What are the current problems in drainage and irrigation in our country? How to solve them

Existing problems and countermeasures in the management of rural industrial and sideline industries and drainage and irrigation electricity consumption

In recent years, after the implementation of “two reforms and one price” for rural electricity, the overall level of rural power grids has been significantly improved. , however, due to limited policy funds for rural power grid transformation, the first and second phases of rural power grid transformation and the "household electrification" project only solved the main grid structure and farmers' basic living lighting problems. Most of the rural integrated distribution stations extend outward to rural areas Low-voltage lines for industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation are not included in the scope of rural power grid transformation, making them a major difficulty in current rural power management. Recently, through field investigation, the author found that there are many problems in the current management of rural industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation electricity. Here, I would like to share my personal opinions on these existing problems and countermeasures.

1. Problems in the management of electricity consumption in rural industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation

(1) The property rights relationship is relatively complex and the responsibilities of electricity management are unclear

The author investigated some towns and villages in a county-level city (Rugao City). There were only 9,826 industrial and sideline enterprises (private enterprises) in the city in 2003. By the end of 2006, the number had grown to 20,050, with a total installed capacity of 572,017kW. Most of the assets were owned by collectives, joint-stock cooperation and individuals. There are 2,086 fixed pumping stations for agricultural drainage and irrigation, with an installed capacity of 52,191kW. Some of the assets and property rights of these pumping stations are owned by townships, some by villages, some by groups, some are jointly financed by some farmers, and some are owned by individuals. In the current operation and management, there are 591 fixed pumping stations operated by towns, 428 fixed pumping stations operated by villages, 949 fixed pumping stations operated by groups, and 118 private fixed pumping stations. There are also 1,182 sets of mobile pumps with a total capacity of 13,035kW. Due to the diversification of property rights, as well as the decentralized, random and seasonal characteristics of operations, the management of electricity consumption in this area is very difficult, which is mainly reflected in the following two aspects.

First, it is large in scope and scattered in location. Among the more than 20,000 rural industrial and sideline enterprises in the city, some have dedicated distribution transformers. The electricity used by ordinary enterprises is connected to the rural comprehensive transformer line, and the capacity is mostly around 20kW. There are 2,086 fixed pumping stations and 1,182 mobile pumps for rural drainage and irrigation. About 50% of the pumping stations are also connected to the village comprehensive transformer. For example, some towns and villages along the Yangtze River in the city have low-lying terrain and an altitude of only a few dozen centimeters. They do not have fixed pumping stations or irrigation channels. Instead, they set up low-voltage lines beside the fields to replace canals with lines. A small water pump is used to irrigate the farmland.

Second, the boundaries and responsibilities are unclear. During the transformation of rural power grids, according to policy regulations, rural drainage and irrigation and rural industrial and sideline enterprises are not within the scope of transformation. But in actual operation, the electricity used by some enterprises and pumping stations must be connected to rural lines. The property rights of the power lines of these enterprises and pumping stations have not been transferred, and the demarcation point of the line property rights from the power supply enterprises has not been clearly defined. According to relevant policies and legal regulations, whoever owns the power assets is responsible for maintenance and management. For example, in Rugao City, rural irrigation and drainage pumping stations are managed by the Agricultural Machinery Administration, and agricultural machinery service stations have been set up in towns and villages with a complete management system. However, in terms of electricity management, it is common to just use it and not repair it. Although some enterprises and pumping stations have assets that belong to the collective, they are contracted to individuals for operation. When the power line equipment is old and needs to be renovated, the operators will say: This is a collective matter, and this is how it was when I accepted it. A few depreciation fees are raised every year, and they are all used for daily maintenance. If you want to make improvements, go to the town or village leaders. Some enterprises, pumping stations and mobile pumps operated by villages and individuals are assets, and the phenomenon of "just pushing the trolley until it falls over" is common. The equipment is outdated and the phenomenon of malfunctioning operation is common. Some do not have qualified electricians, and the residual current action protection devices are left unmanaged and maintained. After the reform of the rural electricity system, the number of rural electricians equipped has been greatly reduced compared with before, and the daily management and maintenance of various types of electricity are very busy. A few rural electricians think that I usually only need to check whether there is electricity theft and remove these enterprises and It would be great if the electricity bill of the pumping station can be collected in full and on time. As for daily electricity management, the pumping station should be managed by the township agricultural machinery service station, and the corporate assets should be managed by the users themselves.

(2) The equipment is old and aging, and there are many safety hazards

The line equipment of many enterprises and pumping stations is old and in disrepair. Some have not installed residual current action protection devices, and some have not installed residual current action protection devices. Even if it is installed, it cannot be put into normal operation, and there is no test jump record. According to survey statistics, 1,401 of the city's 4,228 sets of pumps have been in use for more than 25 years. The average comprehensive device efficiency of the pump station is below 38%, with the lowest being only 25% (ministerial standard 54.4%). There are only 421 safe and reliable power distribution panels in pumping stations, accounting for only 20% of the total. Wooden power distribution panels are common and fires caused by them occur from time to time. The bottom plates of many pumping stations have broken, their foundations have sunk and cracked, and there is a danger of collapse at any time. Among the 20,050 enterprises in the city, about 30% have power line equipment that is more than 15 years old. The lines are aging, with small diameters, malfunctioning, and serious private connections. Due to the existence of the above phenomena, sometimes the branch protector or main protector of the integrated distribution transformer often trips, seriously affecting the normal production and life of the people. Although agricultural electricians are busy here and there, it is difficult to eliminate these long-standing pains.

(3) Renovation and transformation are difficult and the funding gap is large

The transformation of line equipment for rural industrial and sideline industries is very difficult. First, asset ownership relationships are complex. Collective asset contract owners always only care about business operations and do not care about normal maintenance and transformation. Some owners even said, "I don't have the money to rebuild the lines, and if something goes wrong, I won't let your power supply company be responsible." Second, there is a large funding gap. In rural areas, although industrial and sideline units have their own competent departments, there is a lack of investigation and research on the safety hazards of these enterprises. There is no specific provision for withdrawing certain depreciation funds for the maintenance and transformation of lines and equipment. It is even considered that this is the responsibility of power supply enterprises. business. A leader of the Agricultural Machinery Administration said that the transformation of power lines and equipment for agricultural drainage and irrigation is urgent, but the funding gap is huge! How can the little depreciation fee collected be enough? We can take care of this but not the other.

2. Countermeasures in the management of rural industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation electricity consumption

(1) Clarify property rights relations and implement various measures

In recent years For new rural industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation power users, power supply companies have a better grasp of property rights, power usage agreements, line quality, etc. However, for old users before the agricultural reform, we need to "examine" again. We should sign an electricity agreement with the unit, collective (town, village, group) or individual, and draw a good line map. There must be clear property rights demarcation points on the map, and maintenance management and safety responsibilities must be clearly stated in the agreement. If an electricity accident occurs, it is best to avoid risks reasonably. Power supply companies must also strengthen contact with the government and relevant departments, organize joint inspection teams for safe electricity use on a regular basis, and conduct inspections on a company-by-company basis and on a pumping station basis. For the identified problems, a line rectification notice or a joint document will be issued to rectify the problems within a time limit. For owners who refuse to comply, certain restrictive measures will be taken to promote a new improvement in the health level of the line equipment of these enterprises and pumping stations. When applying for temporary power for mobile pumps in rural areas, rural power personnel should check whether the circuits and equipment are qualified. If they do not meet the requirements, power will not be connected.

(2) Introducing relevant policies to speed up the progress of rectification

In the policy issued by Rugao City, the annual depreciation fee for the pumping station is 6 yuan per mu of rice field per year, including the pump The depreciation of the station's electrical facilities is very small. The combined depreciation charges of all pumping stations in a town are not enough to renovate one or two pumping stations. Because the maintenance and transformation of pumping stations are multi-faceted. For example, in the past five years, the city has completely renovated 566 pumping stations (referring to partial renovation), including 88 comprehensively renovated pumping stations and 300 renovated outlet pools. There are 662 computer rooms, 277 updated water pumps, 346 electric motors, 1,449m of water pipes, 137 new power distribution cabinets, and 38.6km of household wiring replacements. The cumulative investment is 13.04 million yuan, of which 3.2 million yuan is invested by the municipal finance, and the depreciation of the pumping station is used. The cost was 5.37 million yuan, and the town raised 4.57 million yuan by itself. From these figures, it can be seen that the amount used for the transformation of power line equipment is very small.

According to the current renovation progress of the city, if calculated based on static calculation, 7.5 million yuan needs to be invested every year, and the implementation will be completed in ten years, so that the renovation speed of the pumping station can be equal to the aging speed of the pumping station. If we want to speed up the progress and increase depreciation expenses, this will involve policy issues that increase the burden on farmers. Therefore, we must strive for the attention and support of higher-level governments and departments, and introduce relevant policies, such as the transformation of agricultural and forestry farm lines, by allocating special funds, plus local financial subsidies and depreciation fees, so that we can solve the problem in a relatively short period of time. The transformation of lines and equipment for rural industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation has been completed.

(3) Strengthen the management of safe electricity use and improve the level of high-quality services

Due to the long-term safety hazards in rural industrial and sideline industries and agricultural drainage and irrigation, which are not properly resolved, electric shocks in rural areas are caused Causes of fatalities, injuries and electrical fire incidents. Therefore, at present and even in the long term in the future, power supply stations in various places must effectively strengthen the management of safe electricity use, increase the publicity of safe electricity use, and improve farmers' awareness of safe electricity use. In daily management work, the safety of electricity use in various enterprises and pumping stations should be included in inspections and inspections. If illegal use of electricity or electricity theft is found, it should be promptly stopped and strictly investigated. At the same time, the installation of residual current action protection devices should be strengthened. , operation and maintenance to ensure that the "three rates" reach 100%. It is necessary to improve the level of high-quality services, strive to take the trouble, not be afraid of fatigue, not miss the farming season, divide work and responsibilities, promptly help them solve problems and contradictions in electricity use, and implement the development of rural electricity of "new countryside, new electricity, new services" strategy.