Ask for enough information about the German environment! ~

In the municipal construction of Germany, environmental protection is listed as the top priority. In order to create a high-standard ecological environment in the city as soon as possible, Germany has invested heavily in cleaning, garbage disposal, expansion and new purification equipment for old garbage dumps. Environmental protection has become people's habit and has been integrated into daily life.

Strolling through the streets, colorful trash cans come into view. There are generally four brightly colored garbage bins in front of every German resident's house, with simple and easy-to-understand garbage classification patterns on them. Among them, the "yellow bucket" is specially used to hold waste metals, commodity packaging boxes and plastics, the "blue bucket" is used to swallow waste paper, the "black bucket" is used to hold ordinary garbage, and the "green bucket" is used to collect ecological garbage such as tea leaves, egg skins and leftovers newly classified from ordinary garbage. For old broken glass bottles, it is required to send them to the designated place, and then carefully put them into the designated boxes according to different colors. Some large old household appliances must be sent to special recycling places for treatment, and so on. Most Germans can strictly obey the rules. Due to the implementation of the garbage sorting and recycling system for many years, the garbage in German cities can be treated in time and scientifically, and the garbage pollution is obviously reduced.

Germany attaches great importance to environmental education for the younger generation, so that they can establish environmental awareness from an early age. Now, many primary and middle school students take to the streets voluntarily, planting trees, flowers, grass and cleaning up sundries. The national forest coverage has accounted for 1/3, including 1 1 "national parks" under special protection.

Today, Germany has formed an environmental protection industry that directly or indirectly employs 700,000 people, ranking first in the world.

German authorities have done a lot of work in reducing automobile exhaust emissions. Environmental protection advertisements can be seen everywhere in city streets, calling on people to use less private cars and take more public transport. In TV programs, such public service advertisements often appear: "For our environment, please take the bus instead!" On the big sign erected at the traffic intersection, the slogan "Please turn off the car engine when the red light is on" is written. In the past 10 years, the harmful substances in the air of German cities have been greatly reduced, and the Rhine River has become increasingly clear.

Germany has a land area of 370,000 square kilometers and a population density of 80 million. Most parts of Germany have a typical maritime climate, similar to Shanghai. Germany is a famous "green country", with fascinating lakes and mountains and world-famous environmental protection. In the south are the Alps and forests. There are Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and other big companies in the world. The famous Oktoberfest in Munich is held every year. In the central hills, there is the famous Ruhr area, Frankfurt Airport is the largest airport in continental Europe, and there are Hamburg Port and Volkswagen in the northern plain. From northern Germany to southern Germany, from industrial and mining to rural areas, the scenery is charming and the air is fresh. Continuous forests, open grasslands, pollution-free windmills and clear rivers all reflect the peace and harmony brought by environmental protection.

The Rhine was seriously polluted in the past.

Cepuch, chairman of the Nature Conservation Union, the largest environmental NGO in Germany, told reporters that German environmental awareness was gradually formed through painful lessons. In 1950s and 1960s, Germany was eager to change its backwardness after the war, actively developing its economy and neglecting environmental protection. Enterprises along the Rhine River directly discharged industrial wastewater into the river, causing serious river pollution. Figuratively speaking, the original photos can be developed by throwing them into the Rhine. Professor Qu Shiller, an environmental expert at the Technical University of Berlin, said that at that time, people could not see the blue sky in Ruhr, an important industrial zone in Germany, and the white sweatshirts they wore in the morning became dirty at night.

By the early 1970s, a series of environmental pollution disasters had taken place in Germany, with the emission of carbon dioxide greatly increasing, the life in the water drastically decreasing, the soil and groundwater around the garbage dump being polluted, the natural environment being destroyed, and the people suffering greatly. Environmental disasters make the government and people realize that the land, lakes and rivers on which people depend cannot provide resources for mankind indefinitely. So people pay more attention to the quality of life than the standard of living. Environmental protection has become the most urgent problem. All these have prompted the federal government to spend huge sums of money to manage the environment. A popular saying at that time was: It's time for us to pay the price for the environment.

Germany now has the most complete and detailed environmental protection law in the world.

Since 1970s, the then West German government has promulgated a series of laws and regulations on environmental protection. The Law on Garbage Disposal is the first environmental protection law in Germany. In the early 1990s, the German Parliament wrote the content of environmental protection into the revised Basic Law. Article 20 (a) of the Basic Law reads: "The state shall protect the basic conditions of nature in the spirit of being responsible for future generations." This clause has a great influence on the whole political field in Germany. At present, there are 8,000 federal and state environmental laws and regulations in Germany, in addition to about 400 relevant regulations of the European Union. Since 1972 passed the first environmental protection law, Germany has the most complete and detailed environmental protection law in the world.

German government, 16 state and county governments have official environmental protection agencies. In addition, there are many trans-regional environmental research institutions in Germany. The German government attaches great importance to environmental protection and has done a lot of work. The annual environmental protection loan of the federal government reaches nearly 100 billion euros (1 euro is about 10.8 yuan RMB), and the annual environmental protection investment of enterprises is between 3 billion and 4 billion euros. Therefore, Germany has formed an environmental protection industry that employs nearly one million people, and the annual export volume of environmental protection products ranks among the top in the world.

Germany has also set up an environmental police. The reporter interviewed an environmental police, who said that the German environmental police are affiliated to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. Every environmental policeman has to undergo a year and a half of professional training. The task of environmental police is to take immediate remedial measures when environmental pollution is discovered. Everything from the leakage of chemical toxins to the sale of unsanitary food is within their jurisdiction. The environmental police acted quickly. They check environmental pollution by patrolling and using telemetry tools. Once they found the environmental pollution, they immediately took effective measures to control the pollution in the minimum range. Any stream is a bubble, and the environmental police will take samples; All environmental protection matters that have been legislated are strictly enforced by the police within their jurisdiction, such as fish deaths, smoke from garbage bins, leakage of waste oil or fogging of waste gas. These are forbidden.

Germans regard environmental protection as the second biggest problem in China after employment.

According to a public opinion poll recently released by the Federal Ministry of Environmental Protection, 85% of people regard environmental protection as the second biggest problem in China after employment, and 75% of them hope that Germany will continue to maintain its leading position in the EU in environmental protection policy.

During the German general election in 2002, the Social Democratic Party failed to do a good job in the economy in the past few years, which put the German economy in trouble. The polls at that time showed that there was little hope for the Social Democratic Party to be in power again. At this time, a flood hit several cities in Germany. Chancellor Schroeder seized the opportunity to talk about the importance of environmental protection and adopted many environmental protection measures, which won the hearts of the people, so he was re-elected smoothly. In recent years, the popularity of the German Green Party, which takes environmental protection as its platform, has risen and won local elections in succession. Fischer, leader of the Green Party and foreign minister, is regarded by Germans as the most popular politician. One of the reasons is that Fischer's long-term environmental image of commuting by bike and not eating meat has won people's favor.

Germans' environmental awareness has changed from passive environmental protection to personal consciousness. Garbage classification can best reflect the environmental awareness of Germans. Professor Qu Xile, who was interviewed by the reporter, is also the head of the agricultural department of Berlin Technical University. He built a biological recycling system in his yard, treated the garbage himself, made the biological garbage into fertilizer to grow flowers, used solar energy to generate electricity and used biogas as fuel.

It should be said that garbage sorting has brought a lot of trouble to residents, especially those living in high-rise buildings. They have to send more than a dozen kinds of garbage to the sorting bucket downstairs, and it may take several times to go up and down the stairs once. A German neighbor of the reporter not only conscientiously implemented the garbage classification regulations, but also consciously supervised others. If he finds someone throwing rubbish in the wrong place, he will pick it up one by one and put it back.

Journalists often travel, and a striking message is posted in the bathrooms of many hotels in Germany: "Dear guests, environmental protection should start from scratch. In order to save energy and reduce the number of towel changes, can towels be reused? " On the streets of German cities, environmental advertisements can be seen everywhere. There are many advertisements in Berlin calling on people to reduce the use of private cars. A municipal official in Berlin once asked a reporter: Have you noticed that the roads in German cities are very narrow, usually only two? This is because the first consideration of German municipal construction is environmental protection, rather than adapting roads to the increasing number of vehicles. Many big cities in Germany are interested in building narrower and narrower roads, so that people with private cars can't find parking spaces and let them reconsider using public transport. At present, there are more than 90 car sharing associations in Germany with nearly 70,000 members. A * * * car can replace 6- 10 private cars.

In Germany, recycled paper is widely used, from students' exercise books to shop assistants' receipt papers, from envelopes and stamps to various newspapers and magazines, from restaurant napkins to toilet paper. These papers have not been bleached because a considerable part of the environmental pollution caused by the paper industry comes from the bleaching process. At the same time, recycled paper has many advantages. It does not contain any allergens, carcinogens or colored substances. According to statistics, in 2003, the utilization rate of recycled paper in Germany reached 60%.

In Germany, most people who go shopping in supermarkets bring their own shopping bags. If you want to use the plastic shopping bag provided by the store, you have to pay at least 0.25 euro more, and 0.25 euro can buy 5 eggs in the supermarket. Although there are many forests in Germany, few people sell matches. The local people think that there are not many trees in Germany, and the cost of making matches is too high, which is not conducive to environmental protection.

2 million people are engaged in environmental protection

The reporter saw a report about an "unpackaged" art performance group in a magazine published by this organization. The program of this art troupe aims to introduce people to how to reduce the amount of garbage. Their performance form is very popular with children, so the troupe is mainly children, and some programs also involve children. Through such performances, the children learned the importance of environmental protection and mastered a lot of environmental protection knowledge.

Children get an environmentally friendly notebook as soon as they go to school.

If the German government promoted the start of environmental protection through tough measures such as laws in the 1970s and 1980s, now Germany makes people realize the importance of environmental protection through publicity and education. Environmental education in Germany began at an early age. German laws and regulations on early childhood education stipulate that kindergartens should take teaching young children to keep themselves and the surrounding environment clean as an important content.

German first-grade pupils will receive an environmental notebook when they report to school for the first time, and children can use it to describe their environmental protection activities. The environmentally friendly notebook is exquisitely designed, and beautiful landscape photos are printed on the upper left corner of each page. The editor told the children to love nature and protect the environment consciously. It is said that there are more than 370 forest kindergartens in Germany, that is, simple houses are built in the forest, so that children can live in nature, know the wonders of nature from an early age, and know that they have the responsibility to protect nature.

In the course of knowledge of nature for German students, the content of nature and environmental protection education for students is very specific and direct, and the teaching content is relatively more. The reporter learned from the neighbors' children that when they were in the animal knowledge class of "Birds in Winter in My Hometown", the teacher took them to the nearby forest to learn about the characteristics of birds' winter life, the difficulty of birds looking for food in winter, and so on, and asked the students to bring some nuts, bread and other foods to feed the birds.

It is precisely because of decades of legal governance, the practice of the whole people participating in the environmental protection movement, and the cultivation of children's environmental awareness from an early age that Germany has today's beautiful scenery.