Key points of raising pigs

Autumn is the golden age for pig farmers to raise pigs. At this stage, pigs gain weight quickly. If farmers pay attention to cold prevention and disease prevention, increase feed nutrition and ventilation in pig houses, the growth of pigs will be more obvious. ?

Cold? The temperature drops rapidly in autumn, and the temperature difference between day and night is above 10℃, which will have a certain impact on the growth of pigs. Too high or too low temperature will affect the normal growth of pigs. Practice has proved that pigs can grow normally in autumn as long as appropriate measures are taken to keep the suitable growth temperature of pigs. Specifically, winter protection measures should be taken in advance in autumn: 1. Trim the pigsty, tightly block the air leakage part of the pigsty, and use straw mats or plastic films as shelters according to local conditions to prevent cold air from invading. Put the hay in the pigsty, don't let it get wet. 3. Increasing the feeding density and letting the pigs sleep next to each other can not only warm each other, but also increase the temperature of the fence. Feed more high-calorie feed to increase the calories of pigs. 4. Conditional farmers can build a greenhouse in the shelter corner of the pigsty, and the size of the greenhouse can be determined according to the number of pigs. The method is: build a wall about 1 m high, leave a small door for pigs to enter and leave freely, cover the upper part with straw and spread hay inside. When the temperature is low, pigs will automatically enter the insulation room to avoid the cold. ?

Prevention of disease? In autumn, pigs are prone to eperythrozoonosis and streptococcus suis, which will bring losses to farmers. Eperythrozoonosis and streptococcus suis must be prevented. 1. The typical clinical symptoms of Eperythrozoon suis (erythroderma) are the decline of sow production performance, the deterioration of piglet constitution, anemia and the increase of intestinal and respiratory tract infections. Finishing pigs are listless at the beginning of the disease, their body temperature rises to 39.5℃~42℃, they are shivering, turning around or unwilling to stand, lying alone in the ground, and have constipation or diarrhea. The skin of ears, neck, chest, abdomen and inner limbs of sick pigs is reddish purple, and the finger pressure does not subside. To treat eperythrozoonosis, Benyr and arsanilic acid can be combined with long-acting oxytetracycline, and hematopoiesis drugs or feed additives can be supplemented. 2. There are many mixed infections secondary to Streptococcus suis, and pigs are prone to secondary infections after catching a cold. The disease will increase the body temperature of sick pigs to above 465438 0℃, reduce or stop eating, and cause conjunctival flushing and runny nose. Some sick pigs suffer from arthritis, limping, crawling or unable to stand, and some sick pigs have neurological symptoms such as empty chewing. Sick pigs have constipation first and then diarrhea or constipation diarrhea alternately, and have difficulty breathing in the later stage, and often die in 1 ~3 days. In view of the above situation, vaccination should be given as soon as possible. Streptococcus suis is resistant to many antibiotics, and powerful amoxicillin, ofloxacin and enrofloxacin can effectively control the disease.

Feed? In autumn, besides strengthening the management of conventional feed, pig feed should also be stored and fattened. At this time, the temperature is suitable and the feed is sufficient, which is a good season for the growth and development of pigs. Sweet potato, peanut seedling, bean stalk, etc. It is good feed for pigs after being crushed or fermented. Potato tubers, pods, etc. It can be dried and crushed before being fed to pigs. ?

Ventilation? Ventilation is the best way to reduce the humidity and improve the air in the pigsty, and the most effective measure is to open a ventilation hole in the ceiling, so that a large amount of moisture and bad gas in the pigsty can be discharged as soon as possible without opening the doors and windows, and fresh air can be replaced. However, ventilation should be controlled, with more ventilation in sunny and warm days and less ventilation in cloudy and cold days, so that ventilation and heat preservation can be coordinated.

Matters needing attention in introduction. According to the needs of production, we will actively introduce excellent breeding pigs and ensure the production performance, epidemic disease and environment. For newly introduced pigs, we should give them water first, rest for 6 ~ 12 hours, then supply a small amount of feed, gradually increase the feeding amount the next day, and then return to normal feeding amount five days later.

2. The piglet delivery technology. Sows should be guarded by special personnel before delivery, and the pens should be cleaned and disinfected. After the piglet is delivered, hold the piglet with one hand, and slowly pull out the umbilical cord with the other hand, immediately remove the mucus from the piglet's nose, and then dry it with a rag. After the piglets are delivered, it is necessary to cut the umbilical cord at the base of 3 ~ 5 cm, and immediately disinfect the umbilical cord and its surroundings with 3% iodine. If the umbilical cord bleeds, it can be ligated at the root of the umbilical cord for 2 ~ 3 minutes or ligated with sterile cotton thread. When piglets walk, the length of umbilical cord should be kept off the ground, and heat preservation should be done in winter.

3. Piglets should eat colostrum and fixed nipples as soon as possible. After the piglets are born, they must be fed colostrum as soon as possible, but the "first sip of milk" in the sow's breast should be squeezed out and discarded before feeding the piglets. At the same time, it is best to adjust the fixed nipple manually according to the size and strength of piglets, and each piglet will have its own fixed nipple in about two days.

4. Iron supplementation for piglets. It should be supplemented at the age of 3 ~ 4 days. The first reference method is oral administration of ferrous sulfate (1000 ml of water and 2.5 g of ferrous sulfate) per head 10 ml per day. The second method can also be intramuscular injection of pig iron supplement injection such as iron dextran, 3 ~ 4 days old 100 ~ 150 mg, 2 weeks old 1 time. The third method is to supplement clean iron-rich red soil in the piglet pen, so that piglets can eat freely.

5. Feeding and drinking of piglets. Drink water at 3 ~ 5 days old and feed at 5 ~ 7 days old. The reference methods are as follows: Method 1: Sprinkle piglet feed where piglets go in and out, and let them eat freely; The second method is to reduce the sow's trough by about 10 cm, so that piglets can pick feed with sows when eating, so as to train piglets to eat; Method 3: Apply piglet feed on your fingers and let the piglets lick it and train several times. Method 4: sprinkle sugar water on the piglet feed, smear it on the piglet's lips or put it in the piglet's mouth, let it lick, and repeat it for 2 ~ 4 times. 40 ~ 60 days old should be fed a night meal.

6. Piglets work in groups after weaning. It is best to finish it in 28 ~ 30 days. Self-breeding and self-feeding, the original group is temporarily raised, and it gradually becomes fattening pig feed in half a month. For piglets in different pens, we can adopt the methods of "leaving the weak without leaving the strong", "dismantling more and not dismantling less" and "not merging day and night", that is, leaving the piglets with weak physique in the original pen and merging the piglets with good physique into other groups; Leave a small number of groups in the original circle and merge a large number of groups into other groups. It's best to merge at night. When merging, you can spray some feces and urine on pigs in advance.

7. Pig training. The three directions of training are eating, sleeping and urinating. Methods: Wet the pre-excretion place, put grass on the sleeping place and monitor it with a pole. Be patient when training, don't drive and shout violently, otherwise it is difficult for pigs to form habits.

8. Management of sow feeding. Free feeding was adopted before the age of 6 months, and the feeding was appropriately restricted at the age of 6.5 ~ 7 months, and the feeding amount was controlled at 1.8 ~ 2.5kg/ head. Generally, the adaptation time is over 7.5 months old and the body weight is over 120kg.

9. Feeding management suitable for breeding sows. In the first half of breeding, the optimal feeding amount is more than the normal feeding amount. After culture, the feed decreased to 1.6 ~ 1.8 kg/head/day. Pregnant sows should not be overfeed. One month before birth, especially around 15, it is necessary to increase the nutrition supply, adjust the waist condition of sows, strengthen the nutrition of lactating sows, and pay special attention to ensuring drinking water.

10. Do a good job in breeding. Sows often estrus in 22 ~ 32 days after delivery and 3 ~ 7 days after weaning, so they should be bred in time. Reproduction can be repeated during mating, that is, mating in estrus for 8 ~ 12 hours 1 time, and mating with the same boar at intervals of 12 ~ 18 hours/time; Double breeding can also be used, that is, two pigs of different breeds or the same breed are used 1 time in one estrus period of sows, and the interval is 10 minute.

1 1. Feeding management of finishing pigs. It is suggested that the feeding frequency should be 5 times on the first day of weaning, each time in the morning and evening 1 time, and 3 times during the day; When the weight reaches 30 kg, it can be fed three times (morning, noon and evening 1 time); When the weight reaches 100 kg, it can be slaughtered. It is best to use wet feed, and the dry-wet ratio of wet feed for newly weaned piglets is about 5: 1, which can be gradually improved with the increase of age.

12. Feeding management of boars. Generally, feed it three times a day, morning, middle and evening 1 time, and drink freely after feeding. During the feeding period, juicy materials and green feed can be properly mixed, and exercise should be strengthened, preferably after feeding at night, lasting 1 ~ 2 hours. The utilization of boar, 1 ~ 2 years old can cooperate with 65438+ 0 ~ 2 times a week; 2 ~ 5 years old can be given 1 ~ 2 times a day, 1 time in the morning and evening, but rest for 2 ~ 3 days a week; Under 5 years old, it can be injected/kloc-0 every/~ 2 days. Breeding should be carried out before early feeding or late feeding. If conditions permit, an egg can be added after breeding.

13. Epidemic prevention and deworming. The reference immunization procedures are: 20-day-old swine fever, 30-day-old pneumonic plague and erysipelas, 35-day-old piglet collateral injury, 40-day-old bivalent inactivated vaccine of Streptococcus suis, 50-day-old O-hoof, 65-day-old swine fever, pneumonic plague and erysipelas, and the injection dosage is executed according to the vaccine instructions. Routine immunization will be carried out in the future. Commonly used anthelmintic drugs are: levamisole and so on. The common method of skin insect delivery can be scrubbed with trichlorfon solution, which is usually scrubbed twice lightly and 3 ~ 4 times severely, and can be done at noon on sunny days in winter.

First, feed is an important route of transmission of various pathogenic microorganisms. Feeding safe feed is the source of producing safe pork. Strictly manage the production of feed and feed additives according to law, strengthen monitoring and testing, and strictly prohibit and severely investigate illegal drugs. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection and monitoring of feed raw materials, and it is forbidden to feed moldy and deteriorated feed and feed seriously polluted by toxic pesticides. In addition, develop new green and safe feed and feed additives. Such as planting pollution-free high-yield and high-quality green feed, using microbial preparations, enzyme preparations, acidifiers, Chinese herbal medicines and preparations extracted from natural plants approved by the national animal husbandry department. It should also be built away from pollution sources such as chemicals, pesticides, rivers and villages, and fed with pollution-free feed and drinking water. China's new Hygienic Standard for Feed stipulates the allowable amount of harmful substances and microorganisms in feed and feed additive products, and the total number of arsenic, lead, fluorine, mold, aflatoxin, chromium, mercury, cadmium, cyanide, nitrite, gossypol, isothiocyanate, copper oxazolidinesulfonate, bhc, DDT and bacteria in feed shall not exceed the standard. Among trace elements, copper is also strictly restricted.

Second, harmful microorganisms widely exist in drinking water and live in it for a long time, which is very important for disinfection of drinking water. We should often send water samples to relevant departments for microbial and water quality testing, and insist on using bleaching powder, potassium permanganate and chlorpyrifos to disinfect drinking water all the year round. To meet the water quality standards for drinking water for livestock and poultry, the sensory characteristics and general chemical indicators of the water quality used include water color, turbidity, total hardness, PH, total dissolved solids, chlorides, sulfates and total Escherichia coli, and the toxicological indicators such as fluoride, cyanide, total arsenic, total mercury, copper, chromium, cadmium and nitrate shall not exceed the standard values, and there shall be no odor, malathion, phosphorus absorbed by naked eyes and pesticides.

Three, the most serious problem of veterinary drugs at present is overdose and drug abuse. Indeed, once a pig is sick, it should be given the right medicine on the basis of a clear diagnosis. According to the drug instructions, or because a drug has developed certain drug resistance, a little dose is allowed, but the drugs used should meet the national veterinary drug code, veterinary drug standards and veterinary drug quality standards, and antibiotics and hormones should be used as little as possible. It is forbidden to fake and shoddy veterinary drugs, anesthetics, stimulants, chemicals, skeletal muscle relaxants, veterinary drugs produced by genetic engineering without the approval of the national animal husbandry and veterinary department, and veterinary drugs that have not been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture or have been declared obsolete. The permitted veterinary drugs should be used in strict accordance with the usage and dosage.

4. Environmental sanitation and safety are important factors for developing green ecological pig raising. First of all, we should strengthen the management of the pig farm and its surrounding environment, clean the pen house every day, keep it clean and well ventilated, and disinfect the inside and outside of the pen house regularly. Kill rats, flies and mosquitoes, and transport feces and dirt outside for fermentation, so as to kill germs and eggs in feces and reduce soil pollution. Urine and sewage are discharged to the off-site sewage treatment pool through underground waterways, and feces can also produce biogas. Secondly, in the whole process of transportation, slaughter, meat processing, packaging, sales, family storage and cooking, we should strictly guard against the pollution of pathogenic microorganisms and water-injected meat, and sick and dead meat will flow into the market to ensure that consumers can eat safe meat.