Is the low crop yield due to the weather?

With the continuous transfer of land, the number of large growers and family farms continues to increase, and more young people are beginning to invest in rural areas and agriculture. Well, the overall income of farmers in recent years has been poor, which has led to many farmers losing money. Through communication with farmer friends, I found that there are many factors that lead to low yields of rice, wheat, and corn, but many farmers are more Which factor should you focus on? Not paying attention to the prevention and management issues of the overall system. Through analysis, I summarized the main factors as follows:

The potential of seeds accounts for 30% of the total yield

No matter where a crop is grown, the yield potential and stress resistance of general seeds depend on One of the issues regarding whether we can achieve high and stable production. Therefore, when selecting seeds, we must pay attention to selecting high-quality seeds, such as hybrid rice. Generally, we must first consider the stable yield performance. The stable yield performance includes: disease resistance, lodging resistance, tillering ability, and mature fruit quality. Secondly, we must consider the stable yield performance. It was noted that the key indicators for high rice yield are: the formation of rice yield is composed of three factors: the number of panicles on a standard mu of 667 square meters, the number of grains per panicle and the dry grain weight. Therefore: Theoretically yield = effective panicle number * average number of kernels per panicle * thousand grain weight. At this time, when selecting rice varieties, we must choose rice varieties with strong tillering ability, high seed setting rate and dry grain weight, and then manage accordingly. It is possible to achieve high yields! Generally, these indicators are marked on the outer packaging bags of rice varieties. Recommended choices: Seeds from large companies such as Hunan Longping. It has its own scientific research and breeding base.

The proportion of diseases, insect pests and weeds stress in the total output is 15

For any crop, in high-yield planting, ordinary farmers still pay more attention to the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, but from my field Let’s take a look at crop diseases, insect pests and weeds, which are one of the main factors that affect our yield. Due to the characteristics of many types of pests, diseases, pests and weeds, high resistance, great impact, and frequent outbreaks causing disasters, it is very important for farmers if their awareness of prevention and control is not up to date. This will lead to reduced crop yields and reduced quality.

Then the common harmful diseases, insect pests and weeds in our crops mainly include:

Pests:

Small bugs: rice planthoppers, aphids, whiteflies, thrips, Spider mites (recommended drugs: nitenpyram and pymetrozine series, recommended spider mites: avididafen)

Big bugs: stem borer, stem borer, rice leaf roller, beetroot Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, corn borer (recommended pharmaceutical amide agents: tetrachlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole)

Subterranean pests: cutworms, grubs, wireworms , mole crickets (recommended pesticide: chlorpyrifos granules for broadcasting, or seed coating with imidacloprid and other seed coating agents)

Diseases:

Leaf diseases: rust, powdery mildew, Rice blast, large and small leaf spot (recommended pesticides: choose a combination of triazole and methoxyacrylate pesticides)

Ear diseases: rice smut, ear blast, head blight, black Ear diseases (recommended agents: choose a combination of triazole and methoxyacrylate agents, it is not recommended to use one agent alone for control)

Pole diseases: sheath blight, base rot (recommended agents : Recommended agents: Choose a combination of triazole and methoxyacrylate agents)

Root diseases: Total rot, root rot (choose agents containing silothiazolin, phenylpropiconazole, Seed dressing with fludioxonil and other seed coating agents)

Weed damage:

Grainaceae in rice fields: barnyard grass, stephanie, crabgrass, broken rice Zhifengcao (recommended agents : Echinacea is mainly used and can be compounded with penoxsulfon. Crabgrass is mainly used: an agent that is compounded with oxazoyl grass can be recommended.) Paddy field broadleaf grass: duckweed, water bamboo leaves, Alisma (recommended agents) : You can choose a compound agent containing dimethyl tetrachloride)

Wheat field grasses: Amaranthus aestivum, grass, Japanese Amaranthus aestivum, Poa annua, Aesthesia aestivum (choose chemicals containing methyl dimethyltetrachloride) Use chemicals such as sulfuron-further in combination) Wheat field broadleaf grasses: Granola, Chickweed, Echinacea, Artemisia vulgaris (Recommended chemicals: You can choose chemicals containing dimethyl tetrachloride, fluroxypyr, difluoride Compound pesticides such as sulfentrazone)

Lack of nutrition

Farmers often fall into a misunderstanding during the planting process. They think that knowing enough nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium will lead to good health. Yield, so they do not pay attention to the application of medium and trace elements, resulting in changes in soil structure and low yield. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China has issued the "Action Plan for Zero Growth in Chemical Fertilizer Usage by 2020". Chemical fertilizers are the "food" for the growth of our crops. However, there are many misunderstandings about the current use of chemical fertilizers; excessive application of large amounts of large fertilizers, blind application of large fertilizers, multiple Application leads to changes in soil nutritional structure, nutrient deficiencies and other problems, and also brings many hazards: fertilizer residues, soil hardening, pH imbalance, environmental pollution, nutritional imbalance and other hazards. At this time, there is an urgent need to improve the method of fertilization, and there is an urgent need for a product to make up for and improve the shortcomings of large fertilizers, which ultimately lead to physiological diseases, low yield, and poor resistance of crops. Therefore, the application of small and medium-sized fertilizers in production can increase income and reduce costs. effect!

The situation we are facing now in wheat and rice cultivation is that there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, too little potassium fertilizer, and a lack of medium and trace elements. However, the compound fertilizers or formula fertilizers we use now do not contain medium and trace elements. We choose small fertilizers. At the same time, pay attention to the content of trace elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, silicon, chlorine). It contains almost no nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. At the same time, it is also necessary to check whether the small fertilizer contains polyglucans. Acid, amino acid and other microbial fermentation products and straw decomposition agents, so choose big brands and choose to use them in your own fields for comparison!

The impact of weather

With the current normalization of extreme weather, meteorological disasters such as high temperature and drought, low temperature and lack of sunshine, and floods have a relatively large impact on crops. So, especially the "late spring cold" during the wheat seedling stage and the seedling stage, the "dry hot wind" during the grain filling stage, and the "cold dew wind" in the middle and late stages of rice still have a relatively large impact. We must take precautions in advance according to the weather conditions.

1. What is the impact of late spring cold on early spring wheat?

Due to the rapid temperature rise in spring, wheat has entered a period of rapid tillering, turning green, and jointing, especially in the rice stubble and wheat areas south of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.

Since wheat begins to tiller and grow at 2 to 4°C, the optimal temperature is 13 to 18°C. At this time, the late spring cold inhibits the tillering and growth differentiation of wheat. According to field observations in recent years, when wheat is affected by "late spring cold" in the tillering stage, it will appear dry and white flowers like the plants after being scalded with boiling water. When wheat is exposed to "late spring cold" in the rising stage, new leaves and main stems will freeze, twist, and dry up! This may ultimately result in a 20-30% reduction in wheat production! Severe cases may result in production cuts of more than 50%!

2. The problem of cold dew wind

The cold dew wind appears at different times every year. In fact, many farmer friends will say that there is no cold dew, so how can the cold dew wind appear? Then the cold dew wind mainly occurs during the period before and after the cold dew. If the temperature lasts for 2-3 days and the daily average temperature is lower than 22-24 degrees, a cold dew wind will form. This is because this time coincides with the critical period of earing, flowering, and grain filling of japonica glutinous rice south of the Huaihe River. Once exposed to sustained low temperature hazards, empty shells, shriveled grains, and reduced yields will occur.

How to deal with the impact of "late spring cold" on early spring wheat?

Pay attention to the weather and agricultural information from the plant protection station in a timely manner, and spray 920 in time when cold dew winds occur to reduce the occurrence of rice wraps, promote early flowering and grain filling of rice, shorten heading and grain filling time, and avoid cold dew winds. Harmful, but 75 920 cannot be used excessively. It is most appropriate to use 0.5g-1g per acre, depending on the rice conditions in the field! (First dilute the 920 crystals with alcohol or wine and then add water)

2. Fertilizer and water management

If there is no rain in the fields north of the Huaihe River, it must be watered in time. Use water to supplement fertilizer. At the same time, when it continues to rain in early spring south of the Huaihe River, timely supplement fertilizer to promote seedlings and reduce the degree of frost damage. Seize the opportunity to replenish green fertilizer and promote effective tillering when it rains! Improve wheat immunity! (10-15 catties of urea/acre). Farmers are advised not to spread fertilizer in the fields before or during rain. Fertilizer application after the rain stops has the highest utilization rate! Cold dew winds will cause the rice to need to be spread with fertilizer and 6-8 cm of water to keep it warm

3. Foliar spraying

For fields that have been fertilized, add the following in combination with wheat pest control Regulators represented by amino acids and biostimulants. Enhance wheat immunity and increase wheat leaf thickness. At the same time, it can alleviate the recovery and growth of wheat freeze-damaged cells in fields that have already occurred.

Management errors

For farmers, one of the reasons for low yields during the planting process is that farmers do not manage properly and in a timely manner, and many farmers do not regularly plant When I go to the fields, I don’t have a clear grasp of the occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds in my own crops. I mainly summarize the following points:

Following the trend of spraying pesticides and not going to the fields. Many farmer friends don’t go to the fields. They just spray pesticides when they see others spraying them. Often what we plant is Different structures and different growth periods will also lead to different periods of preventing and controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds. Therefore, we can only go to the fields to observe and carry out prevention and control based on the actual conditions in our own fields. We must not follow the trend of going to the fields to spray pesticides for prevention and control management.

One-time spraying without checking. For many diseases, insect pests and weeds, one-time control often cannot achieve the desired effect, because weeds and pests are becoming more and more resistant. Many farmers think that one application of pesticides will solve the problem. Yes, we should not go to the fields to observe after applying pesticides. This is the key to the mistake. Whether we are preventing diseases, insect pests or weeds, we must go to the fields to observe the effects after the primary control. At the same time, we can better observe the primary effects and conduct secondary control. period.

Unreasonable selection of pesticides

In the process of preventing and controlling pests, diseases, and weeds, due to changes in the external environment and increased resistance to pests, diseases, and weeds, when we choose pesticides, many farmer friends Focusing only on price and not on effects and the added value brought by chemicals will eventually lead to poor control effects, reduced yields and the occurrence of phytotoxicity. So when we are controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds, we must use a reasonable combination of pesticides to achieve better results. We should not use a single pesticide. Compounding and synergy are really important.

Insufficient water for pesticide application

The most troublesome problem for farmers right now: having money to buy medicine but not being able to fetch water. Whenever the prevention and control season ends, many farmers complain about prevention and control. In fact, the main reason for the poor effect is that we did not use enough water when applying the pesticide.

When we don’t have enough water, it is difficult for the medicinal solution to penetrate into the cracks of the wheat hulls. Even if we choose the best medicinal solution, we will not be able to achieve good results! Including insufficient water consumption for fly-proofing, high-efficiency additives must be added to achieve high efficiency!

It is recommended that farmer friends add vegetable oil synergist (Pemiri) when applying pesticides, which can better increase the adsorption capacity! Better improve the efficacy of medicine! Remember to use 2 barrels per acre.

Author: Zhu Zixiang