Bayu in the west controls the mountains and valleys, and Jingchu grinds mountains in the east. What does that mean?

Wanli Yangtze River gathers thousands of rivers, passes through countless mountains and valleys, and flows eastward from Sichuan Basin, only to be blocked by Wushan Mountain. Like a sharp axe, the Yangtze River cuts mountains and ridges, crosses Wushan Mountain and rushes through mountains, forming a majestic, magnificent, steep and magical Three Gorges, which is also the most charming scenery in the whole Yangtze River.

The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge. It starts from Baidicheng, Fengjie, Chongqing in the west and ends at Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei in the east, including the wide valley of Daning River and the wide valley of Xiangxi, with a total length of193km. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty quoted the predecessors to describe the Three Gorges Road in the Notes on Water Classics: "From the 700-mile Three Gorges, the two sides of the Three Gorges are connected with mountains without gaps; Describe the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges to the fullest. The rolling rapids in the canyon, the stormy waves lapping on the shore, the rich villages and green terraces in the wide valley make the Three Gorges more vibrant and form a colorful corridor. Even after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam with a height of 185 meters, the main scenic spots are not

From the mouth of Baidicheng Kaikui Gate to the east, 8 kilometers later, it reaches Daixi in Wushan County, which is called Qutang Gorge, which is the shortest gorge in the Three Gorges. However, it has the majesty of "Bayu controls thousands of valleys in the west and Jingchu presses mountains in the east". The White Salt Mountain on the south bank rises from the ground, and the Chijiashan Mountain on the north bank falls from the sky, and the river is only 100 meters wide. "Many waters will become rich." Therefore, it is known as "Qutang is the best in the world". In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River at the west entrance of Qutang Gorge, there are many huge stones lying across it. Fiona Fang is 20 feet high, nearly 65,438+00 feet. This is the famous mound. "The mound is as big as an elephant, and Qutang can't get up; I am as big as a horse and can't get down the pond. " This ballad expresses the fear of boatmen in the past, because I don't know how many boats have been swallowed up and how many rafts have been washed away by rough waves! 1959, the waterway workers blew up the mound at one stroke, which is an obstacle to the navigation of the Yangtze River.

Out of Qutang Gorge, it is the wide valley of Daning River, and in a blink of an eye, it ushered in the small and exquisite Wushan County. It is located on the west side of Daning River flowing into the Yangtze River estuary. The small Three Gorges on Daning River is known as "non-Three Gorges, better than the Three Gorges", and there is also the small Three Gorges on Madu River, a tributary of Daning River. If the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is compared to a symphony, then the Little Three Gorges is one of the wonderful movements, and the Little Three Gorges is a wonderful episode.

Wuxia, the second gorge of the Three Gorges, starts at the mouth of Daning River and ends at Guandukou, Badong County, Hubei Province. It stretches for 45 kilometers and spans Chongqing and Hubei Province. The Twelve Wushan Peaks, which stand on the north and south sides of Wushan Mountain, are the scenic spots of Wuxia Gorge, among which the most charming is the beautiful and moving goddess peak. Although goddess peak is only a strange stone on Wushan Mountain, the passionate literati of past dynasties injected colorful cultural souls into her and deeply attracted tourists of past dynasties.

Out of the Wuxia Gorge, the river suddenly opened up and the field of vision widened. This is the famous Guanggu in Xiangxi. The wide valley is beautiful and prominent. There were two famous people in ancient times, one was Qu Yuan and the other was Wang Zhaojun. The story of Zhaojun's departure from the fortress is well known. The Dragon Boat Festival, which was gradually formed by Qu Yuan's sinking into the Miluo River, continues to this day.

From the mouth of Xiangxi River in Zigui to Nanjinguan, it is the longest Xiling Gorge in the Three Gorges, with a total length of 74 kilometers. Xiling Gorge can be divided into two parts, namely Health Care Gorge, Niuganmafei Gorge and Kongling Gorge in the west, and Huangniu Gorge and Dengying Gorge (namely Yueming Gorge) in the east. There is a wide valley in the south of the temple between the two Gorges, half of which is canyon and half of which is wide valley. There is a Sichuan in the canyon.

It is amazing that the Wanli Yangtze River falls down the mountain, rushes through rapids and rapids, leaves Nanjinguan and enters Jianghan Plain. The river suddenly widened from 300 meters to 2200 meters, showing you an endless beauty of green fields.

Brief introduction of three Gorges project

The Three Gorges Project is called the Yangtze Three Gorges Water Control Project. The whole project includes a mixed gravity dam, a sluice, a hydropower station behind the dam, a permanent ship lock and a ship lift. The Three Gorges Project consists of three parts: the dam, the hydropower station and the navigation structure. The dam crest is 3035 meters long and the dam height is 185 meters. There are 14 hydropower stations on the left bank and 65438+ on the left bank. * * * It is 26 meters, and the front row capacity is 700,000 kilowatts. The total installed capacity is 1820 kwh, and the annual power generation is 84.7 billion kwh. Navigation structure is located on the left bank, and the permanent navigation structure is a first-class vertical ship lift for a double-line five-package continuous ship lock.

The Three Gorges Project is divided into three phases with a total construction period of 18. The first phase is 5 years (1992- 1997). In addition to the preliminary work, the main project mainly includes the first-stage cofferdam filling, diversion open channel excavation, concrete longitudinal cofferdam construction, left bank temporary lock (120m high) construction and left bank permanent lock construction.

At present, the first phase of the project was completed in June 1997+065438+ 10, and the water level of the Yangtze River was raised from 68m to 88m. After completion, the diversion open channel can bear the maximum flow of 20,000 cubic meters per second, so the water transport and shipping of the Yangtze River will not be greatly affected, and the continuous navigation can be guaranteed during the construction of the first phase of the project.

The second phase of the project lasted 6 years (1988-2003). The main task of this project is to build the second-stage cofferdam, power station facilities and the unit installation of the left bank dam, and at the same time continue and complete the construction of the permanent super-class lock and ship lift. In June, 2003, the dam stored water to a height of 35 meters, and the water surrounded Wanxian County of the Yangtze River. Zhangfei Temple was flooded, and the rapids and rapids of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River could no longer be seen. The water is calm.

The third stage is 6 years (2003-2009). The right bank dam and power station will be built at this stage, and the installation of all units will continue to be completed. By then, the Three Gorges Reservoir will be 600 kilometers long and 2000 meters wide, with an area of 1 10,000 square kilometers. Gorge reservoir with calm water surface. The average water depth of the reservoir will increase by10-100m. Final normal water level in winter175m. Considering the flood control in summer, the water level in front of the dam can reach about 145 meters, with an annual fluctuation of nearly 30 meters. After the reservoir is filled, the water level in front of the dam will increase by nearly 100 meters. After the completion of the dam in 2009, three years later, that is, by 20 12 years, the water level elevation on the dam will eventually reach 175 meters, and the water level will actually rise by 1 10 meters, and the backwater will reach 650 kilometers until Chongqing. The existing tourist attractions can basically be retained until the end of the second phase of the project in 2003. There will be 39 cultural and natural landscapes completely or partially submerged in the area, accounting for about 13% of the tourist attractions in the reservoir area. It should be said that it has an impact, but it has little impact. Due to the relatively high altitude in Wuxia and Qutangxia areas, the water level has only risen by more than 80 meters. The peaks and steep walls on both sides of the strait are hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters above sea level, except for some ancient plank roads and caves, which will not be in the water. Only two sections of Baojianxia and Niugan in Xilingxia area have changed greatly. Quot Goddess "Yixiu" and "Kuimen" are still strong. Although a small amount of canyon scenery will disappear, there will be nearly 100 new landscapes due to the rising backwater. Baidicheng and Shi Baozhai became Bai Di Island and Shibao Island respectively. Many tributaries of the Yangtze River have formed various tourism resources for our development and utilization. The Three Gorges Dam is closed, but the Three Gorges landscape remains the same. In the future, cruise ships traveling on the Three Gorges Line can be made bigger, and their stability and comfort will be enhanced. There will be various routes and itineraries, and the existing pattern will change greatly. Perhaps people will no longer worry about the pros and cons of entering and leaving the water, and cruise companies will not set the price difference between entering and leaving the water. The golden tourist area centered on the Three Gorges Dam will become a bright pearl of Yangtze River tourism.

The Three Gorges Water Control Project is the largest water control project in the world today. 1June, 1994, sponsored by the American Development Committee (WDC), was listed as one of the global super-projects at the global super-engineering conference held in Barcelona, the second largest city in Spain. Looking around the world, from the depths of the ocean to the vast space, there are many engineering masterpieces with large scale and superb technology in the feat of human conquest and transformation of nature. The Three Gorges Project is in the forefront of world-class projects in terms of project scale, science and technology and comprehensive utilization benefits. It will not only bring huge economic benefits to China, but also make beneficial contributions to the development of water conservancy and hydropower technology and related technologies in the world.

It is precisely because the Three Gorges is a huge treasure house of water resources that its development has important strategic significance for national construction. Therefore, from Sun Yat-sen to * * *, Zhou Enlai, * * * and * *, when it comes to the Yangtze River harnessing and development and China's economic construction, they all showed strong interest in the Three Gorges Project and gave active support.

In order to build the Three Gorges Project, for more than 70 years from the 1920s to the present, several generations of China scientific and technological personnel have made long-term research and made great efforts, and now they have finally started construction.

Because the Three Gorges Project involves a wide range, huge scale and complex technical problems, it has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. There are also objections in the support of the whole country. Some people still have doubts about the safety of the dam, the impact of social environment and ecological environment. Putting forward different views and opinions on this important project construction, which is related to the nation and future generations, is undoubtedly conducive to the in-depth and optimization of the Three Gorges Project research.

At present, the scene of the Three Gorges Project is boiling. People flocked to the Three Gorges, eager to witness the birth of the world's super dam. We wish the magnificent Three Gorges Project a smooth completion! We are extremely proud of the pioneering record of China people in the world engineering history in the 2nd/kloc-0th century!