What is the knowledge of kayaking?

Canoeing is an important water sport, which many people don't understand. Let me tell you what you know about kayaking.

Canoeing knowledge:

Canoeing is a sport. It entered the Olympic Games as a performance event in 1924, and became an official Olympic event in 1936. In 1972, canoeing adds rapids.

Due to the high cost, the project also withdrew from the Olympic Games immediately after the Munich Olympic Games. The project was resumed in Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992, retained in Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, and held in Sydney Olympic Games. European countries such as Germany, Sweden and the former Soviet Union have always had an advantage in still water competitions.

Canoe classification:

Fancy boat

In canoeing, fancy canoeing is a new sport. 1999 Canada.

Fancy Boat Riot Kayak Baitu Kayak Company designed the first modern fancy boat disco. Fancy kayak is a relatively small kayak, which is small in size and short in length and suitable for fancy sports. The general length is about 175gal-2 10cm, and the volume is about 4 1gal-60gal. Due to the length and volume, it is not recommended to take it downstream.

When the types of fancy kayaks are subdivided, they can be roughly divided into two types. One is the cartwheel base, and the other is the cartwheel base of the aerial base. Fancy canoes usually have a flat bow and stern design.

Therefore, it is easy to insert the bow and stern into the water, so it is suitable for bow stall, stern stall and cartweeel. Please refer to this wonderful action movie. Relatively speaking, it is unstable because the bow and stern are easily inserted into the water, which requires good control skills.

Riptide boat

Its body and volume are very large, which is more suitable for the exploration of Xiaxi or short-distance rivers, and its length varies according to the terrain.

different

Riptide boats are generally about 220-300 cm long and about 65-80 gallons in volume. Riptide boats are divided into two types, one is river-running and the other is crawling. Usually, the running capacity of rivers is about 65 gallons, which is suitable for waters below 3+, while the crawling capacity is about 74-85 gallons. Creeking is strongly recommended in waters above level 4 and extreme challenges.

Ocean ship

The boat is slender, generally more than 4 meters, with a stern rudder, which is easy to control the direction and suitable for long-distance travel.

The short-distance travel boat in ocean-going ships has a wide and smooth hull, which is suitable for beginners to travel short distances.

Platform canoes are mostly used for leisure, and many surfing boats are platform boats.

The fishing boat is a leisure boat specially designed for fishing enthusiasts, with the addition of fishing racks, bait boxes and anchor racks.

Fishing boat 5 kayaks edited separately. Rowing and kayaking are divided into two categories: speed race and slalom race. The speed race is held in still water, while the slalom race is held in moving water.

Specific events of canoeing competition:

The specific events are as follows: men's 12 still water events: 500m single kayak, 500m double kayak,1000m single kayak,1000m double kayak and1000m four kayak;

500m single rowing boat, 500m double rowing boat,1000m single rowing boat and1000m double rowing boat; Slalom events: kayak, canoe and canoe; Women's four still water events: 500m canoe, 500m canoe, 500m canoe, canoe, canoe, canoe, canoe, canoe, canoe, canoe and canoe.

Jet slalom racing system

Four Rapids Revolving Projects

Men's canoe slalom, men's canoe slalom, men's canoe slalom and women's canoe slalom. Players must cross a waterway with 25 obstacle gates in flowing waters.

The player with the lowest cumulative time (including penalty time) will win. Players will be fined for two seconds every time they touch the obstacle gate. Missing the barrier door is the most serious foul and will be fined for 50 seconds each time.

Still water competition system

The competition is held in still water, and all participants must follow their own tracks strictly.

There are two kinds of racing boats: rowing boats and kayaks. The main difference between these two kinds of boat races lies in the position of paddlers and the type of paddles used.

Rowing is an open boat, in which athletes paddle with a single paddle at the position where their knees are bent. Each rowing boat can take one or two rowers (C 1 or C2), and rowers are limited to men.

Canoeing is a closed boat, in which players use their feet to control the mechanical rudder to paddle and control the hull. The paddles used have paddles at both ends. Kayak can carry one, two or four passengers (K 1, K2 and K4). There are men's kayak competition and women's kayak competition in the Olympic Games.

Canoeing site requirements:

Site facilities of still water project

In the Olympic Games, still water kayaking usually shares a waterway with rowing. In order to meet the needs of rowing, the track must meet the following minimum measurement range requirements.

Length1400m (linear distance), width120m, and minimum depth of 2m; At least one straight river bank next to the waterway is 50 meters away from the first waterway.

The river bank is a gentle wave-proof slope, made of big stones or other special materials, forming a net so that waves will not roll over the river bank. A special passage is set up on the water to let the contestants enter the competition area or training area.

The distance of canoeing in still water Olympic Games is 1000 meters and 500 meters. The competition uses 9 waterways, each 9 meters wide; Is it necessary to follow the rules when arranging the competition channel? A 1- Barnes? System layout. Olympic Games must use automatic starter and electronic timing system.

One of the important facilities of the competition venue is the terminal building. This is the core area of the competition, usually a small building with four or five floors, which is used as the operation room of the terminal timing system, the terminal timing referee room, the arbitration room, the competition committee, the terminal video room, the broadcasting room and the media camera room. Under normal circumstances, the VIP area is close to the terminal building, which is convenient for watching the athletes' wonderful performances through the finish line.

Another important facility is the boathouse. Boathouse is generally close to the loading dock, athletes' activity area and other competition facilities. Rowing usually

Canoeing is stored on shelves, and there are two types of boathouses: open and closed. You can also park your boat outdoors when the race is held.

Obstacle skiing facilities

The track is 250 ~ 400 meters long. Its measurement standard is the minimum value in the middle of the waterway from the starting line to the finishing line; The minimum average width of the track is 8 meters, the current drop generally exceeds 5 meters, and the water depth exceeds 0.6 meters.

Warm-up and relaxation waters are generally in the initial area or the end area.

There are fixed and movable obstacles on the runway. According to the needs of training and competition, obstacles can be combined into many different forms. During the competition, there are 18 ~ 25 sluices on the track. One part is the downstream gate in the water flow direction, and the other part is the upstream gate in the water flow direction. Among them, there are at least 6 sources and at most 7 sources. During the competition, athletes can pass through the specified water source and water source smoothly without touching the doorpost.

The water gate consists of two hanging door rods. Watergate poles are painted green and white, while those near the water are painted red and white, and the bottom is white. Door width refers to the distance between two poles, ranging from 1.2m to 4m. The gate rod is round, with a length of 1.6 m ~ 2 m and a diameter of 3.5 cm ~ 5 cm. It has enough weight and won't swing greatly when it is windy. The lower end of the door rod is about 20 cm high from the water surface, so it is advisable not to touch the water.

During the competition, athletes must pass through the water gate in the order of gate number. The doorplate is 30 cm long and 30 cm wide, with yellow or white background, and numbers 20 cm high are written on both sides with black paint.

Equipment for canoeing in still water;

According to the rules of the competition, athletes have the right to use their own rowing boats.

Canoe still water

The hulls of modern kayaks and rowing boats are mostly made of wooden frames, and the hulls are made of aviation plywood or FRP. The shape is streamlined, the surface is smooth, light and narrow, as long as one shuttle. Except for the cockpit of the athletes, all decks on the ship are completely closed.

Static Shui Pi ship

The main accessories are pedals, seat plates, rudder rods, rudder ropes and rudders. International rules limit the length, width and minimum weight of kayaks.

When rowing, the athletes sit in the cabin, face forward, hold the paddles with both hands, paddle alternately left and right, and control the direction with their feet. The rowing frequency is as high as 130 ~ 150 paddles/minute, and the boat speed can reach more than 5 meters/second.

Kayak rudder is an accessory device on kayak. It is a simple device to control the direction of kayak, including rudder blade, steering wheel, rudder rope, rudder rod and so on. The tiller is on the athlete's pedal. When the athlete paddles, his feet are supported on the pedals. When the kayak needs to turn, he moves the rudder with his feet, and the rudder rotates around a fixed axis. When the T-shaped tiller rotates, it pulls the rudder rope and drives the steering wheel connected to the other end of the rudder rope. The steering wheel is closely connected with the rudder. In fact, the rudder rope drives the rudder blade to rotate, thus steering the kayak.

According to the rules of the game, if the length of kayak is lengthened by installing rudder, the thickness of rudder blade should be limited. Thickness of rudder blade for single boat and double boat

Canoeing shall not exceed10mm, and the blade thickness of a four-person boat shall not exceed12mm.

Kayak paddle is a tool for athletes to paddle kayaks forward. Kayak paddle is a kind of Shuang Ye paddle with paddles at both ends. Its main structural feature is that the directions of two blades form a vertical or nearly vertical included angle. According to the direction of paddle deflection, there are left-turn paddles and right-turn paddles. Athletes can choose left and right paddles according to their grip habits. Because there is no strict and uniform regulation on the size and shape of paddles in the rules, canoe paddles have developed and changed rapidly in recent decades.

The weight, length, shape, paddle and paddle area of various paddles can be selected according to the athlete's height, technical style, strength, gender and ship type.

Still water rowing boat

Rowers kneel on one leg, stride on the other leg, and hold a single paddle in both hands. There are left and right paddles, for example, the left paddler holds his right hand on the floor? Ding? A zigzag handle, the left hand holds the paddle near the paddle, the right leg moves forward in a square step, and the left knee kneels on the kneeling pad.

Rowing boats have no rudder, and athletes rely on paddles to keep balance and control their direction. Because every time you paddle, you have to lift the paddle out of the water and paddle in front, so the speed of the boat is not as uniform as that of kayaking, and the rowing frequency can reach 70 ~ 80 paddles per minute.

The raw material for manufacturing the hull is aviation plywood or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The length and minimum weight of rowing boats are limited.

According to the rules, rowing boats must be symmetrical on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the hull, and there must be no rudder and any facilities that can guide the course.

The rowing boat can be fully opened. If there is a covered deck, the enclosed part of a single rowing boat should not be more than 150 cm from the bow and 75 cm from the stern. The opening of the double rowing boat is not less than 295cm; The opening of a four-person rowing boat shall not be less than 4 10 cm. Single rowboat and double rowboat can be completely opened, and the minimum opening length is 280 cm; The edge of the ship (the upper edge of the ship's side) can extend along the entire defined opening, up to 5 cm on the ship.

A ship can have up to three reinforcing bars, and the maximum width of each reinforcing bar is 7 cm. During the competition, various electronic or electric instruments, including water pumps, speedometers, fatigue meters, heart rate meters, etc. , are not allowed to board. Paddling is a tool for rowers to paddle their rowboats forward. Rowing paddle is a shovel paddle with blades. The paddle specifications of single rowing, double rowing and four rowing are slightly different.

Paddles are usually made of wood or FRP, but now they are made of carbon fiber. The carbon fiber structure makes the paddle more solid, durable, light and easy to maintain. The cross section of the paddle is usually round, which makes the paddle have better directionality, which is beneficial to exerting force and also makes the paddle have greater bending resistance.

Rowing paddles are different from kayaking paddles, and the paddles are symmetrical along the center line. Asymmetric blades will produce unbalanced surfaces, which will produce torque under the action of power. The blade surface of rowing has many functions, such as propulsion, steering and controlling the stability of the ship.

Canoe slalom equipment;

There are three kinds of canoe slalom equipment with different specifications and sizes. Single kayak is at least 3.5 meters long and 0.6 meters wide; A single rowing boat is at least 3.5 meters long and 0.65 meters wide; Rowing for two is at least 4. 1 m long and 0.75 m wide.

Lightest weight of the boat (based on the weight of the boat when it is dry): 9 kg for a single kayak; Single rowing boat 10 kg; All types of rowing boats for two are 15 kg. The decoration on the ship is an accessory, not a part of the ship. The minimum radius of the bow and stern of rowing boat is 2cm horizontally and 1 cm vertically. Rudder is not allowed on board.

Canoeing is a kind of boat with hatch cover. Athletes sit in the cabin and paddle with Shuang Ye paddles. Rowing is not a boat with a hatch cover. The athletes knelt in the cabin and paddled with a single paddle.

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