What happened in China from the 1960s to the middle of19th century?

The Qing-Myanmar War was a war between the Qing Dynasty and the Bombay Dynasty in Myanmar at the end of 18, which revolved around the control of territory and resources in the border areas.

The war began in the winter of 1762, when Myanmar invaded Pu 'er area in China, and ended when 1769+0 16 signed an armistice contract.

Seven years later, although the Qing Dynasty realized the nominal surrender of Myanmar, it failed to win the real war. By the Qing Dynasty, both sides in Myanmar suffered heavy losses. Among the "peerless martial arts" of Emperor Qianlong, the Burma War is the only one that is controversial. In his later years, Emperor Qianlong said: "It took more than 50 years and eight wars to levy Burma, but it was unsuccessful."

Some generals who participated in the Qing-Burma War witnessed the great power of firearms held by some Burmese soldiers and felt that their firearms technology was backward. After returning home, he wrote to Emperor Qianlong, proposing to buy advanced firearms from the west, hire western military technicians, and copy firearms to enhance national strength.

However, influenced by the ancestral training of "riding and shooting is the foundation of the country", Emperor Qianlong thought that the development of firearms would lead to the Eight Banners' dependence on firearms, which led to the relaxation of their fighting skills in riding and shooting and cold weapons after entering the customs, and their skills in this field were further relaxed, so they were not taken seriously.

The war caused great political changes in Indian zhina Peninsula. When the Qing-Burma War broke out, Myanmar was at war with its historical enemy Siam (now Thailand). As soon as Siam was destroyed, it was attacked by the Qing army.

Myanmar, which was empty at home, was forced to leave only 9,000 people stationed in Siam, and the whole army returned to China to resist the attack of the Qing army. Zheng Xin in Siam was thus able to defeat other separatist forces in China, repel Burmese soldiers and rebuild Siam. The Qing-Burma War caused great changes in Indochina Peninsula. Burma was weakened by the war, and Siam returned to China.

Myanmar took the initiative to ask for tribute ten years after the war and was reintegrated into the East Asian tribute system.

2. Forest incident

The Lin Incident, also known as the Lin Uprising, was a peasant uprising led by Lin in order to oppose the oppression and exploitation of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty by the Han and Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province in the fifty-first year of the Qing Dynasty (1786).

In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), in November, Chai Dayou, the commander-in-chief of Qingtai Province, ordered the magistrate and lieutenant to lead 300 troops to Changhua to suppress it, and ordered the villagers to seize the forest, which aroused public anger. Lin led the uprising, attacked the Qing army camp and annihilated the officers and men of the Qing army.

12, Lin was elected as the grand marshal of the alliance, and Jianyuan Shuntian was established. In the fifty-two years of Qianlong (1787), the Qing court suffered a major earthquake. In the first month, Huang, commander of the navy, and Ren Chengen, commander of the army, led his troops across the sea to Taiwan for reinforcements. In August, Fu Kang 'an, a university student, was appointed as a general, and Hailancha, a minister in the bodyguard, was appointed as a counselor.

In the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), at the beginning of the first month, the Qing army attacked in many ways, defeated the rebels in Lunzaiding and Niuchoushan, seized Banzhuang and Jijipu in Dali, captured the forest alive in Laoqu Banner and returned to Beijing.

Lin Incident, Zhu Yigui Uprising and Dai Chaochun Incident are also called the three major civil unrest in Taiwan Province in Qing Dynasty. Although the uprising was suppressed for only one year and three months, its significance and influence were far-reaching.

3. The chaos of Tenrikyo.

Tianjin Uprising was an armed riot in eastern Henan and Gyeonggi areas led by Lin Qing and Li Wencheng from September to December in the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13).

Although the armed riot in Tianjin was organized and planned, it was mobilized with slogans such as "Kill officers and soldiers to cope with doom" and "If you want to eat white flour, you must sit in a temple". The mass base was not broad and solid, and it lacked preparation for struggle, which was quite blind.

Coupled with the strength of the warring parties, failure is inevitable. This riot of less than 100 working people in the lower classes of Gyeonggi Province dared to take risks and "violate the ban" in an attempt to seize power. As emperor Jiaqing said in the imperial edict on the crime of changing dynasties, it is a matter of Han, Tang, Song and Ming dynasties.

4. Destroy opium in Humen

The destruction of opium in Humen (1June, 839) refers to a historical event in which the Qing government of China appointed an imperial envoy Lin Zexu to destroy opium in Humen, Guangdong.

This incident later became the fuse of the First Opium War, and treaty of nanking was also signed in this war. Smoking ban in Humen indirectly led to the harm of unequal treaties to the people of China.

1June 3, 839 (April 22, 19th year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty), Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humentan, which lasted for 23 days until June 25, and destroyed opium 19 187 boxes and 2 1 19 bags.

The destruction of opium in Humen has become a historic event in the anti-drug struggle. June 3, which began with the destruction of opium in Humen, was designated as the No-Smoking Festival of the Republic of China, and June 26, the day after the end of cigarette sales, was also the International Anti-Drug Day.

5. The First Opium War

The First Opium War Britain usually called the First British-Chinese War or "Trade War", which was a war launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of China's modern history.

1840 (20 years of Daoguang), the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium.

In June, 1840, Major General Antony Blaquez Rand Stransham and Charles Elliot led 47 British ships and 4,000 army personnel to reach the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocking Haikou, and the Opium War began. ?

The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history.

China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Burma War

Baidu Encyclopedia-Lin Event

Baidu Encyclopedia —— The Chaos of Tenrikyo

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-Humen Destroys Opium