value and universal social justice. In addition to imparting basic professional knowledge, modern undergraduate education is more important to cultivate students' scientific spirit and humanistic spirit. The study of professional knowledge can be continuously increased and updated in practice. The cultivation of humanistic spirit in higher education requires not only systematic classroom education of humanistic knowledge, but also an environment with profound cultural accumulation and rich humanistic atmosphere, and the interaction between the role models of educators with humanistic spirit and the educated, so as to cultivate generations of professionals with humanistic spirit. Scientific spirit is more important than humanistic spirit? Jiaqing Wu (Dean of Guangdong University of Commerce): Modern university spirit should have both scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and it should be an organic unity of humanistic spirit and scientific spirit. Humanistic spirit can be understood from three aspects. The first is humanism, people-oriented. The second is human nature. From an ethical point of view, it means respecting and understanding people. The third is human rights, that is, right fairness. Only by combining humanitarianism, humanity and human rights can we construct a complete humanistic spirit. Which is more important, humanistic spirit or scientific spirit? Personally, I think that as a place to train talents, the most important thing is to cultivate students' scientific spirit. On the premise that the main function of colleges and universities is to cultivate students' scientific spirit, this paper talks about how to cultivate humanistic spirit. Is the cultivation of humanistic spirit unitary or pluralistic? We know that the scientific spirit is monistic. However, humanistic spirit is closely related to ideology. If we overemphasize ideology, our humanistic spirit will become a political-led humanistic spirit. The cultivation of humanistic spirit in comprehensive universities should also be different from that in single-subject universities, research universities and teaching universities. It is necessary to consider whether the expression of university humanistic spirit is general or special, as well as the ideas, ideas and characteristics of different universities. The cultivation of humanistic spirit is also influenced by schools, families and society, but schools only account for a part, and families and society also play an important role in the cultivation of humanistic spirit. Humanistic spirit has duality: on the one hand, it belongs to the category of emotional intelligence, such as ideological morality and ethical sentiment; The other is the requirement for quality, such as humanistic quality. Universities mainly cultivate humanistic spirit from qualitative aspects, while the "non-qualitative" aspects of humanistic spirit need to be cultivated jointly by universities, society and families. Zhang Tieming (Director, Private Education Research Center, Guangdong Institute of Education): A school without culture cannot rebuild the humanistic spirit of the next generation. In the university stage, in order to better cultivate humanistic spirit, we should face several contradictions: for example, the contradiction between the gradual decline of college students' educational investment income and the high demand of society for college students' quality; The contradiction between the lack of faith and the fragmentation of moral culture in China's market economy; The contradiction between the long-term repression of teenagers' restlessness and the loose pursuit of science, democracy and freedom by universities; The contradiction between the loss of good traditional morality and the lack of humanistic service spirit in universities and academic impetuousness. Wait a minute. Our university moral education has no system, but it is formal, instrumental, random and varies from person to person, and there is no complete system. For example, visiting a photo exhibition is a kind of moral education; This kind of education is useless at all. If not every university teacher can become a teacher of humanistic spirit, the humanistic education in this university will certainly fail. Entering a university is a process of personality reconstruction, and universities should play a guiding role in personality reconstruction. The inevitable result of symbol-centered education is that education is no longer people-oriented and no longer considers people's spiritual needs. This kind of education is impossible to succeed. Our education really needs to put the humanistic spirit into education, and it is impossible to do well without facing these contradictions directly. College students should overcome narrowness and one-sidedness. He Dajin (Vice President of Guangzhou University): The core task of university education is the cultivation of humanistic spirit. There are three main tasks of the university: one is to impart knowledge; Second, skills training; Third, personality cultivation. The first two need a lot of time and money, while the latter should be the core. The reason why a university is different from a general training institution is that it cultivates personality, otherwise it will be no different from a general training institution. Humanistic quality also includes quality, skill and spirit. Spirit is the core and essential thing. Quality education has been discussed for more than 20 years, but it has not been greatly improved for more than 20 years. There are many reasons, and college education is only one aspect. At this historical stage, we can still make a difference in the construction of humanistic spirit. In particular, we should emphasize two points: first, we should advocate a principle of academic freedom, teaching freedom and learning freedom in universities. From the management system, we should gradually transition from administrative management to academic management. Second, we should pay attention to students' healthy and comprehensive way of thinking. Nowadays, college students have a narrow way of thinking, or they are not independent and critical. Only by overcoming the one-sidedness of thinking can it be conducive to the construction of modern humanistic spirit. Wang Peilin (Vice President of Guangdong University of Technology Normal University): There are three bottlenecks in the cultivation of humanistic spirit: First, the issue of leadership, including the leadership of party and government departments and school leaders. Under the current system in China, the principal's idea is very important. Second, the problem of teachers. Many people who teach humanistic knowledge do not necessarily have humanistic spirit. Most of our teachers concentrate on publishing papers for professional titles and salaries, and many even do whatever it takes to publish papers. In this case, how to ensure that they can cultivate students' humanistic spirit? Therefore, how to improve the humanistic spirit of university teachers is also worth discussing. Third, mechanisms and systems. If the system and mechanism have not changed, all changes are temporary, not permanent. For example, there are many problems in the college entrance examination system and the professional title evaluation and examination system, but there is no better system than them at present. Therefore, we should have a clearer understanding of this. We are now in a huge social transition period. In this case, institutional innovation is more important than technological innovation and should precede technological innovation. We should set a standard to let teachers know how to cultivate humanistic spirit. According to the theory of four levels of modern culture, the concept is the deepest, and then the system.