Bid and bid seal, and bid documents.

Bidding refers to a kind of market transaction behavior in which the conditions and requirements of purchasing goods, projects or services are made public within a certain range, many bidders are invited to participate in bidding, and the trading objects are selected according to the prescribed procedures.

Bidding method

Bidding is divided into open bidding and invitation bidding. Public bidding means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid through the tender announcement. Invitation to bid means that a tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid.

Bidding agent

The tenderer has the right to choose a bidding agency and entrust it to handle the bidding matters. A bidding agency is a social intermediary organization established according to law to engage in bidding agency business and provide services.

Bidding procedures

The bidding procedure for government procurement is generally: 1. The purchaser shall prepare a plan and report it to the government procurement office of the Ministry of Finance for review; 2. The procurement office shall go through the entrustment formalities with the bidding agency and determine the bidding method; 3. Conduct market research and prepare bidding documents after confirming the procurement project with the purchaser. 4. Issue a tender announcement or an invitation to tender; 5. Sell the bidding documents and prequalify the potential bidders; 6, accept the bidder's bid; 7. Bid opening at the time and place specified in the announcement or invitation letter; 8. The bid evaluation committee will review the bid documents; 9, according to the evaluation principles and procedures to determine the winning bidder; 10, send the bid-winning notice to the winning bidder; 1 1. Organize the winning bidder to sign a contract with the purchasing unit; 12, supervise and manage the performance of the contract, and solve the dispute between the winning bidder and the purchasing unit.

The characteristics or essential elements of bidding as a procurement method

(1) program specification. In the bidding activities, there are strict procedures and rules in every link from bidding, bid evaluation, calibration to contract signing. These procedures and rules are legally binding, and the parties cannot change them at will.

(2) Prepare bidding documents. In the bidding activities, the tenderee must prepare the bidding documents, and the bidders should also prepare the bidding documents accordingly to participate in the bidding. The tenderer shall organize the bid evaluation committee to review and compare the bidding documents and determine the winning bidder. Therefore, whether to prepare bidding documents is one of the most important characteristics that distinguish bidding from other procurement methods.

(3) openness. The basic principle of bidding is "openness, fairness and justice", and the procurement behavior is placed in a transparent environment to prevent corruption. This principle is embodied in all aspects of bidding activities: the tenderer should publish a tender announcement in the designated newspaper or other media and invite all potential bidders to participate in bidding; Specify the technical specifications of the goods, projects or services to be purchased in the tender documents, evaluate and compare the tender documents, and select the criteria for winning the bid; Open bid opening at the same time as the deadline for submission of bid documents; Before determining the winning bidder, the tenderer shall not negotiate with the bidder on the bid price, bid plan and other substantive contents. In this way, the bidding activities are completely under the public supervision of the society, which can prevent unfair trading behavior.

(4) One-time effect. In general trading activities, buyers and sellers often have to negotiate many times before they can clinch a deal. The bidding is different. After the bidder submits the bid documents, the tenderer shall not negotiate with the bidder on the bid price and other substantive contents before determining the winning bidder. In other words, the bidder can only quote once, and can't bargain with the tenderer, and use this quotation as the basis for signing the contract. The above four elements basically reflect the essence of bidding procurement, and are also the standards and basis for judging whether a procurement activity belongs to bidding procurement.

Article 3 of the Auction Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Auction Law) stipulates that auction refers to the way of buying and selling specific commodities or property rights to the highest bidder in the form of open bidding.