Classical Chinese conveys meaning

1. Classical Chinese "communication" Other words: communication (neutral words)

Athena Chu: G! U soup/soup

translate freely

1. Dig a ditch to connect the two waters.

Related literature:

"Zuo Zhuan mourning for the public for nine years": "Autumn, Wu, and Tong." Du Pre-note: "Build a city across the Hanshui River, connecting Sheyang Lake in the northeast, Huaihe River in the northwest, and also connecting the grain route."

2. Guide and communicate with each other; Connect.

Related literature:

The first chapter of Professor China's Study by Xu Teli: "The dialect, Fu Qian's popular literature, the interpretation of the name and Qian Heng are all written to communicate the names of things."

Hu Caixu: "In our time, it is always easier to communicate with the hero's mind and heart."

Guo Xiaochuan's poem In the Desert: "It seems that there is a long, silent sound wave that communicates the universe, the sun and the desert on this earth."

3. Communication is a process in which individuals or groups transfer information, thoughts and emotions for a given goal and reach an agreement. It has three elements, namely:

(1) should have a clear goal; (2) reach an agreement with * * * *; ③ Communicate information, thoughts and emotions.

2. Classical Chinese "communication" other words: communication (neutral words)

Athena Chu: G! U soup/soup

translate freely

1. Dig a ditch to connect the two waters.

Related literature:

"Zuo Zhuan mourning for the public for nine years": "Autumn, Wu, and Tong." Du Pre-note: "Build a city across the Hanshui River, connecting Sheyang Lake in the northeast, Huaihe River in the northwest, and also connecting the grain route."

2. Guide and communicate with each other; Connect.

Related literature:

The first chapter of Professor China's Study by Xu Teli: "The dialect, Fu Qian's popular literature, the interpretation of the name and Qian Heng are all written to communicate the names of things."

Hu Caixu: "In our time, it is always easier to communicate with the hero's mind and heart."

Guo Xiaochuan's poem In the Desert: "It seems that there is a long, silent sound wave that communicates the universe, the sun and the desert on this earth."

3. Communication is a process in which individuals or groups transfer information, thoughts and emotions for a given goal and reach an agreement. It has three elements, namely:

(1) should have a clear goal; (2) reach an agreement with * * * *; ③ Communicate information, thoughts and emotions.

3. Poetry or classical Chinese expresses the cohesive force of communication (1) The sentence expressing the poet's lofty aspirations in "Looking at Yue" is ———— Climb to the top, and you will see that other mountains are short under the sky. (2) The sentence expressing the poet's concern for the country and the people in "Spring Watch" is the place where the petals weep and the lonely bird mourns. (3) The sentence expressing the poet's homesickness in "Spring Watch" is after three months of war. A message from home is worth a ton of gold. (4) The sentence describing the moonlight in "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" is: the courtyard is as empty as water, the algae and grass in the water are interlaced, and the bamboo is shaded. (5) Why is there no moon in the sentence expressing the author's complex feelings in Night Tour in Chengtian Temple? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But there are very few idle people like me. (6) The sentence describing the whole snow scene in Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow is rime, and the sky and clouds, mountains and water are white. (7) The sentence expressing the poet's wish in "Returning to the Garden" is that he is naked, but his wish is not violated. (8) "Make it more difficult."

4. On the Language of Classical Chinese During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the articles used to record words were not invented. Bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record words, but silks were expensive, bamboo slips were cumbersome and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete unimportant words.

It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.

"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.

"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in ordinary and simple oral language"

In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "spoken language" and "written language". For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And expressed in written language, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.

Before 19 19, China's articles were all written in classical Chinese. Now we generally call "ancient Chinese" "classical Chinese".

In the history of China for thousands of years, great changes have taken place in spoken English, but the classical Chinese has always maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a fixed format but not very difficult way of communication.

[Edit this paragraph] The definition of classical Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao. Generally, newspapers and magazines in Hong Kong and Macao are written in Cantonese. They will refer to the written language of China written in Mandarin (called Mandarin in Taiwan Province Province) as classical Chinese. Recently, Putonghua education has been promoted in Hong Kong. Because Hong Kong students are used to textbooks written in Cantonese, they all tell their teachers that these classical Chinese are difficult to learn. In fact, they are referring to Putonghua in Chinese mainland or Putonghua in Taiwan Province Province. For details, please refer to the news report of TVB Emerald Channel in Hong Kong at 6:30+65438 on October 7th, 2008/KLOC-0.

SCOLAR funded 160 primary and secondary schools in four years, and switched to Putonghua to teach Chinese from this school year. However, only more than 20 secondary schools applied this year, and some secondary schools expressed that they would rather implement it at their own expense than apply. [Edit this paragraph] Classical Chinese Structure (I) Judgment Sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that uses nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates to judge the subject.

Its common form is as follows: 1 "... Zhe, ... Ye", ... Ye ",... Ye", ... Ye ",... Ye" and so on. Such as: "Lian Po, Zhao Zhiliang will also. "

[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng.

(2) a ridge porch, old south pavilion also. (3) Nanyang Liu Ziji, noble's also.

Those people were shocked, and Zhou didn't shoot. (5) seven slightly four libraries, the book of the son of heaven.

6. In the palace, everything is one. ⑦ Liang, my enemy, Prince, my foundation.

I hate these three today, too. Pet-name ruby bribing qin and losing strength, the way burst its banks.

Attending, the effect of fighting also. 2. Adverbs Shi, Shi, Shi, Cheng and Wei are used to express judgment.

For example, "Today is the autumn of great submission." [Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied.

When you ask what the world is like today, you don't know if there are any Han people. I wonder what year it is today.

(3) is now in the tomb. (4) Fu Liang is chu will Xiang Yan.

This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. 6. Either you die or you move.

⑦ This is kindness, loyalty and purity. Today is a crucial autumn.

Pet-name ruby Now, I am a fish. Attending I am a madman in Chu, and the wind is laughing at Kong Qiu.

3. Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. For example, "six countries collapse, not bad soldiers, bad wars."

[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. (More than 3 sentences) ① Climbing up a mountain, the arm is not lengthened, but the person you see is far away.

(2) The city is not high, the city is not deep, and the soldiers and grass are not strong. (3) The North Sea is not too mountainous.

(2) Passive Sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of the action, which is a passive sentence. Its common types are: 1. See you. See you.

For example, "I often laugh at a generous family." [Exercise 1] List such passive sentences in classical Chinese that we have studied.

(The number of sentences is more than 3) Afraid of being bullied by the king. (2) Qin Cheng was afraid that he could not get it, but saw his bullying.

(3) so confused in Zheng Xiu, rely on yi cheung. (4) Li Zifan, seventeen years old, studied at school.

2. "for" and "for ..." are passive. For example, "parents, clans, were all slaughtered."

(1) die, laugh at the world. (2) For the country, no ambassador will be taken away by Wikipedia.

(3) Serve the Group in terms of income. (4) first fear for fuck.

(5) After the Chu Dynasty was conquered, it was destroyed by Qin for several decades. (3) Inverted sentences The inverted sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide inversion sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and verb inversion.

1. Preposition object The so-called prepositional object is a component that is usually used as an object and placed in front of the predicate verb to express emphasis. For example, the word "zhi" in the "disagreement" is the prepositional object.

Preposition objects are usually divided into four situations. (1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects.

What is the king doing here? Wes, who are we going home with? (2) In negative sentences, pronouns are objects and prepositions are objects. For example, "the ancients did not bully."

(3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi". For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I don't understand it."

"It is urgent to study hard and it is rare to see it." (4) Preposition objects in prepositional phrases.

For example, "Why else would the book be here?" 2. Attributive Postposition Usually attributive should be placed in front of the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put attributive after the head word. Such as: "Earthworms have no advantage of minions, strong bones and muscles, and feed on Egypt.

5. What are the meanings and specific explanations of the word' Tong' in classical Chinese? 1 access; Pass; Yes. "Yugong Yishan": "You and I will cross southern Henan and reach Hanyin as soon as possible."

② Penetration; Communication. Tan sitong: "Then the emperor and Mr. Kang can't understand each other and are determined to carry out major reforms."

3 smooth; There are no obstacles. "On Accumulation": "Politics may not be accessible, and those who can be far away from doubt will fight for it at the same time."

4 notice; Convey. Peacock flies southeast: "Send Cheng as a matchmaker, and the main book is fluent in language."

5 communication; Come and go; Make friends. Biography of Han Dynasty: "I heard that Cao Qiu is not an elder, so don't associate with him."

6 circulation; Exchange. Han Yu's The Original Road: "So Jia Yi can understand what he needs."

7 communication; speak "Scholar's Country": "Tang Ao saw his words and asked an old man why, making it indisputable."

Familiar with; Proficient in Zhang Hengchuan: "I am familiar with the Five Classics and Six Arts."

Pet-name ruby all; Universal. The story of nuclear boat: "One boat is a boat, one person is five, and one window is eight, …" Teacher's note: "All six meridians are connected with Xi Zhi."

Number of attendance. Peacock flies southeast: "Embroider my skirt, everything is four or five."

6. What language did the ancients communicate in classical Chinese or albino? If you are from ancient China.

If you are an ancient person, an ordinary citizen, and talk quietly all day, you must be a mental derangement. Is it difficult to look it up in the dictionary even if you say something? People will choose their own language to speak.

In other words, classical Chinese is not easy to communicate orally. This is why some people (regardless of ancient and modern times) have a headache when reading classical Chinese.

To analyze your problem, we should start with the comparison between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. 1, classical Chinese is more concise than vernacular Chinese, and often simple words can be translated into many words.

As I said just now, classical Chinese is not easy to communicate orally. According to 2, since classical Chinese is not easy to communicate orally, the appearance of classical Chinese must not be passed down orally.

We can find that classical Chinese all appear in books. In other words, classical Chinese may be a special language way used to describe Chinese in ancient times.

This coincides with 1 When people feel that they want future generations to know that our generation has lived, or need to remember something in particular, words are born.

The evolution of Chinese characters comes from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen and so on. It must have been a long time since the use of Chinese today. But I'm not sure whether Zhong Dingwen and Oracle Bone Inscriptions were written in vernacular or classical Chinese. All the above are the sayings in classical Chinese after the existing vernacular Chinese.

The following is the assumption that there is vernacular after the existing classical Chinese: In ancient times, people didn't have so many words and their meanings were unclear, so they abbreviated what they wanted to say, forming this concise classical Chinese. As more and more words are created, the meaning of expression becomes clearer and clearer.

Gradually, a kind of vernacular Chinese that is convenient for communication has been formed. However, there is a flaw in this statement, that is, if you speak according to your own words, then you can't write with words.

You can't play here either. If you think about it slowly, you will think a lot. Bad words are like swearing words. If they have not been handed down from ancient times to the present, who will invent how to write them? Of course, I think classical Chinese is taken from dialects handed down by people orally.

Because I firmly believe that Mandarin is not a dialect. There is no place in China where people regard Mandarin as a dialect from the beginning.

When people don't have Mandarin, people can't understand each other's dialects. But I think dialects are also related to the differences between North and South.

From south to north, dialects should also have a geographical transition process. Therefore, little by little, the vernacular and classical Chinese can be widely spread and widely promoted and applied.

As for Mandarin, I think its prototype should be in a private school. After people have words, there will be children who can't read books.

Thus, the corresponding industry was born-education. People combine the most correct way of speaking and writing to form teaching materials and dictionaries.

There was no dictionary at first, and the "oral dictionary" should have been born in a private school. Mandarin is just to standardize dialects.