Debei ancient city

Ancient Roman cities. Pompeii is an ancient city with a long history in Campania, the southwest corner of the Italian Peninsula. The northwest is about 240 kilometers away from Rome, near Naples in southern Italy, and 10 kilometers away from the southwest foot of Mount Vesuvius. About 20 kilometers west of the beautiful Bay of Naples, it is a summer resort with its back to the sea. It was built in the 6th century BC and was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Pompeii was a small town at that time, but because it was buried by volcanic ash, the houses on the street were well preserved. Archaeological excavations continued from 1748, providing important information for understanding the social life, culture and art of ancient Rome.

The ancient city is slightly rectangular, surrounded by walls and gates. The streets in the city are criss-crossed, and the block layout is like a chessboard. According to records, Pompeii was built by the Oskanis tribe, and it is already a small town with dense population and business travel. In 89 BC, Pompeii was occupied by the Romans and became a dependency of the Roman Empire. By 79 AD, it had become a paradise for the rich, and wealthy nobles came here to build luxury villas and have fun. With a population of more than 25,000, Pompeii has become a famous city of wine and color. Important buildings surround the municipal square, including the Temple of Jupiter, the Temple of Apollo, the Great Hall, the bathing place and the shopping center. And the necessary facilities of Roman municipal buildings such as theater, gymnasium, Colosseum and aqueduct. There are many workshops and shops, which are set up in the block according to the industry. Together with a large number of residential buildings, they constitute an important object for studying Roman civil architecture. Generally, wealthy families have gardens. The main house is surrounded by a central courtyard with a hall and a bedroom. There are classical colonnades and marble statues in the garden. There are many murals in halls and corridors (see Pompeii murals), which are important remains of classical murals. These murals are of high level and have a great influence on European neoclassical art after being discovered.

Pompeii, an ancient Roman city, was built in the 7th century BC, 0/0 km away from Mount Vesuvius/Kloc. On August 24th, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted and Pompeii was annihilated. Pompeii, who had been sleeping for thousands of years, was finally discovered. The unearthed Pompeii is 1200m long from east to west, 700m wide from north to south, with an area of 1.8km2 and 7 gates. Four streets in the city are criss-crossed. The main street is 7 meters wide, paved with stone slabs, and there are drains along the street. The most magnificent buildings in this city are concentrated around a rectangular public square in the southwest. There are temples, public markets, municipal center halls and other buildings around the square, which is the political, economic and religious center of Pompeii. The southeast of the square is the seat of Pompeii's official government, and the northeast of the square is a bustling market. In addition, there are public baths, gymnasiums and large and small theaters in the city. On the east side of the market, there is an amphitheater that can accommodate more than 65438+100000 spectators.

The thousand-year-old city disappeared overnight.

As early as the 8th century BC, Pompeii, a small fishing village relying on the natural harbor of the Mediterranean, gradually developed into a city. Hundreds of years later, its merchants gathered and became the second largest city after Italy and ancient Rome. It is 300 kilometers away from Rome in the north, bordering the famous Sicily in the west and Nantong in Greece and North Africa. Pompeii's magical temple of the sun, huge Colosseum, grand theater, effective wizard hall, novel steam bath, numerous shops and entertainment places have attracted many wealthy businessmen and nobles from countries around the Mediterranean. In addition, the strange magma soil, volcanic rocks and geothermal hot springs brought by the repeated eruption of Navi Suwei volcano in the north of the city for hundreds of millions of years have made Pompeii famous far and wide: that large fertile magma soil with a slightly burnt taste has made Pompeii's grapes extremely sweet and well-brewed, making it the top grade of nobles everywhere; The round-the-clock geothermal hot springs not only attract people to take a bath here, but also attract many nobles and wealthy businessmen to build gardens and villas in Pompeii, and gradually develop entertainment places, making Pompeii a prosperous place. Especially the bright red volcanic rocks in black are possessed by everyone because of their magical effects of relieving pain, calming the nerves and stopping bleeding. However, who would have expected that the volcano next to Pompeii would suddenly wake up one day and swallow the famous Pompeii with an open mouth!

Mount Vesuvius is 65,438+0,277 meters above sea level. According to the research of geologists, this is a typical active volcano, which has been erupting continuously for thousands of years. Pompeii was built on the hard lava after the eruption of ancient Vesuvius volcano. However, before the beginning of A.D., the famous geographer Strappo concluded that Vesuvius was an extinct volcano according to its topographical features. At that time, people completely believed his story and didn't care about volcanoes. Green crops are planted on both sides of the volcano, and the plains are full of lemon forests and orange forests, as well as other orchards and vineyards. They never imagined that this "extinct volcano" was brewing a devastating disaster. On February 5, 62 AD, a strong earthquake occurred in this area, causing many buildings to collapse. Many damaged buildings we saw in Pompeii today were caused by that earthquake. After the earthquake, Pompeii rebuilt the city and pursued luxury. However, before Pompeii could recover from the earthquake, Mount Vesuvius suddenly erupted on August 24th, 79 AD.

In an instant, the fiery magma from the volcano covered the sky, splashed everywhere, thick black smoke mixed with boiling volcanic ash, and landed all over the city. The air was filled with this suffocating smell of sulfur. Soon, the lava slurry and volcanic ash about 5.6 meters thick ruthlessly wiped Pompeii from the earth.

It was the first Sunday in August 79 AD. The wife of a big wine merchant in ancient Rome was praying, when suddenly she had a severe chest pain and hemoptysis, and her daughter Sophia began to cry. Just then, Carlo, the unmarried son-in-law, heard the news and volunteered to ride a fast horse to Pompeii's hometown to get the hemostatic stone. Rome is more than 300 kilometers from Pompeii. The wooded mountain roads are rugged and robbers are everywhere, which makes the enthusiastic Sophia choose a dilemma. Carol understands the concerns of his fiancee Sophia. He said: "I have been riding for more than ten years. I am a strong soldier." I'm good at this. I'll be back in two days and two nights! " Before Sophia obeyed, Carlo in uniform left with several assistants!

Mom has been hemoptysis for two days. Sophia hasn't slept for two nights and has been thinking about Carlo's return trip. The next day, she has been leaning against the door, expecting the familiar sound of hooves in her ears, but I don't know why her fiance didn't appear in front of her until the fourth, fifth and sixth day. Only after Christmas did she vaguely hear a terrible news: one night in August, Mount Vesuvius opened its crater, spewing bloody magma, and Fiona Fang suddenly became a sea of fire for hundreds of miles! ……

The ancient city of Pompeii disappeared overnight! It took a long time to cool down after the volcano erupted. After the catastrophe, herders found that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest farms, grasslands and bustling Pompeii, which were very familiar in the past, were all gone, leaving only a long scorched earth area like a river left by the cooling of volcanic magma, which made people worry about their lives!

Calculate the time of the disaster, which is the night when Carlo arrived in Pompeii to get the hemostatic stone. My fiance never came back. Since then, the folk song "Broken-hearted Sophia" has sounded in every corner of the Mediterranean. ...