Detailed data of Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province

Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province is located in the west of lingbao city, at the northern foot of Xiaoqinling at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi, and belongs to the forest ecological nature reserve. The total protected area is 15 160 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 8 1.2%. The jurisdiction of the reserve is the state-owned Sanmenxia Hexi Forest Farm. 1982 The people of Henan Province approved the establishment of Xiaoqinling provincial nature reserve, and in February 2006, the State Council approved the promotion to national nature reserve.

The main protection objects of nature reserves are forest ecosystem diversity, biological species diversity, various animal and plant species in nature reserves and their living environment. There are 0/3 species of national key protected plants and 27 species of national protected animals in the nature reserve.

There are 1029 species of seed plants endemic to China in this nature reserve. The model specimens are Rhododendron Lingbao, Delphinium Lingbao, Kiwifruit in Henan and so on. Many plants take this area as the south or north boundary, which has high scientific research value.

Chinese name: Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province Geographical location: west of lingbao city, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province Climate: temperate continental monsoon semi-arid climate level: national nature reserve area: 15 160 hectares Protection object: mountain mixed ecosystem type: forest ecosystem type Approval time: 20. In March, 2006, the state-owned Sanmenxia Hexi Forest Farm was established with historical evolution, geographical environment, geographical location, geological landform, climate, soil, water system, regional scope, protection objectives, protection objects, plant resources, animal resources, management measures, tourism information, protection value and historical evolution 1956. 65438-0982, Henan Province approved the establishment of Xiaoqinling Provincial Nature Reserve on the basis of state-owned Sanmenxia Hexi Forest Farm. In February 2006, with the approval of the State Council, Xiaoqinling Provincial Nature Reserve was upgraded to Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve. Geographical environment Geographical location Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve is located at the northern foot of Xiaoqinling at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi, west of lingbao city, Henan Province, with geographical coordinates of 34 23 ′-34 31′ north latitude and110 44 east longitude. Geology and Geomorphology Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve is located in the southern margin of North China Platform, which is a part of the western Henan fault uplift in the southern margin of North China Platform and borders the Qinling geosyncline fold system in the south. Its occurrence and development are mainly controlled by the basement of the North China platform, and strongly influenced by the Qinling ancient trough and the Mesozoic coastal Pacific tectonic activities. Xiaoqinling has a complex terrain and steep terrain, with a general slope of 30-500. There are 19 peaks over 2000m in China, with a relative height of1.202m.. The climate protection zone belongs to the continental monsoon semi-arid climate of warm temperate zone, with four distinct seasons. Affected by the topography and the Yellow River surface, it is mostly northwest wind in autumn and winter, southeast wind in spring and summer, cold rain and snow in winter, dry wind in spring, warm rainstorm in late summer, clear autumn and long sunshine. The annual average climate temperature is 11.2 ~14.2℃, the monthly average temperature is -0.3℃, the average temperature in July is 27.2℃, the extreme low temperature is 17℃, and the extreme high temperature is 42.7℃. The surface layer is humus layer with high nutrient content, light texture and different soil layers. Leaching cinnamon soil and cinnamon soil are distributed in the reserve at an altitude of 780- 1 100 meters, brown soil and brown soil are distributed above100 meters, and Laoyacha distributes a small area of mountain meadow soil. The water system reserve belongs to the Yellow River system. The Yellow River flows from Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, and flows eastward along the northern edge of lingbao city. All rivers in the reserve flow into the Yellow River. Rivers originating in Xiaoqinling mainly include Shahe River, Yangping River, Zaoxiang River, Shili River and Shuangqiao River. The regional scope of Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province is 3 1km from east to west, 12km from north to south, and the narrowest part is only 1km, showing an irregular belt shape. Total area 15 160 hectares, including core area 5 147 hectares, buffer area 256 1 hectare and experimental area 7452 hectares. The east of the reserve is bounded by Jingshanyu Dongshan Liang; It is bounded by Xiaoqinling Valley in the south, adjacent to the collective forest area of Zhuyang Town by Lianhua Cave, the main peak of Niangniang Mountain and Yanwanggou in the west, and bordered by Luonan County in Shaanxi Province by Fengmen in the west. The west is bounded by the assembly line of Daxiyu main ditch, adjacent to Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province. The northern boundary is connected with the collective forest area, from west to east, from the south beam of Shanglimugou to the northeast of Wenyu Jiunaigou brain, from Jiunaigou assembly line to Wenyu main ditch, from Dong Zi Lake, Bodhisattva Bottom, Huoshiya and Yaozishan in east longitude to the north beam of Kongtadougou, from the north beam of Danangou in east longitude to the west beam of Linghu, from the north to Linghu Reservoir, and from the east to Jingshan Meiyukou. The main protection objects of Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province are the diversity of forest ecosystem, biological species, various animal and plant species and their living environment. As of August, 20 14, there are seed plants 134 families, 7 10 genera, 1997 species and varieties in the nature reserve. Among them, gymnosperms 1 1 species belong to 5 families and 9 genera, and angiosperms 1986 species belong to 70 1 genus 129 families. There are three kinds of national key protected plants 13 in the nature reserve, including two kinds of national first-class protected plants: Ginkgo biloba and Taxus chinensis. Plants in National Second-class Reserve 1 1 Species: Abies Qinling, Picea crassifolia, Fraxinus mandshurica, Fragrant Fruit Tree, Cerambycladus japonicus, Eucommia ulmoides, Zelkova Zelkova, Wild Soybean, Gastrodia elata, Zoysia japonica, Agropyron Huashan. The endemic species in this area are Rhododendron Lingbao and Delphinium Lingbao. There are 30 genera endemic to China and 50 genera single species in Qinling Abies Nature Reserve, such as Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Alpinia officinarum, Shu, Jima, Kalopanax septemlobus, Hericium erinaceus, Polygonum hydropiper and other ancient species with relatively primitive phylogeny. There are many ancient remnants of plants before Tertiary in the reserve, including pteridophytes, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Pistacia vera and so on. There are many kinds of flora that originated in Tertiary, such as oak, chestnut, birch, elm, beech and Broussonetia papyrifera, and shrubs such as Vitex negundo, Cotinus coggygria and Zizyphus jujuba. As of August 20 14, there are 15 orders, 153 families, amphibians 1060 species, birds1species, animals 16 orders in the nature reserve. There are 0/9 species of national key protected birds/kloc-in the nature reserve, including 2 species of national first-class protected birds: golden eagle and black stork. It belongs to the national second-class protected birds 17 species, including kites, goshawks, sparrows, red-bellied eagles, giant lobsters, common lobsters and magpies of Falconidae, red-footed falcons and kestrels of Falconidae, pheasants, golden pheasants, owls of pheasants, etc. There are 7 species of national key protected animals in impala nature reserve, including 2 species of national first-class protected animals: leopard and forest musk deer; There are five kinds of national second-class protected animals: golden cat, jackal, yellow-throated mink, gazelle and impala. Both the golden cat and the impala are on the list of vulnerable species. There is also a reptile national second-class protected animal giant salamander in the reserve. Management measures 1985, Xiaoqinling provincial nature reserve management office was established, which consists of three management stations and a forestry police station, with 13 managers. 1987, the people of Lingbao county promulgated "Several Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve", and the Forestry Bureau of Lingbao county promulgated "Several Provisions on Implementing the Protection of Xiaoqinling Cooperative Forest" to stop the destructive activities such as indiscriminate digging, mining and hunting in this area. 20 10, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration was established. At the level of organizational system, it is a self-supporting institution. In 20 12, lingbao city * * * issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Environmental Improvement of Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province, and implemented measures such as classified closure of mines in the reserve, suspension of production for rectification, improvement of environmental protection procedures, strengthening supervision, etc., and implemented ecological restoration of the surrounding environment of mines in the core area and buffer zone. Tourist information attractions include Mountain Provincial Forest Park, Xiaoqinling National Geopark, Wu Ya Provincial Scenic Area, Wu Ya National Forest Park and Niangniangshan Scenic Area. In the nature reserve, Laoya Cha 'nao is 24 13.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Henan. Travel route ① Laocrow brain summit: 2-3 days on foot. ② Wuya crossing from south to north: 2-3 days on foot. ③ Crossing from Cheyu to Quanshuiyu: 3-4 days on foot. ④ Peak of Hanshan Mountain: 65438+ 0-2 days on foot. ⑤ Niangniang Mountain climbs the peak: 65438+ 0-2 days on foot. Protection Value Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in Henan Province has the diversity of forest ecosystem, biological species, various animal and plant species and their living environment. The unique geographical environment and diverse plant communities provide superior conditions for the formation and reproduction of species. Biological species in this area are rare to some extent, and many tertiary flora elements have been preserved in this area. There are many unique and disabled survivors in China, who are direct descendants of tertiary flora, which makes the flora in this area have a certain antiquity in origin. According to Albert C. Smith's research on primitive angiosperms, there are primitive angiosperms 16 families, 46 genera 1 12 species in this area, which also reflects the ancient flora of this area. China is endemic to seed plants 1029, which is the richest endemic to Henan, accounting for 49% of all plants in this area. Many plants regard this area as the southern boundary or the northern boundary, which also has high scientific research value. The vertical band spectrum of plant community in this area is clear and the plant substitution is obvious. This area is also an ideal place to study the vertical distribution of forest ecosystem in transitional areas.