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Su Yu (1907- 1984) was an outstanding strategist, strategist and revolutionary in modern China. Hunan Huitong people, first named Su Duozhen and Su Zhiyu. General Su Yu always thought he was a Han nationality, but later it was verified by the Republic of China that Su Yu was a Dong nationality.

Biographical notes

19 18, from the private school in my hometown to the "foreign school" in the county, I began to accept new ideas. /kloc-0 entered the primary school attached to Changde No.2 Normal University in March, 924. /kloc-in the spring of 0/925, he was admitted to Changde Hunan Provincial Second Normal College. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "Four? The "December 12th" counter-revolutionary coup, the progressive principal of Changde No.2 Division was killed, and Su Yu and other progressive students were secretly transferred to Wuchang. Arranged by the Party Organization to be the monitor of the teaching brigade of the 24th Division in Ye Ting. 1926 Join the Communist Youth League of China. In June, he joined China Producers' Party. August 1926, participated in the famous Nanchang Uprising. Later, he moved to Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Hunan with Zhu De and Chen Yi, and began his military career. He was appointed as the representative of Gannan No.3 Middle School. 1928 65438+ 10 month, arrived in Jinggangshan after attending the Hunan uprising. When I was in Jinggangshan, my work was adjusted many times, sometimes as a party representative and sometimes as a company commander, all in order to strengthen political work.

After 1929, Su Yu was promoted to battalion commander, colonel, division commander, GongSiJun chief of staff, Gong Xijun chief of staff, QiGong legion chief of staff and so on. Participated in the struggle to create revolutionary base areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, and smashed the enemy's four large-scale "encirclement and suppression" wars. In the battle, he always took the lead and went forward bravely. He was injured many times and his left arm was shot and disabled. It is worth mentioning that in the battle of Laoqi Xiling on June 23rd, 1928, Su Yu attacked in the afternoon when the enemy was tired and relaxed, and broke through the enemy's defense. Six people were on the top of the mountain, and only three people pursued the fleeing enemy and captured more than 100 enemies. After the war, Su Yu got the reputation of "Young Counselor" in Zhu De.

1July, 934, Su Yu led an anti-Japanese advance team composed of the Red Seven Army Corps to the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi base area and set up the Red Ten Army Corps as the chief of staff. Later, he went to the Anhui-Zhejiang-Jiangxi border region to create a revolutionary base area. Due to the fierce siege and interception of the enemy, the Red Ten Army suffered heavy losses. 1935 65438+ 10, the Red Army Advance Division was established, and he served as the division commander. In the same year, in June+10, 5438, temporary provincial committees and temporary military regions were established one after another along the Fujian-Zhejiang border, and Su Yu served as the organization minister of the provincial committee and commander of the military region, thus creating the revolutionary base areas in southern Zhejiang. Defeated the enemy's repeated "encirclement and suppression" and persisted in guerrilla warfare for three years.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Su Yu was appointed as the deputy commander of the second detachment of the New Fourth Army, advancing behind enemy lines in the south of the Yangtze River. 1938, 17 In June, the enemy was ambushed in Wei Gang, killing more than 30 Japanese soldiers under the dirt well, destroying 5 cars and seizing more than 20 guns. The first battle of this campaign was successful, which broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible and opened up a new situation of the war of resistance in Jiangnan.

1in July, 940, Chen Yi and Su Yu led more than 7,000 people of the New Fourth Army into northern Jiangsu. In September, the anti-Japanese base area in northern Jiangsu with Huangqiao as the center was established, and Su Yu was appointed as the deputy commander. 10 On June 4th, the battle of Huangqiao started. Although outnumbered, Su Yu, with his extraordinary courage and wisdom, rationally arranged his troops and adopted the tactics of luring the enemy in depth, dividing his troops and surrounding him, and making a surprise attack. He wiped out the enemy in the movement and achieved brilliant results with few troops. Destroyed more than 1 1000 people and seized a large number of munitions, guns and ammunition. The victory of the decisive battle of Huangqiao completed the strategic task of opening up northern Jiangsu and opened up a new situation of the war of resistance in Central China.

194 1 10 After the "Southern Anhui Incident", Su Yu was appointed as the first division commander of the New Fourth Army (later as the political commissar) and the commander and political commissar of the Suzhong Military Region. 1March, 942, concurrently served as secretary of the Central Jiangsu District Party Committee, attaching importance to local armed construction. 1in March, 943, in the Axle Campaign under his command, more than 460 Japanese officers and men led by Colonel Misawa were annihilated and 50 enemy bunkers were destroyed. Take the lead in entering the strategic counterattack situation in the country. 1February, 945, led the first division to cross the river south and served as commander and political commissar of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Military Region. He commanded three anti-stubborn battles in western Zhejiang and annihilated 13000 people. 1in June, 945, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as deputy commander of the Central China Military Region and commander of the Central China Field Army from 65438 to 0945. He commanded the Gaoyou Campaign and the Xu (Zhou) Hai (Zhou) section of the Longhai Line, wiped out more than 20,000 puppet troops who refused to surrender, and prepared favorable conditions for interior-line operations to meet the attack of Kuomintang troops, thus connecting Central China and Shandong Liberated Areas. 1After Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war in June, 946, the Central Committee adopted his suggestion, changed the plan that the three armies of Taihang, Shandong and Central China attacked exterior lines at the same time, and agreed that the main force of the Central China Field Army would fight in the interior lines of Central China first. Since July, he has commanded more than 30,000 people in the Central China Field Army to fight against the Kuomintang army with10.2 million American-made equipment. Seven wins out of seven. In every battle, we concentrated our absolute superior forces to wipe out the enemy, killing more than 53,000 people in a month and a half, which inspired the confidence of the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas to dare to fight and win, and provided practical experience for the operational guidance in the early days of the liberation war. The Central Military Commission informed the whole army of the Soviet Union's combat experience and asked all districts to "act accordingly". In June 5438+00, after the Shandong and Central China field armies joined forces, they were responsible for the campaign command according to the central decision.

1947 1 Deputy Commander of East China Field Army, still in charge of campaign command. Strategically, he was still in the interior, and successively commanded the battles of Subei, Lunan, Laiwu, Taimeng and Menglianggu, and annihilated seven armies (reorganization divisions) including the 74th reorganization division of the Kuomintang and the 1 fast column, which was called the "trump card army". After the People's Liberation Army turned to the strategic offensive, together with Chen Yi, it led the main force of the East China Field Army into the southwest of Shandong, covered the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army to go south to Dabie Mountain, commanded the Shajiji Campaign, wiped out the enemy with 1 reorganization division, and forced the enemy to dispatch four reorganization divisions from Shandong and Dabie Mountain to help, thus realizing the transformation of the East China theater from inside to outside and from strategic defense to strategic attack, and then advancing into the border region of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu. He observed the development of the military and political situation, and put forward the proposal of 1948 to stop three columns from crossing the river south in October and April and concentrate their forces on fighting a big annihilation war in Huanghuai area, which was adopted by the central authorities. In May, Chen Yifeng was transferred to work in the Central Plains. He used to be the acting commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army. In June, he served as commander of the Henan-Anhui Soviet area. In June and July, he commanded eight columns of the East China Field Army and two columns of the Central Plains Field Army to carry out the Eastern Henan Campaign, wiped out more than 90,000 enemy troops, won a large-scale siege and aid to Vietnam, changed the strategic situation of the battlefields in the Central Plains and East China, disrupted the defense system of the Kuomintang army, and created favorable conditions for a larger-scale annihilation war later. In September, he commanded the battle of Jinan, conquered Jinan, a fortified city, and wiped out more than 65,438+10,000 people. On September 24th, the proposal of Huaihai Campaign was put forward. With the approval of the Central Military Commission, the Central Plains fought side by side with the East China Field Army and launched the Huaihai Campaign on June 6 165438. 1October 8th, 165438+ jointly put forward with Zhang zhen, deputy chief of staff of the East China Field Army, an important proposal to keep the main force of the Kuomintang army in Xuzhou and its surrounding areas and gradually annihilate it, which was adopted by the Central Military Commission, and played a positive role in expanding the scale of the Huaihai Campaign and developing it into a strategic decisive battle on the southern front. During the campaign, as a member of the General Front Committee of Huaihai Front in China, he directly commanded the East China Field Army 17 column. With the strategic vision and courage of an outstanding strategist, he made great contributions to the victory of Huaihai Campaign. The Huaihai Campaign wiped out more than 550,000 Kuomintang troops, and the East China Field Army under the command of Su Yu wiped out 440,000 enemy troops. Mao Zedong once said: "In the Huaihai Campaign, Su Yu made the first contribution!" At present, most military history researchers believe that the substantive process of the Huaihai Campaign was promoted by Su Yu.

1949 1 Deputy Commander and Second Deputy Political Commissar of the Third Field Army (still acting as Commander and Political Commissar). In the Battle of Crossing the River, the commander pursued and annihilated five fleeing enemies in langxi and Guangde Mountain areas in southern Anhui, and liberated Nanjing and Hangzhou. In May, he commanded the battle of Shanghai, wiped out eight main enemy forces outside Shanghai, and saved Shanghai from serious damage. He has served as deputy director of Shanghai Military Management Committee, director of Nanjing Military Management Committee, mayor of Nanjing, and vice chairman of East China Military and Political Committee. In the war of liberation, he was full of strategic foresight, good at handling the relationship between strategy and campaign, campaign and stage, concentrating and transferring troops in time, winning a series of important battles and accumulating rich experience in organizing and commanding large corps operations.

On September 30th, 1949, the party and state leaders held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square. Chairman Mao Zedong was the first person to shovel dirt. When I got up, I pulled Zhu De. After many people, I pulled Su Yu. Three people and He Long came forward to shovel dirt for the monument. Liu Bocheng, an army god, once said: Su Yu is the best general in our army.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as deputy chief of staff of China People's Revolutionary Military Commission, chief of staff of China People's Liberation Army, deputy minister of national defense, vice president of Academy of Military Sciences, first political commissar and member of the Standing Committee of China Central Military Commission. 1955 was awarded the rank of general and won the first-class August 1st Medal, the first-class Medal of Independence and Freedom and the first-class Medal of Liberation. He is a member of the 8th-11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the 1st-3rd National Defense Commission, a vice-chairman of the 3rd-5th National People's Congress, and a member of the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Advisory Committee.

During the work of the General Staff Department, he participated in guiding the Korean War, put forward many important suggestions, put forward a complete army building plan, and realized the construction of the first generation of national defense system in new China.

1958 was wrongly criticized at the enlarged meeting of the military commission and was treated unfairly for a long time. In the same year, he was transferred to Deputy Minister of National Defense and Vice President of Academy of Military Sciences. 1972 served as the first political commissar of the Academy of Military Sciences. He devoted himself to upholding and developing Mao Zedong's military thought and advocated studying military dialectics. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, it was proposed to emancipate the mind in the military field and study and answer new questions raised by modern warfare. He is a pioneer in the research and practice of military science. During the Cultural Revolution, he was a member of the State Council Business Group. Under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, he was responsible for railway, transportation, post and telecommunications, port construction and shipbuilding.

1984 died in Beijing on February 5th. After his death, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China said in his obituary that he was "particularly good at commanding large armies to fight", which was unique among the founding generals.

work

He is the author of Memoirs of Su Yu War, Wartime Staff Work and Su Yu Military Anthology. He has been a soldier all his life, and he has been through many battles and made many achievements, which fully shows his outstanding military thinking and superb command ability. He has made outstanding contributions to the revolutionization and modernization of our army and the development of military science.

evaluate

He is as wise as Sean (telling Kuomintang troops to fight a decisive battle north of the Yangtze River)

Just like Han Xin (the battle of Meng Lianggu, the head of a general in a million troops)

Just like Guan Yu, the word is handsome and the word is marshal. After his death, he was buried with the officers and men who died first. (Su Yu's tomb is in the Memorial Park for the Martyrs of Huaihai Campaign in the southern suburbs of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province)

"In the revolutionary war years, under the leadership of the party, I experienced hundreds of wars. Among the comrades who participated in the battles and battles with me, tens of thousands of martyrs died. I am still alive and saw the victory of the revolution. Behind me, don't hold a farewell ceremony, don't hold a memorial service, and hope to scatter my ashes on the land of Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong and Henan, which have been frequently fought, and stay with the comrades who have been sleeping there. "

"The chairman is in charge, and the commander-in-chief Wang Su wins the battle"-Suzhong folk songs.

"Dedicated to the people, two commanders, three advances, four crossings, one of the five general front committees, six injuries, seven wins in seven wars, eight provinces collecting dust, nine deaths and ten generals."

Cultural Revolution

Su Yu was not overthrown because of Mao Zedong's words, nor because Zhou Enlai protected him and used him ... To understand the struggle between Su Yu and Lin Biao and Jiang Qing in the Cultural Revolution, we must explain why he was not overthrown in the movement.

1958, a movement against dogmatism took place in the army, and Su Yu was removed from the post of chief of staff on trumped-up charges. Since then, he has been transferred to the Academy of Military Sciences as the vice president. This is actually a vacant position, that is, there is no right to work in the front line of the army. In the "Cultural Revolution", to some people, he was just a "dead tiger", and the edge of the struggle was not mainly aimed at him. At this time, someone thought of him.

That day, he suddenly received a phone call saying that Zhou Enlai wanted to talk to him. He was very nervous. When the Prime Minister met him, he said this: "Chairman Mao said that Su Yu has made meritorious military service! I will not be able to beat it for a while. "

Zhou Enlai asked him to go to the National Defense Industry Office as the head of the Military Management Group to support the defense industry, which was already very difficult at that time. Then he became a member of the State Council Business Group. It was the words of the supreme commander, which gave him a special experience of enduring humiliation during the Cultural Revolution.

But on the blacklist of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, Su Yu's name is impressively listed. In the Academy of Military Sciences, some rebels raised the banner of "Down with Ye (Jianying), Su (Yu) and Wang (Scholar)". In Jingxi Hotel, someone set up his task force and began to investigate what he called "special suspicion" ... 1967 "Central Cultural Revolution" rebellion, so-called "February countercurrent", and some people in the National Defense Industry Bureau shouted the slogan of overthrowing Su Yu and posted a big slogan of overthrowing Su Yu, saying that he was a member of "February countercurrent".

This time, Zhou Enlai stepped in. The next day, at the rebel meeting of the National Defense Industry Bureau, Premier Zhou Enlai, with quotations from Chairman Mao in his hand, sharply asked: "Who said that Su Yu was a February countercurrent? Come out! " "Who said that, you stand up!" "Who said that, you stand up!"

Zhou Enlai said it three times in a row, but no one dared to stand up. Su Yu was not knocked down. At that time, there was a fierce struggle between the two factions in the defense industry system. The "Central Cultural Revolution" supported one faction, while Lin Biao supported the other. The stalemate between the two factions often makes Su Yu unable to eat or sleep well. Although Mao Zedong spoke and Zhou Enlai tried to protect him, Su Yu didn't stay in the National Defense Office for long.

Lin Biao couldn't let him work in the national defense office, and soon let his cronies take power from him. At this time, Zhou Enlai found Su Yu again and said, "If you can't go back to the army now, just stay in the business group in the State Council. People are really needed here. "

Su Yu looked at the thin body of the Prime Minister and said, "Prime Minister, I will try my best to learn to do it. But please ask the Prime Minister to report to the Chairman for me. Once the war starts, I will still go to the front line. "

Of course, the Prime Minister understood the feelings of a general and nodded in agreement. On the one hand, Su Yu worked in the the State Council Business Group, and at the same time served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission twice ... During the war years, Su Yu was famous for sizing up the situation and being thoughtful. In the "Cultural Revolution", he was more cautious. Everything you say has been thought over and over again. This is not to say that he is timid, on the contrary, it is his art of struggle.

Major battle

In the Battle of Huangqiao, more than 7000- 15000 people in Su Yu were wiped out 1 10000 people.

There were more than 30,000 people in Su Yu during the Soviet period-1.2 million people, and 53,700 people were wiped out.

Su Yu lost 53,530 people in the Battle of Lunan.

Su Yu lost 56,800 people in the battle of Laiwu.

The battle of Meng Lianggu in Su Yu is unknown-about 450,000 people wiped out 32,680 people.

Su Yu lost 93,970 people in the Eastern Henan Campaign.

During the Huaihai Campaign, Su Yu, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi and Tan Zhenlin wiped out 555,570 of the 600,000 to 800,000 people.