How many harvesters are allowed to hang on a train in inclined shaft rail transportation in coal mine?

the history of steam locomotive development-------------------------. It has become a desire for people to use steam power to replace horses with much less strength and tolerance for transport vehicles. Oliver Evans, an American steam engine maker, predicted: "One day, people can travel from one city to another by steam engine, as fast as birds fly. Passengers departing from Washington in the morning can have breakfast in Baltimore, lunch in Philadelphia and dinner in new york on the same day. " The world's first steam-powered car In 1763, the arsenal where Cournot, a technical officer of the French Army, was located produced a cannon with a gun body made of pig iron, which needed several strong horses to pull. Cournot hoped to use steam power to pull cannons, and made a proposal to the War Department to build a prototype. His suggestion was quickly supported by the former Duke of Wazir, the French army minister, and he was allocated 2, pounds for trial production. After six efforts, in 1769, Cournot made his idea of a steam-powered car. The body of a steam-powered car is a heavy wooden frame, with a big boiler supported in the front and two cylinders behind it. The steam generated by the boiler is sent into the cylinders, and the steam generated by the boiler is sent into the cylinders, which drives the piston installed inside to move up and down, and then the movement of the piston is transmitted to the front wheel installed under the car frame through the crank, which controls the front wheel to rotate forward. The fate of Cournot's steam locomotive Cournot really walked with his steam power car! However, its speed is only 4 meters per hour, which is much slower than that of horse-drawn carts. Moreover, the steam-powered car had to stop after walking for about 15 minutes, because the steam in the boiler had run out, and Cournot had to get off and add water and coal to the boiler, and could not continue walking until the steam was re-ejected from the boiler. After repeated improvements, this steam-powered car can already take four people, and the speed has also increased to 9 meters per hour. The war department ordered Cournot to make some larger steam-powered cars, demanding a load of 458 kilograms. However, when the steam-powered car was tested, it crashed into the wall of the arsenal, and the wall collapsed and the car was damaged. Nevertheless, in 1771, a larger steam-powered car was improved and reached the level of being able to pull 4-5 tons of heavy objects. But after the car was built, the French government had no interest in it. Despite this, Cournot's steam-powered car test is the biggest event about land transportation since the invention of the wheel. Before that, the wheel was just a passive device to reduce the friction between the vehicle and the ground. Only Cournot's machine transmits the power of the steam engine to the wheel itself through gears, making the wheel become a tool to actually promote the operation of the vehicle. This is the basic principle of all trains and cars running today. For the first time in history, wheels can travel in any direction by power other than human or animal power, and the basic function of wheels has been completely changed. Drives restrained himself from building a steam locomotive. Richard Drivesk of England was the son of a mine manager and was born in 1771. At the age of 19, Drivesk became an engineer in the mine and began to study and improve Watt's fixed-power steam engine. Drivesk made the boiler into a tube, and each copper tube was 2 meters in diameter. This tube boiler greatly increased the pressure of steam, and it could get much more power than Watt steam engine, and it was safer. In 181, he used this high-pressure steam mechanism he made to become his first official steam locomotive, but it only walked on ordinary roads. On December 28th of the same year, accompanied by a group of friends, Drivesk rode a motorcycle to the hill, but the machine broke down. According to an eyewitness, "the car was pushed into a hut by the road, and all the colleagues went to the hotel to rest and comforted their sadness with roast goose and wine." Later, they may have completely forgotten about the steam locomotive, so that the boiler water is dried up, the iron plates are red, and all the parts that can be burned, such as steam locomotives and houses, are burned. " A bet made the steam locomotive climb the rail. At that time, a coal car with iron wheels dressed by horses came out to transport coal on the iron road surface to prevent the wheels from falling into the ground, reduce friction resistance and improve the carrying capacity and speed. Dervisk believes that such a railway carriage can completely replace horsepower with steam power. In 184, an ironmaker and a friend of Drivesk bet that even if the steam locomotive was built, it would never be possible to pull 1 tons of iron to run the 15.5-kilometer-long iron track in the coal mine. So Drivesk built a freight steam locomotive for his friend to really walk on the rails. On February 22, 184, Dervisk reported: "Yesterday we set out by steam locomotive. The locomotive brought 1 tons of iron, 5 cars and 7 people ... The person who bet more than 5 yuan with the factory owner also took the whole journey with us. He finally admitted that he lost the bet." Drives restrained the construction of the first passenger train. Although Drivesk's freight steam engine was successful, the disadvantage was that the steam locomotive and the goods it pulled were too heavy, and the tracks made of pig iron broke. So the owner of the mine refused Drivesk's steam locomotive, and decided to use the old-fashioned horse-drawn wagon to transport ore. In 188, the talented Dervisk built a circular track in London. He used his own steam locomotive to pull a train full of passengers on the track and made a running performance. This performance is called "Let's see who can catch up with me", and those who come in to watch the performance have to pay 1 shilling. Curious young people also climbed into the car behind the locomotive to sit. This can be said to be the first real passenger train in human history, and the first passenger car in London without horse traction. But people didn't immediately realize its important value at that time. Dervisk was very disappointed. He wrote: "I thought these tests were enough to show the public that this car can be widely used;" Although it was promising, it was finally buried, which made me never have the courage to do any experiments. " Using gears to solve the problem of the relationship between wheels and tracks, people found that the reason why the Drevisk steam locomotive failed was that the locomotive wheels could not run stably on the tracks, so many people began to design a new kind of wheels and tracks. An engineer named John Blenkinsop made a gear-track steam locomotive. The rolling iron wheel has teeth. When driving the locomotive, the teeth of the wheel match the teeth of the rail, so that it will not slip when driving. In 1812, this geared steam locomotive was successfully tested. Because the teeth are only designed on one side of the rail, the locomotive lacks a sense of stability when walking, so if the locomotive runs stably, the toothed rail should be installed in the center of the rail. However, horse-drawn carts can not be completely abandoned as a subsidy for transporting coal, so the rails are still left for horse-drawn carts to walk, so the above problems are still difficult to solve. As a result, the toothed steam locomotive designed by Blenkinsop pulled a 2-ton coal car at a speed of 6 meters per hour, and it has been running in that coal mine for several years. Put two legs on the locomotive and an engineer named Brandon put two legs like horse legs on the back of the steam locomotive, which were alternately supported on the ground to prevent the locomotive from slipping when driving. This kind of locomotive was tried out in 1813. Unfortunately, these two legs not only slow down the speed of the locomotive, but also cause strong vibration of the locomotive. Almost at the same time, engineer Hedley also made a locomotive "Ba Fen Billy", and the cylinder was installed near the wheel. Since then, the cylinders of steam locomotives are generally installed in this position. It does not use toothed iron wheels and toothed rails, nor does it install feet like horse legs, but only uses iron wheels to run safely on the rails. The trial operation of this steam locomotive proves that as long as there is enough friction between the wheel and the rail, the running of the steam locomotive can be guaranteed. This steam engine has been used continuously in Wyram Coal Mine for nearly 5 years. Stephenson also learned to build a motorcycle. george stephenson was born into a miner's family in England in 1781 and remained illiterate until he was 18. Regardless of people's ridicule, he sat in a class with seven or eight-year-old children and began to learn from letters. At the age of 19, he was overjoyed that he had been able to write his own name. By 181, Stephenson began to make steam engines. On July 25, 1814, the first locomotive made by Stephenson himself began to run, named "Brooke". This locomotive has two cylinders, a 2.5-meter-long boiler, flanged wheels to prevent slipping, and flat rails. It can pull eight harvesters with a load of 3 tons and move at a speed of 6.4 kilometers per hour. From then on, the name of the train was called "Brooke", and the locomotive was running on the track in the coal mine in front of Stephenson's house. The locomotive was driven by Stephenson's younger brother James, and the boiler of the steam locomotive was lit by James's wife. During the first operation, the residents in the coal mine saw that the steam locomotive was running and the chimney was spewing fire, so they named it "train". The name "train" has spread all over the world today, and the steam locomotive is called "locomotive", which has been used until today. In the next 1 years, Stephenson built 12 locomotives similar to the Brook. Although the design did not break through the achievements of predecessors, Stephenson confidently predicted: "I am convinced that a railway that can use my steam locomotive will have a far better effect than a canal. I bet that my steam locomotive can carry 4-6 tons of goods for 1 kilometers every day on a long and good railway. " The train is opposed by hostility, but the problem is far from simple. Not everyone thinks that the train is an advanced means of transportation that can change the future. There are still many people who are hostile to Stephenson and his steam locomotive. Therefore, more than one railway bridge or new track was mysteriously damaged in the middle of the night. One water transport company even bombarded Stephenson's survey team with artillery fire. In this regard, only by constantly using strength to prove this unparalleled energy of the train can the stubborn British people turn their heads. The opportunity has finally come. The Liverpool-Chester Railway, which was built by Stephenson, is a British railway that has attracted great attention all over the world. Stephenson and his son intend to use this railway to prove that the steam locomotive is the best means of transportation in Britain and that it is completely suitable for railway tracks. In April 1829, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway Committee announced that a competition would be held soon to decide the best motor vehicle. The test requires each locomotive to tow a train full of stones to run back and forth 2 times on a 3m long road, and the load on the train is three times that of the locomotive. The winning locomotive designer can get a bonus of 5 pounds. The train completely conquered people. It was an exciting moment, and people no longer stared at the steel monster with hostile eyes. Stephenson drove his "Rocket" back and forth on this railway. Anyone with enough courage can get on the top speed that the four-wheeled carriage that will pass by will never give. One of the actresses, Fanny Gamble, was completely fascinated by the locomotive. She sat next to Stephenson on the motorcycle, and afterwards she described excitedly: "It's hard to imagine that the motorcycle is moving at full speed. It ran very smoothly ... I stood up, took off my bonnet, and sucked in the air coming from my face ... I couldn't keep my eyes open with the strong wind. ..... When I close my eyes, I feel as if I am flying, and the joy and surprise in my heart are beyond words. Although I am so surprised, I have absolute security and no fear. " Three weeks later, Stephenson and his son built the Planet, and its boiler has 129 copper tubes, which can generate steam very quickly to push the wheels forward rapidly. People no longer have the slightest doubt about the advantages of railways using steam locomotives, and rainy and muddy roads no longer pose any obstacles to such trains running by railway. Trains quickly changed the most popular Liverpool-Manchester railway in Britain. In the last four months of 183, it carried 7, passengers, and the total transportation revenue in 1831 reached 5, pounds. By 1832, Britain had 24 commercial railways with the most prosperous 1, tons of goods. Most of the locomotives carrying passengers and goods on the new line are built by Stephenson Engineering Company, and they are mainly "rocket" or "planet" type. The locomotive is equipped with a high-pressure boiler, with an exquisite steam pipe structure network and a pair of horizontal cylinders inside, which is the standard model of the future locomotive. These solid locomotives can pull 12 passenger or cargo carriages at a speed of 33 kilometers per hour. By 1833, every piece of coal purchased by Britain had to rely on trains for a part of its journey to the market. By 1836, railways with a total length of more than 724 kilometers had connected the major industrial areas in Britain. Trains and railways have really become an "economic artery" of Britain in the industrial revolution. Trains entered the young United States in the early 19th century, and Americans first became interested in trains. During the one-year operation of Liverpool-Manchester Railway in Britain, six new locomotives have been built by American locomotive factories. One of them, the "David Clinton", has a power of 7.35 kilowatts. These early trains are still quite complete. When they run, the sparks from the chimneys fall on tourists like rain. When traveling, passengers are always busy in the carriages, patting each other with their hands on the sparks splashed on their coats. Nevertheless, the train is still full of attraction for curious Americans, and its speed, convenience and stability greatly exceed that of a carriage. Whenever the train starts, children and adults run to the railway station to watch with their eyes wide open. The train driver who operates the train throttle in a cap and denim clothing has become a beautiful symbol of the train that the American people love for a whole century. In 1832, in just one year, 17 brand-new railways were built and licensed in the United States. Before long, six locomotive factories appeared. The locomotives made by these factories are very good, and they will soon be exported to the British railway department. The competition between Britain and the United States has thus formed. Trains couldn't move the Qing government in China. In 1863, trains had become the main traffic artery of Britain, the United States and other European and American countries, but at this time, people in China didn't know what trains were like. This year, British and American overseas Chinese businessmen in Shanghai suggested that the Qing government build a railway between Shanghai and Suzhou; The following year, Stephenson, an Englishman, naively drew up the China Railway Plan for China, and wanted to build four trunk lines in China to form a railway network. But it was not accepted. In 1865, a businessman named Durand built a 1-meter-long small railway outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing, and tried to run a small train. The purpose was to use it as an advertisement to promote the construction of the railway, so that the Qing government could accept the requirements of building the railway and running the train in China after seeing the real thing. Qing officials believe that this kind of