In the past 9 years, tens of thousands of people have been admitted to the hospital. How aggressive are Yunnan people in eating wild mushrooms?

For us ordinary people, summer may start with eating the first popsicle, but for Yunnan people, summer starts with receiving a "mysterious text message", which officially announces ?The golden time to eat mushrooms? has arrived!

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It is said that every rainy season in June, July and August, there will be one text message like the above every day, but the circle of friends of Yunnan people is full of People who pick up fungi, people who sell fungi, people who eat fungi, and people who share their experience of fungus poisoning. It is widely rumored that every Yunnanese has a friend who was poisoned by fungi. Some people even ate fungus to celebrate their discharge from the hospital. Why are Yunnan people so obsessed with eating fungi at their own risk? Is it the temptation of fungi or the temptation of greedy insects? Now please follow Sixiang and enter the "Yunnan people's fungus kingdom".

Text | Laura Pictures | Sixiang Design Department

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Yunnanese who eat fungi with their lives

Fungi, in Yunnan people It is sacred in our hearts, specifically referring to the pure wild fungi bred by nature, absorbing the aura of heaven and earth, and taking the essence of the sun and moon. Artificially cultivated ones can only be called "mushrooms" and cannot be called "fungi" at all. Moreover, among the Yunnanese population, "junzi" has a special pronunciation, which sounds particularly cute, revealing the local's simple love for fungi.

How powerful is the magic power of fungi? Even the literary master Wang Zengqi was captured by it. He once wrote in "Kunming Eating Fungi": "I have lived in Kunming for seven years and have been away for forty years. I have never forgotten the fungi in Kunming." When the rainy season arrives, all kinds of bacteria emerge, and the air smells like fungi. ?

Data from the Yunnan Forestry Department show that there are about 882 species of wild edible fungi in Yunnan, accounting for about 43% of the world’s and about 90% of China’s, including matsutake, gallbladder, bolete, and chanterelle. , morels, ganba mushrooms and other "world-famous mushrooms" are not only available in large quantities and of high quality in Yunnan, but also at affordable prices. Many people will be excited when they think of their rich nutrition and delicious and unique taste. Rub hands together?

But! The "List of Biological Species of Yunnan Province (2017)" shows that there are 2,759 known species of wild fungi in the province, which means that in addition to 882 species of edible fungi in Yunnan, there are more than 1,800 species that are "inedible" or "unknown" Edible?, of course, in addition, there are many fungi that may not be known at all

So, eating mushrooms (crossed out) fungi in Yunnan is still a very risky thing, and you can encounter them accidentally Poisonous, even highly toxic, ranging from hallucinogenic to fatal at worst.

In the nine years from 2010 to 2018, at least 9,686 people in Yunnan were poisoned by eating fungi. It is worth noting that this only counts reported foodborne disease outbreaks, and does not include single-person poisonings or unreported cases. Therefore, we have reason to speculate that the actual food-borne disease outbreaks in Yunnan There may be more cases of bacterial poisoning than the above statistics.

In order to minimize everyone's "fungus casualties", the Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention has specially published the "Authoritative Mushroom Eating Manual", the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published the "Common Toadstools in Yunnan" illustrated book, and even many employee canteens "Basic Knowledge on Preventing Wild Edible Fungus Poisoning" is posted here. It is very popular science.

In June, July and August every year, "wild fungus poisoning prevention and control training courses", "wild fungus poisoning prevention and control lectures", and "knowledge promotion on cherishing life and staying away from wild fungi" are held in various places across Yunnan. Activity? To be honest, this is the first time I heard that the government has set up a training class specifically for mushroom eating. It is a real Yunnan specialty.

But this is also because June to August is not only the "golden period" for eating mushrooms, but also the "peak period for mushroom poisoning".

Then the question is, since there are popular science illustrated books and special lectures are held every year, why are there so many people poisoned by eating fungi? Isn't it ok to check it with the picture book before eating? emmm, don’t be too naive. Firstly, poisonous fungi are very good at camouflage, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish them from non-toxic fungi just by their appearance. Secondly, there may be mistakes in how to eat them.

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The hard-to-prevent poisonous fungi

We might as well take a look at how cunning those poisonous fungi are.

The colic fungus is thick and delicious, sweet and crispy. It is known as the "crown of fungi". It is not only non-toxic, but also the best product on the tip of the tongue. It is like the "Sun Wukong of the mushroom world", but unfortunately there are many similar appearances. The "six-eared macaque", such as the highly poisonous Amanita leucophylla, Amanita greige, and Amanita false brown clouds, and the growth of these toadstools is extremely deceptive, with low-key color and unattractive appearance. They look like a human and animal image. The harmless appearance does not apply at all. Colorful mushrooms may be poisonous mushrooms.

The official website of the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the most serious poisoning species in the local area is "Fotanella", that is, "Russula subdimensus", whose appearance is similar to that of red mushrooms, red mushrooms and so on. Edible fungi are very similar and require professionals to combine microscopy and molecular biology identification methods to accurately identify them. It is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish them. The fatality rate after accidental ingestion is as high as 70%.

So, we can’t blame the Yunnan people for not being careful enough when eating. It’s really because I can’t do it. Of course, it would be another matter if you knew it was poisonous and ate it.

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Jianshouqing? A well-known trademark of Lilliput?

In Yunnan, almost everyone has eaten a kind of toadstool? Jianshouqing Qing, yes, it’s the kind that you might see a villain if you eat it. These little people are either white or transparent, similar to this one:

There are also dazzlingly colored ones, similar to this one:

There are also ?Mini version of Santa Claus?:

Of course, seeing villains is just one of the typical effects. Some people can also see dragons, fish, dogs, rabbits, zombies, and Ultras. Man?, Xiaobing Zhang Ga?, etc., etc., and even more, they even saw the CP they were eating together?

In fact, this kind of thing can automatically turn on 4D immersion after eating The fungus in the VR sci-fi experience does not refer to a specific kind of fungus, but a collective name for many boletus mushrooms that have hallucinogenic effects. They will turn blue after being injured (such as cut with a knife), so they are called "Jianshou" locally. green?.

(From: Zhihu netizen @bunnybu2)

Different varieties have different poisoning reactions, and some can not only cause hallucinations, but also be accompanied by gastrointestinal inflammatory poisoning, such as Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, etc., may even lead to loss of consciousness for several days, falling into a coma, or even death.

Yunnan people clearly know that this fungus is poisonous, and they constantly emphasize that it must be cooked thoroughly! Ripe! Eat it when it’s cooked! ? Even hot pot restaurants don’t give out chopsticks before the food is cooked (which is quite a Yunnan specialty). But what! There will always be situations like: After frying and heating it in the microwave, it becomes poisonous again? Or, when others eat it, it’s fine, but I am poisoned? etc. Just, quite wild.

After seeing the "Yunnan people's magical experience in Lilliput", many people expressed that they also wanted to try this magical experience, which is much more powerful than drinking.

Here, we would like to emphasize again and again:

Never eat shouqing just to experience hallucinations!

Never try to experience hallucinations just to experience hallucinations!

Never try to experience hallucinations just to experience hallucinations!