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How to cultivate self-control among middle school students

Self-control is the ability to exercise self-restraint. The quality of a person's restraint ability can determine a person's psychological taste, health status, and the extent of his or her intelligence.

Although people's self-control is innate, acquired influence, education, and self-cultivation are more important. The cultivation of self-control, like the cultivation of other abilities, should be done as early as possible.

The cultivation of self-control can be carried out through four links: guidance, induction, practice, and reinforcement. They are inseparable and integrated.

1. Guidance

The purpose of guidance is to avoid and eliminate the incentives for students to become impulsive and cause trouble due to emotional out-of-control. This method is especially important for the following students.

(1) Congenital low self-control

It is difficult to cultivate the self-control of such students. It is time-consuming and slow to produce results. The methods of counseling are:

A. The love-melting method is to use the love of teachers and classmates to melt the hard "pimples" of these students. Teachers should care about their studies, their bodies, lives, and their interpersonal relationships; they should talk to them more and ask about their welfare. At the same time, they should educate other students to get close to them, understand them, and study and play with them so that they do not have or Less students are "hot".

B. Target-shifting method of venting, that is, when they lose their temper, the teacher skillfully diverts their anger to avoid collision or harm. The teacher can comfort them first and then delay them.

C. The method of eliminating qi through exercise is to use physical exercise to release the accumulated heat in the human body and consume the excess energy, which plays a good role in fitness and mental training. It has been observed that people will feel calmer within three days after experiencing a strenuous physical activity.

D. Diet selection method, that is, choosing certain foods, such as cigarettes, alcohol, and chili peppers, can increase people's blood pressure, accelerate heartbeat, and make people excited, which also reduces self-control. Therefore, they should not eat or eat less. It's better to stick to it.

(2) Endocrine disorder type

The guidance for this type of students has many similarities and differences with students with congenital weak self-control, mainly:

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A. It should be combined with drug treatment or psychological treatment;

B. It is more important to show love to students who have lost their loved ones and comfort them more.

C. Games or entertainment. If they are primary school children, let them (even better with a teacher) play games such as hide-and-seek, blind man and elephant.

D. It is necessary to carry out adolescent health education, sex education, and improve unity between boys and girls.

(3) Other types

1. Only child syndrome

This type of students generally has the following characteristics: bossy, willful, stubborn, and too high self-esteem. Strong, too strong self-awareness, overconfidence, poor self-care ability, inability to endure hardship, etc.

To cultivate the self-control of such students, we must first combine family education and obtain family support. Therefore, it is necessary to visit multiple families and hold parent training classes. If possible, let students live in schools and live a collective life, allowing students to manage themselves and educate themselves; secondly, educate them to establish ambitious goals early and pursue them hard; thirdly, conduct setback training to let them Withstand difficulties and setbacks; the fourth is to carry out legal education and moral education.

2. Patron effect, self-superior radiation type

The patron effect type means that the parents or other relatives of the students have become cadres or have honors or are "Golden Gods", and the students therefore As a result, they become complacent and arrogant. Most of them are fearless, do not accept the teacher's discipline, do not study hard, and get angry at the slightest criticism.

The first step in educating such students is to provide legal education and moral education; the second step is to invite people with status and prestige to assist in education; the third step is to eliminate their own sense of superiority and advise parents Limit their unreasonable demands and pay attention to the types of friends they have. If they are criticized and punished, parents should help and do not protect them.

The radiation type of self-superiority is the idea that students are superior to others due to their superior appearance, body shape, voice quality, intelligence, talents, etc. They are self-righteous, arrogant, unable to listen to objections, and are jealous. Some even play pranks to play tricks on others so as to find fault with the teacher.

The method of guidance is to make the best use of the situation, put more burdens on the shoulders, and make more contributions. Confucius' words and deeds such as "amongst three people must have my teacher", "sages are impermanent teachers", "sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions" are very good teaching materials for this kind of students. In short, we should encourage them to bring out their advantages and use them in a righteous way, so as to achieve success as soon as possible.

3. Competition Syndrome

Reasonable competition can destroy people's progress, but its side effects should also attract our attention. Various school competitions, various competitive examinations, daily examination rankings, and the pressure of entrance examinations will cause students to have varying degrees of fear, causing internal pressure, tension, irritability, and sometimes even a sense of loss for some students.

The method of guidance is: pay attention to students’ emotions before and after each competition and arrange breaks reasonably. Those students whose grades are not as good as expected should be comforted and enlightened in a timely manner; those who are winners should be advised not to be too excited to ensure that students are mentally relaxed and balanced.

In addition, school beautification, purification, and greening are also important aspects of education and should be paid attention to.

2. Induction

The purpose of induction is to enable students to understand the role of self-control, to abandon negative emotions, and to actively and consciously cultivate self-control.

(1) Teachers set an example

Most students have the habit of imitating the teachers they admire. Therefore, teachers should have an elegant and generous manner, and the courage to deal with situations without panic. The demeanor of not being angry gives students something to learn from and gradually develops the ability to control themselves.

(2) Use famous quotes to guide students

A considerable number of famous quotes, mottos, aphorisms, proverbs, epigrams, etc. are meant to advise people to cultivate their moral character. If used properly, they can become students’ pursuits. Signposts on the road to perfecting psychological quality. Teachers can write these famous quotes and mottos as slogans as school mottos or let students copy them as mottos so that they can always refer to them and practice.

(3) Infect students with stories

There are many stories in the world about how softness is used to control toughness, disasters are eliminated through tolerance, and death is caused by violence. Their effects and influences are subtle.

(4) Set an example

All politicians and educators attach great importance to the role of role models, and those engaged in psychological education regard it as a stimulant and a tonic. Teachers should be good at observation and understanding, and set students with strong self-control as role models, so that other students can hear and see what they have learned, and imitate their behavior and thoughts. At the same time, they can also react on the students who set role models.

The above methods of induction are discussed. As long as the teacher induces correctly, students' interest will be aroused and practice will be much less labor-intensive.

3. Exercise

The purpose of the exercise is to guide students to learn to be generous to others and to maintain a balanced mentality at all times. Methods of practicing self-control can be divided into two broad categories: direct and indirect.

(1) Directly

1. Hold a debate. The content of the debate can be political, class-related, or intellectual. The method is that the teacher or class leader first raises questions for the students to argue. Those who are guilty of talking over others, being rude, using strong words, sarcastically sarcastic, etc. will be deducted as appropriate. Points will also be deducted for those who do not speak;

2 .Provocation method. Teachers should pay attention to "spreading right from wrong" and "confusing right and wrong", and see how students correct the teacher. Teachers can measure "qi" and score.

(2) Indirect method

There are many methods of indirect practice, which have been covered in the "Guidance" section, such as frustration training, hide-and-seek, sports, etc. Of course There are many other ways.

No matter which practice method is used, the teacher should explain its meaning and method, and then give a grade.

4. Reinforcement

The purpose of reinforcement is to enable students to maintain the sentiments they have developed and form habits.

To strengthen students' self-control, we must try to help students learn to regulate themselves, educate themselves, and educate students to understand their own emotional cycles. Sometimes the criminal cases of some criminals can be used as negative education to educate students.

The means of strengthening can be through inspection, evaluation, and calling on students to supervise each other. Those who are outstanding must be praised and rewarded, and those who are not good must be patiently guided and educated until they change.

The cultivation and improvement of students' self-control will benefit students throughout their lives, but this is a very complex psychological quality education. It is difficult to say which method is most suitable for a certain situation. Only by relying on teachers to deeply understand students , understand students, continue to explore and summarize, in order to achieve better results.

Improving learning efficiency is a very important issue. Many students' poor academic performance is often caused by low learning efficiency. Low learning efficiency is often caused by many factors. Lower interest in learning, bad study habits, physical illness, etc. can all affect learning efficiency. Below, we conduct a comprehensive examination of this.

1. Self-evaluation of learning problems

Every poor learner does not necessarily really understand what his or her problems are. If you want to prescribe the right medicine and solve the problem, you must self-evaluate your learning problems. It becomes particularly important. Self-evaluation of learning problems can be mainly carried out from the following aspects:

l. Time arrangement issues

Poor learners should reflect on the following issues: (1) Whether they rarely set clear goals before learning, such as how much content they need to complete in how much time. (2) Whether there is often no fixed time schedule for studying. (3) Do you often procrastinate so that homework cannot be completed on time? (4) Whether the study plan is always valid only in the first few days. (5) Whether the study time per week is less than 10 hours. (6) Whether you spend all your time studying.

2. Attention issues

(1) Whether the state of complete concentration can only be maintained for 10 to 15 minutes. (2) When studying, are there often novels, magazines and other things around me that distract me? (3) Do you often have whimsical experiences while studying? (4) Do you often learn while chatting with others?

3. Questions about interest in learning

(1) Does your head feel bloated when you see a book? (2) Do you only like liberal arts and not science? (3) Do you often need to force yourself to study? (4) Whether you have never consciously strengthened your learning behavior.

4. Learning method issues

(1) Whether question sea battles are often used to improve problem-solving abilities. (2) Whether mechanical memory method is often used. (3) Have you ever asked for advice on learning methods from classmates who are good at studying? (4) Do you never ask the teacher for advice? (5) Whether you rarely take the initiative to study extracurricular supplementary readings.

Generally speaking, when answering the above questions, the more affirmative answers (answer "yes"), the lower the learning efficiency. Every student with learning problems should list his main problems from the above four categories of problems, and then carry out targeted treatment. For example, a student's problem is as follows: in terms of time arrangement, he always likes to put off tasks to his second husband; in terms of attention issues, he always likes to read while chatting with others in the dormitory; in terms of interest in learning, he I am not interested in professional courses, but I am very interested in some courses in side departments; I mainly use mechanical memory method in learning methods. Once the student's illness is listed, we can take effective treatment measures.

2. Self-improvement method

1. SQ3R method

The SQ3R method proposed by Robinson is a good way to improve learning efficiency. SQ3R is abbreviated from the first letters of Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review.

(1) Survey: that is, reading in summary. When you want to read a book or an article, you must use the title and subtitle to know the general content, and you must also grasp the beginning, end and paragraphs to ask the sentences that connect the previous and the next.

In this way, you will have a clearer goal that is conducive to further learning.

(2) Question: When studying, you should focus on basic issues such as people, events, time, place, reasons, etc., and at the same time look for what you don’t understand. Ground ΑH绻? eggplant? Aolao model? は dad machine milk 嵛士 a little stride secluded 阍诳诳即箟矟斡guava馐dine R? filler core 隓鹹鹹馐萱鰳艽?hope to wait for the bad excrement of the persimmon Xi? Turbulent Ji? Zhu Mu Panfu?

(3) Reading (Read): The purpose of reading is to find the answer to the question. There is no need to chew on words, but focus on understanding the meaning. Some books should be read quickly, which will help improve your knowledge, while some books should be read carefully and the meaning is pondered over and over again.

(4) Recite: After reading a few paragraphs, close the book and think about what was said before. You can make some simple reading summaries in your own language to find out the key expressions. Words use refined language to summarize thoughts into several points. This not only helps memorize, recite or repeat, but also helps improve expression skills and makes thinking more logical. This method of trying to memorize is more effective than simply reading it over and over again.

(5) Review: After reading the entire content, it is necessary to review it again. When reviewing, you can refer to the summary of notes to distinguish the different meanings of each level between paragraphs. The main function of review is to avoid forgetting. Generally speaking, timely review is the most effective. As time goes by, review can be gradually reduced, but regular review will help to consolidate the learning effect. The so-called "the fist never leaves the hand, the tune never leaves the mouth", that is meaning.

2. Self-shaping method

The SQ3R method introduced above is a learning method that can only solve learning problems caused by lack of methods. For learning problems caused by other reasons, other methods need to be comprehensively considered. The self-shaping method is a comprehensive method.

(1) Select a target. After analyzing the reasons for low learning efficiency, you have found out the crux of your problem, but you should not be impatient to change it. Instead, you should first choose one of the more feasible ones to make key breakthroughs. We often observe that some students immediately formulate a grand study plan after receiving a scolding from their elders. In fact, nine times out of ten, such plans will not be implemented. When I was learning English, one day I suddenly decided to start by reading the original novel. As a result, I borrowed the world-famous book "Martin. Eden" and announced to my friends that I would spend a month reading this book. As a result, I couldn't even finish reading the first page because there were so many new words in it. Later, I chose a more moderate learning goal, starting with an abbreviated version of world famous books. As a result, the more I read, the more interested I became, and I no longer regarded English as a daunting path.

(2) Implement a new learning program. If your crux is procrastination, in order to overcome this shortcoming, you should set a rule for yourself and not sleep until you complete the scheduled tasks every day. If your compliment is about inattention, then you should analyze the reason for the inattention. If you are not concentrating on reading in the dormitory, you should order yourself to read in the classroom. If you are not focused after reading for half an hour, you should take a short break or change the study content. If the reason is that you are not interested in reading, first try to read books that you are interested in or change the boring reading method, combine reading with work, entertainment, cultivate your temperament, or give yourself certain rewards for your study. After persisting for a period of time, as good habits are formed, interest in learning will gradually become stronger.