What is the tertiary prevention of birth defects?

Prevention is the key to reduce birth defects. According to the regulations of the World Health Organization, the preventive measures for birth defects are divided into three levels:

1, Primary prevention: pre-pregnancy consultation and examination. Pan Ying, director of the Health Department of Beijing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, said that because most birth defects occur in the third to eighth weeks of embryonic development, many people find that they have missed the opportunity of prevention when they are pregnant (more than four weeks). Therefore, the key time to prevent birth defects is before pregnancy, and it is particularly important to strengthen premarital examination, genetic counseling for prenatal eugenics and pathogenic microorganism examination.

2. Secondary prevention: prenatal examination. There are more than five prenatal examinations throughout pregnancy. Through prenatal examination, high-risk pregnant women can be screened out, diagnosed and treated in time, and the birth of children can be reduced. If you are pregnant for 20 weeks, you can detect serious congenital heart disease by ultrasound.

3. Tertiary prevention: neonatal disease screening. The sooner the baby is screened, the better. In Beijing, the government pays for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, congenital dislocation of hip joint, congenital heart disease and hearing screening for newborns.

Extended data:

"Birth defect", commonly known as "congenital malformation", refers to the abnormal body structure, function or metabolism of the baby before birth. Birth defects can be caused by genetic factors or environmental factors such as chromosome aberration and gene mutation, or by the interaction of these two factors or other unknown reasons, which usually include congenital malformation, chromosome abnormality, hereditary metabolic diseases and functional abnormalities (such as blindness, deafness and mental retardation).

Birth defect is the main cause of early abortion, stillbirth, perinatal death, infant death and congenital disability, which not only seriously endangers children's survival and quality of life, affects family happiness and harmony, but also causes huge potential loss of life and social and economic burden.

Birth defects have become a public health problem that affects the quality and health level of the population. If proper intervention measures are not taken in time, birth defects will seriously restrict the further decline of infant mortality rate and the improvement of life expectancy per capita in China.

According to statistics, in recent 20 years, due to environmental pollution and genetic variation factors, the incidence of birth defects in newborns has gradually increased. Common defects include anencephaly, hydrocephalus, open spina bifida, meningocele, cleft lip, cleft palate, congenital heart disease and 2 1 trisomy syndrome.

Baidu encyclopedia-birth defects

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Birth Defects Prevention Day