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First, what is floor heating
Floor heating is short for radiant floor heating, and English is radiant floor heating. It takes the whole floor as the radiator, heats the whole floor evenly through the heat medium in the radiant layer of the floor, and conducts it from bottom to top by using the law that the floor itself accumulates heat and radiates upwards, thus achieving the purpose of heating. Because the indoor temperature gradient from the soles of the feet to the head gradually decreases, it gives people the comfort of warming their feet and cooling their heads. Radiant floor heating conforms to the fitness theory of "warm feet and cool roof" in traditional Chinese medicine. It is the most comfortable heating method at present and a symbol of modern life quality.
Second, the history of floor heating
Radiant floor heating is an ancient and brand-new technology. In China, floor heating can be traced back to the late Ming Dynasty, and it is a kind of heating method only available to the royal family. For example, in China's Forbidden City, a flue is built under the blue brick floor, and smoke is transmitted through the flue in winter, and smoke windows are arranged reasonably, so that the blue bricks will spread indoors after heating up, thus producing the effect of indoor warmth. After that, the heating methods of fire wall and fire kang appeared in the rural areas of northern China, and the underground kang appeared in South Korea and Japan. Since ancient times, human beings have been inheriting civilization, pioneering and innovating, and making continuous progress. Now, with the advent of the era of science and technology, the floor heating technology has developed from the initial flue radiant kang heating to floor radiant heating with modern materials as the heat medium. This technology was applied in developed countries as early as 1930s, and in China, it was applied in the Great Hall of the People, Overseas Chinese Hotel and other projects in 1950s.
Third, the classification of floor heating
According to different heating methods, floor radiant heating is mainly divided into low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating and heating cable floor radiant heating. Floor heating: low-temperature electric floor heating
Low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating is a kind of heating method which uses hot water with the temperature not higher than 60℃ as heating medium, heats the floor circularly in the heating pipeline, and supplies heat to the room through the radiation of the ground.
Radiant heating with heating cable on the ground is a kind of heating method which uses low-temperature heating cable as heat source to heat the floor, and supplies heat to the room through radiation from the ground. Common heating cables are divided into single-core cables and double-core cables.
Fourth, the advantages of floor heating
① Comfort, sanitation and health care: radiant floor heating is the most comfortable heating method, with uniform indoor surface temperature and gradually decreasing room temperature from bottom to top, giving people a good feeling of warming their feet and cooling their heads; It is not easy to cause polluted air convection and the indoor air is clean; Improve blood circulation and promote metabolism.
② Save space and beautify the living room: the radiator and its branch pipes are cancelled indoors, which increases the usable area and is convenient for decoration and home layout.
(3) Efficient and energy-saving: the radiation heating mode has higher thermal efficiency than the convection heating mode, and the heat is concentrated at the height that the human body benefits; The heat loss during transmission is small; Low-temperature floor radiant heating can be controlled by households and rooms, and users can adjust and control according to the situation, which is effective in saving energy.
(4) Good thermal stability: the ground with warm floor and concrete floor have large thermal storage capacity and good thermal stability. In the case of intermittent heating, the indoor temperature changes slowly.
⑤ Low operating cost: Compared with other heating equipment, it can save energy by 20%, and can make full use of low-temperature hot water resources or use electricity price policy to reduce operating cost.
⑥ Long service life: In low-temperature floor heating, plastic pipes or heating cables are buried underground without scaling, corrosion and man-made damage, and the service life is synchronous with that of buildings. Compared with convection heating, it saves maintenance and replacement costs.
[Edit this paragraph] V. Precautions for backfill of floor heating
Precautions for floor heating backfill:
1. Pressure shall be maintained during backfilling and curing;
2. The backfill ground for paving floor tiles should be low, leaving a gray hole for paving floor tiles in the future, and paving bean stones with concrete;
3. When curing, it is necessary to properly sprinkle water for health preservation;
4. The ash number of concrete should be moderate (large ash number is easy to crack, small ash number is not strong enough, which is easy to cause ground collapse)
Sixth, common problems of floor heating
1. How long is the service life of the floor heating system?
The service life of the floor heating system is mainly about the service life of the buried pipeline. Because the aboveground part can be replaced, the selection of the floor heating pipeline is the key to determine the service life. At present, the design life of standard pipes used in floor heating system is 70 years, and the actual life is over 50 years. It can be considered that the floor heating system is basically equivalent to the life of the building.
2. What is the cost of the floor heating system?
The price of floor heating system is determined by the material selection of underground concealed structure and the equipment of control system.
The prices of pipes, insulation materials and various auxiliary materials in underground concealed structures vary greatly. The price difference of the same material is generally not very big. Too low a price can only show that you have chosen fake and inferior materials that can't even meet the basic performance requirements. According to the needs of different users, the floor heating company has launched several floor heating system packages.
The configuration of the control system depends on the comfort and cost performance that the user wants to achieve. In order to achieve different control performance, the prices of the selected systems may differ by dozens of times. At present, many floor heating teams have no design ability, or control system, or blindly choose a single high-end product, which leads to system mismatch and can not achieve the desired control effect. The floor heating company can tailor the design, material selection and construction for different users to meet the needs of customers at different levels.
3. What is the operating cost of radiant floor heating?
The operating cost of floor radiant heating is usually 20%-40% lower than that of convection heating system.
At present, many articles lack comparability in the comparison of operating costs: first, the floor where the room is located, the orientation of the room, the thermal insulation of the wall, the size of the glass window and whether double-layer insulating glass is used or not, resulting in great differences in thermal insulation and heat dissipation of the house. For example, the multi-faceted walls of a single villa are in direct contact with the outside world and dissipate more heat. If the insulation is not done well and the room reaches the same temperature, the required heating may be doubled. Secondly, the use habits of each family are different. The comfortable temperature required by different families is 2 ~ 5℃, and some families are used to opening the window twice in the morning and naturally ventilating for half an hour, which all affect the operating expenses. Radiant heating is used for floor heating, which conforms to the physiological demand curve of human body. Even if the indoor set temperature is 2 ~ 5℃ lower than that of flow heating, people can feel the same warmth. At the same time, the floor heating adopts low-temperature heat source, which greatly reduces the heat transfer loss caused by temperature difference. Compared with convection heating, the thermal efficiency is greatly improved, and the operating cost of the system can be reduced by 20 ~ 30%. If the control system is selected and used properly, it can not only improve the comfort of the room, but also reduce the operating cost of the system by 40% or more.
The residential area is centrally heated. Can you install a floor heating system?
Of course. The hot water supply temperature of residential areas with central heating or central air conditioning is 60-90℃. If the floor heating system is directly connected, the temperature is obviously too high, which will not only cause human discomfort due to the high surface temperature, but also reduce the life of the floor heating system. The floor heating company adopts an imported mixed-flow center, establishes a mixed-flow bypass at the central heating end to connect with the floor heating system, and controls the water temperature of the floor heating system at 30-50℃, so that the floor heating system can be used.
5. Do you need to buy a boiler for the floor heating system?
Different buildings generally have heat sources for heating when handing over houses. The system design of floor heating company can make use of existing heat sources such as natural gas, electricity, solar energy, ground source heat pump, air source heat pump and waste heat of other systems. Of course, sometimes it is necessary to transform the existing heat source. For example, developers now choose boiler models according to the heat load required for the maximum heating area of the community. For the larger apartment in the residential area, the hot water circulation pipe is lengthened after floor heating, and the lift of the circulating pump with the pipe of the boiler may not be enough, which leads to the temperature of the floor heating system not rising. At this time, it may be necessary to add a pipeline circulating pump. We won't judge this situation until we see your boiler instructions.
6. How to choose floor heating products?
In order to achieve good heating effect, the selection of floor heating products should follow the following principles:
First of all, we should choose an experienced professional floor heating company. The floor heating industry is known as "three products and seven clothes". The heating system is very professional from scheme design, product selection, construction and installation to after-sales service. Without the participation of professionals, on the one hand, it will affect the heating effect or greatly reduce the service life of the system, on the other hand, it will increase the energy consumption and use cost of the system in long-term use.
Secondly, we should choose products with good selectivity and systems with high cost performance. Floor heating is a systematic project. Experienced floor heating companies can choose high-performance and cost-effective high-quality pipes, insulation materials and control systems according to the structure, orientation and layout of users' rooms, which can not only avoid guerrillas cutting corners and laying hidden dangers for long-term use, but also make the system price match, thus achieving the overall effect of comfort and energy saving.
7. After the floor heating is laid, how much should the floor of the room be raised?
Owners who buy affordable housing (generally 2.6 meters high and below 2.5 meters clear) are most concerned about how much the ground has risen after floor heating. The floor heating system can be designed for different floor materials, such as using solid wood floor, laying insulation layer and floor heating pipe in the keel under the wood floor, or laying solid wood floor directly after the floor heating backfill, without keel, and the ground will not be improved basically; Floor tiles and stones are used, and the backfill layer can be constructed in combination with the laying of floor tiles and stones, and the room height can be reduced to 2-4cm. For the owners who buy commercial houses (generally more than 2.8m in height), they don't need to consider the occupancy of room height by the floor heating system, but only need to consider what floor materials are selected for different room orientations and functions. The floor heating company will give professional design schemes to meet the comfort of users to the maximum extent.
8. What is the appropriate stage of construction and how long is the construction period?
Floor heating can be carried out after the completion of hydropower transformation, or combined with water decoration and strong and weak electricity system transformation. For a flat-floor house with simple control of 120 square meters, the construction period of floor heating is 2-3 days, and the maintenance period of backfill layer will vary according to different seasons. For duplex apartments with high control system requirements, the construction period takes about one week, and the time required for backfill layer maintenance will vary according to different seasons. In addition, when laying the floor heating system, great care should be taken not to be damaged by the subsequent decoration construction.
9. What decorative materials can I choose to install floor heating?
At present, all kinds of qualified decorative materials such as solid wood floor, solid wood composite floor, laminated wood floor, stone, tile, linen carpet, wool carpet, cement brick, rubber floor and floor leather can be used for floor heating. It's just that different floor materials have different thermal conductivity. Users should tell us the decorative materials to choose before floor heating, so that the floor heating company can consider them when calculating the heat load.
10. What floor decoration materials should be selected for floor heating?
This is a difficult question to answer. We can only explain the difference of thermal efficiency caused by the different thermal conductivity of various decorative materials. The higher the thermal efficiency, the lower the operating cost. The order of thermal conductivity of ground materials from large to small is: natural stone >; Ceramic tile > solid wood composite floor > laminate floor > solid wood floor > chemical fiber carpet > pure wool carpet. The smaller the thermal conductivity, the higher the operating cost of achieving the same heating effect.
What should I pay attention to when choosing a wooden floor for floor heating?
Generally speaking, we should grasp the principles of thin but not thick, good environmental protection performance and good heat resistance. The floor heating company advises customers to choose brand and powerful manufacturer products when choosing floor coverings, and it is best to choose special floor for floor heating. In addition, there is another problem to be paid attention to when installing special floor for floor heating. You must use a special paper mat for geothermal heating, which has the characteristics of fast heat conduction and no deformation, and you can't use ordinary foam mats. Foam floor mats are slow in heat conduction, and are prone to produce harmful gases under the action of high temperature for a long time, which is harmful to consumers' health.
12. Precautions before construction of floor heating system?
1, the construction of floor radiant heating system should avoid overlapping construction with other types of work, resulting in difficult coordination or unclear responsibilities, delayed construction period and difficult quality assurance. Users need to let us communicate with the decoration company in advance to coordinate the work coordination process;
2, hydropower transformation should be completed before the floor heating system construction approach. Before the installation of the floor heating system, it is necessary to ensure that the construction of water and electricity pipelines on the construction site is completed, and the kitchen and bathroom are tested and accepted. The ground in the construction area is flat and clean, and there are no exposed steel bars, water and electricity pipelines and any equipment, materials and sundries that affect the construction.
3. It is the same as looking for us to do bean stone concrete backfill with a decoration company. The floor heating company suggests that the decoration company do this project, and the decoration company can also pay attention to it to minimize the possibility of damaging the floor heating during construction;
4. The owner shall assist the floor heating company to coordinate the relationship with the property company and the neighborhood, and create conditions for normal construction, including going to the property and other relevant departments to handle the corresponding personnel and equipment passes, commencement and acceptance approval procedures, etc.
Seven. Matters needing attention before construction of floor heating system
Matters needing attention before construction of floor heating system:
1, the construction of floor radiant heating system should avoid overlapping construction with other types of work, resulting in difficult coordination or unclear responsibilities, delayed construction period and difficult quality assurance. Users need to let us communicate with the decoration company in advance to coordinate the work coordination process;
2, hydropower transformation should be completed before the floor heating system construction approach. Before the installation of the floor heating system, it is necessary to ensure that the construction of water and electricity pipelines on the construction site is completed, and the kitchen and bathroom are tested and accepted. The ground in the construction area is flat and clean, and there are no exposed steel bars, water and electricity pipelines and any equipment, materials and sundries that affect the construction.
3. It's the same as looking for a decoration company to do bean stone concrete backfill. We suggest that the decoration company do this project, and the decoration company can also pay attention to it to minimize the possibility of damaging the floor heating during construction;
4. The owner shall assist us to coordinate the relationship with the property management company and the neighborhood, and create conditions for normal construction, including going to the property management and other relevant departments to handle the corresponding personnel and equipment passes, commencement and acceptance approval procedures, etc.
Eight, how to maintain geothermal floor?
How to maintain geothermal floor?
1, heating should be gradual when it is used for the first time;
When using geothermal floor, consumers must pay attention to heating the floor and floor layer by layer. During installation, the surface temperature should be kept at about 65438 08℃. Before installation, the temperature of cement floor should be gradually increased by 5℃ every day until it reaches the standard of about 65438 08℃. The temperature should be maintained for the first 3 days after installation, and the temperature can only be raised as needed after 3 days, and the temperature can only be raised by 5℃ every day.
When using geothermal heating for the first time, pay attention to heating up slowly. When it is used for the first time, the temperature should be gradually raised in the first three days: the water temperature 18℃ on the first day, 25℃ on the second day, 30℃ on the third day, and it can be raised to normal temperature on the fourth day, that is, the water temperature is 45℃ and the surface temperature is 28℃ ~ 30℃. If the temperature does not rise too fast, the floor may crack and deform due to expansion.
When the local heating system is used again after a long time, it should be heated in strict accordance with the heating scheme when it is used for the first time.
2. The surface temperature should not be too high;
It should be noted that when geothermal heating is used, the surface temperature cannot exceed 28℃ and the water pipe temperature cannot exceed 45℃. If this temperature is exceeded, the service life and service cycle of the floor will be affected. The average family is comfortable when the room temperature reaches about 22℃ in winter. If the temperature rises normally, it will not affect the use of geothermal floor.
3, close the geothermal system, pay attention to gradually cooling;
With the passage of the season, when the weather gets warmer and the geothermal system is no longer needed for indoor heating, attention should be paid to the process of shutting down the geothermal system, and the cooling process of the floor should be gradual and not sudden. If the cooling speed is too fast, it will also affect the service life of the floor.
4. When the room is too dry, consider humidification;
The dry climate in winter, coupled with the use of geothermal heating, makes the floor easy to crack under the condition of long-term high temperature. At this time, the owner needs to humidify the room to avoid cracking and deformation of the floor.
When decorating, be careful not to make holes in the ground to nail nails, so as to avoid leakage of geothermal pipes, resulting in water cut-off of geothermal systems and scrapped floors. In addition, because the floor surface is a heat dissipation surface, it is not suitable to make fixed decorative parts or legless furniture on the floor, and it is not suitable to add a platform, so as not to affect the hot air flow and lead to poor room heating effect.
Because the surface temperature of the floor is relatively high, it is best not to put the glassware and porcelain containing water directly on the ground in the room using geothermal heating system in winter, so as to avoid the glassware from being damaged due to uneven heating, thermal expansion and contraction, and the house being flooded.
Geothermal floor has become a fashionable decoration in family decoration, but we must pay more attention to details when purchasing and laying, especially in maintenance, geothermal floor has higher requirements.
Nine, concrete filling layer construction matters needing attention
Matters needing attention in construction of concrete filling layer:
1. The construction of concrete filling layer shall be completed within 48 hours after the installation of the floor heating pipeline and the water pressure test is qualified;
2. The construction of concrete filling layer shall be undertaken by a qualified civil contractor, and our unit shall cooperate closely;
3. When the concrete filling layer is constructed, the water pressure in the heating pipeline should not be lower than 0.6MPa, and when the filling layer is maintained, the system water pressure should not be lower than 0.4 MPa.
4. The filling layer is a structural layer to protect the plastic pipe and make the ground temperature uniform. Generally, it is pisolite concrete, the stone particle size should not be greater than 10mm, the volume ratio of cement mortar should not be less than 1: 3, and the strength grade of concrete should not be less than C 15. Filling layer thickness should comply with the design requirements, flatness is not more than 3 mm;
5. For the floor heating system, expansion joints should be set at the vertical junction of walls, columns, doors and the ground, and the width of expansion joints should not be less than10 mm. When the ground area exceeds 30m2 or the side length exceeds 6m, expansion joints should be set, and the width of expansion joints should not be less than 8mm;. The above expansion joints have been laid before the construction of concrete filling layer, and attention should be paid to protect the expansion joints from damage during the construction of concrete filling layer;
6, concrete filling layer construction, it is forbidden to use mechanical vibrating equipment; Construction personnel should wear soft-soled shoes and use flat-headed shovels.
Ten, the bottom decoration construction matters needing attention
Matters needing attention in bottom decoration construction:
1, surface construction, shall not be carved on the filling layer, chisel, cut, drill, nail, shall not be wedged into anything on the filling layer;
2, surface construction, must be carried out after the filling layer reaches the required strength;
3, surface (stone, brick) and the junction of internal and external walls, columns, etc. , should leave 8mm wide expansion joints (finally to the skirting board); When laying the wooden floor, there should be expansion joints ≥ 14mm;
4. For wet rooms such as toilets, waterproof the upper part of the filling layer.
Precautions for initial heating (operation and commissioning):
1, the first heating (debugging) must be carried out after the curing period of the concrete filling layer is over and the filling layer is completely naturally dried;
2. During initial heating (commissioning), the hot water temperature should be gentle, and the water supply temperature should be controlled at about 65438 00℃ higher than the ambient temperature at that time, and should not be higher than 32℃. At this water temperature, it should run continuously for 48h;; After that, the water temperature increased by 3℃ every 24 hours until it reached the design water supply temperature.
[Edit this paragraph] XI. Floor heating debugging
1, the low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system has not been debugged completely, so it is forbidden to run.
2. The debugging and operation of low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system should be carried out under normal heating and power supply conditions.
3. The initial heating (debugging) must be carried out after the curing period of the concrete filling layer is over and the filling layer is completely naturally dried.
4. The debugging of low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system shall be carried out by the construction unit with the cooperation of the construction unit.
5. When heating for the first time, the hot water temperature should be gentle, and the water supply temperature should be controlled to be about 10℃ higher than the ambient temperature at that time, but not higher than 32℃. At this water temperature, it should run continuously for 48h;; After that, the water temperature increased by 3℃ every 24 hours until it reached the design water supply temperature. At this temperature, all components and heating pipes connected with the water collector should be adjusted one by one until they run normally.
6. The heating effect of low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system should be based on the temperature indicated by the black ball thermometer at the center of the room 1.5m away from the ground, as the basis for evaluation and examination.
Twelve, floor radiant heating system instructions.
Instructions for use of radiant floor heating system:
1, which will not be enabled in winter after system installation. If the indoor temperature is lower than 5℃, all the water in the system should be blown out by air compressor to prevent the system from freezing;
2. The initial heating (debugging) should be carried out under the guidance of our company's technicians, and it is strictly forbidden to put it into use without debugging;
3. The water supply temperature of the low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system should be 35-50℃, not exceeding 60℃, and the working pressure of the heating system should not exceed 0.8MPa;;
4. When the user starts the geothermal heating system every winter, it must be carried out step by step in strict accordance with the prescribed heating program cycle, and the temperature cannot be raised in one step;
5. Users can clean the filter at the front end of the water separator before use every year to ensure the cleanliness of the water pipe and prevent the pipe from being blocked. The specific method is as follows: first, close the inlet and outlet valves of the connecting conduit, then open the filter, take out the filter and clean it, and check whether the filter is damaged or blocked. If damaged, replace the filter screen with the same specification and install it as it is;
6. During the water supply or use of the floor heating system, air may accumulate in the pipeline, which will affect the heating effect. At this time, the air release valves of the water distributor and the water collector can be opened to discharge gas, and the method is the same as that of traditional heating;
7. The floor heating pipe laid under the ground is only about 3-4cm away from the floor. If it hits or knocks on the ground, it is easy to hurt the floor heating pipe. Therefore, it is forbidden to knock or hit the ground where the floor heating pipe is laid, and it is forbidden to wedge any sharp objects on the ground to prevent the floor heating pipe from being damaged. It is forbidden to make the ground bear more than 2 tons/square meter of load;
8. It is forbidden to place high-temperature heat sources near water distributors and water collectors and on the ground where floor heating pipes are laid to prevent damage to the pipeline system;
9. When the geothermal heating system is not used in winter, attention should be paid to protection to prevent the water separator parts from freezing or the water in the heating pipeline from freezing;
10. If users encounter problems such as overheating and water leakage during use, please contact us in time, and we are willing to serve you wholeheartedly.
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