Who was the outstanding Han Weaver in Yuan Dynasty?

Huang Daopo was an outstanding female weaver of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty.

Huang Daopo, also known as huangpo, was born in the late Southern Song Dynasty (about A.D. 1245). She was born in Wunijing Town, Songjiang Prefecture (now Huajing Town, Shanghai). She came from a poor peasant family and was forced by life. She/kloc-was sold to others as a child bride when she was 0/2 years old. She worked in the fields during the day, spinning and weaving until late at night, shouldering heavy labor and suffering inhuman abuse from her in-laws and husbands. She can't stand this inhuman life. One night, she dug a hole in the roof, escaped, hid in a boat moored by the Huangpu River, and later went with the boat to Yazhou (now Yaxian County, Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guangdong Province) at the southern tip of Hainan Island.

Huang Daopo lived alone in exile, and her simple and enthusiastic Li compatriots not only took care of her in life, but also taught her advanced knitting techniques without reservation. Huang Daopo studied textile technology with an open mind, combined with the advantages of Li and Han nationalities, and gradually became an excellent textile expert. Huang Daopo has lived in Yazhou for twenty or thirty years, but he always misses his hometown. During the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1295- 1296), she took Li people's advanced textile tools (treadmills, tricycles, etc.). ), reluctantly bid farewell to her Li compatriots and took a boat to Wunijing, which has been away for more than 30 years.

By the time Huang Daopo returned to his hometown, cotton planting had been widely used in the Yangtze River valley, but the imitation weaving technology was still very backward. After returning to her hometown, she devoted herself to reforming the backward cotton textile production tools in her hometown, and taught her exquisite knitting technology to the people in her hometown without reservation. Although Huang Daopo died a few years after returning to her hometown, her hard work made great contributions to the rapid development of the local cotton textile industry.

With decades of rich textile experience, Huang Daopo, together with the broad masses of working people, has carried out a lot of reforms on the backward local cotton spinning tools and created a set of "rolling, elastic, spinning and weaving" tools.

First of all, in cottonseed removal, Huang Daopo introduced the blender used by Li people. Mixer, also known as rolling mill, consists of two rollers mounted on the frame. The top is an iron shaft with a smaller diameter, and the bottom is a wooden shaft with a relatively larger diameter. These two shafts are rocked by rocker arms and rotate in opposite directions. When cotton is fed into the gap between the two shafts and rolls, the cottonseed is squeezed out and left behind, and the cotton fiber (lint) is pushed forward. After the application of the mixer, the backward situation of manual seed peeling or iron rod rolling was completely changed, and the production efficiency was greatly improved, which was a major technological innovation in lint production at that time. In addition, Huang Daopo changed the small bow for playing loose cotton from more than one foot to a big bow with a length of four feet, and replaced strings with strings. Moreover, he also struck the strings with an ebony cone (mallet) instead of playing cotton with his fingers. In this way, the efficiency is much higher, the sprayed cotton is uniform and meticulous, and the quality of yarn and cloth is also improved. On the spinning wheel, Huang Daopo and the carpenter, after repeated experiments, changed the pedal spinning wheel for spinning hemp into a three-spindle cotton spinning wheel, which improved the spinning efficiency by two or three times at once, and the operation was very labor-saving.

Huang Daopo not only made important contributions to the reform of textile tools, but also combined his own practical experience to sum up the knitting techniques learned from the Li people into a set of advanced knitting techniques, such as "wrong yarn color matching and heddle knitting", and enthusiastically taught them to people. Therefore, at that time, the cotton fabrics such as quilts, mattresses and belts produced by Wunijing had branches, flocks of phoenixes, chess games and characters. For a time, the "black mud well quilt" spread like wildfire, and nearby counties such as Shanghai and Taicang competed to follow suit. These textiles are exported to various places and are very popular. Shortly after Huang Daopo's death, Songjiang became the center of cotton industry in China, which lasted for hundreds of years.