How to write a forest police graduation thesis

Historical Development of Forest Police in my country Abstract] From the history of forestry development, the functions of forest police were handled by Shan Yu and Lin Henglai in ancient times. Forest police in the modern sense can be traced back to the Beiyang Government period, when they were called "forest police". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state attached great importance to the protection and development of forest resources. Based on the characteristics of the forestry administrative system and the actual needs of protecting forest resources, it established forest police agencies in forest areas to strengthen forestry public security work. Since entering the 21st century, forest police have developed greatly, which fully reflects the great importance attached by the Party Central Committee and the State Council to forestry development and ecological construction, and the care and love for forest police and forestry inspection teams. [Key words] History of the development of forest police 1. Functional organizations of ancient Chinese forest police Forests are the cradle of human beings, and human beings have reproduced and evolved from large forests. To this day, forests are still the basis for human survival. Judging from the history of forestry development, the functions of the forest police were handled by Shan Yu and Lin Henglai in ancient times. The book "Police Administration" of the Republic of China simply concluded that Lin Heng and Shan Yu were forest policemen. Although this conclusion is debatable, there is no doubt that they were forestry officials. It is only natural that the forest police function should be in charge of it. According to the laws of social development, the division of labor in ancient human society was not clear, and it was very common for various functions to be integrated into one person. Even in China's long feudal society, the system of integrating administration and justice, and integrating military and administration has been implemented for a long time. Under this system, a system has been implemented for a long time that there is no distinction between military and police, and no distinction between political and police. Therefore, its police function and the institutions with this function can be traced back to the initial period of class formation and the emergence of the state, although it is different from the police in the modern sense. 2. The prototype of the “forest police” during the Republic of China The modern forest police can be traced back to the period of the Beiyang Government, when it was called the “forest police.” In fact, earlier, when the Republic of China was founded and Sun Yat-sen took office as the interim president, he regarded afforestation and forest restoration as the foundation of the country and formulated six tasks of "Forests and Nation-building": (1) Forests and people's livelihood; (2) Construction Forest; (3) Forest development; (4) Forest administration; (5) Mountain forest survey; (6) Forest and construction. It was proposed: "The fundamental method to prevent floods and droughts is to create forests, and to create large-scale forests across the country." The government of the Republic of China established the Ministry of Industry, with the Department of Agriculture under it to manage forestry administration, and later the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, with the Ministry of Forestry under it. Division manager. Article 11 of the "Forest Policy Outline" was first promulgated in 1912, which stipulates that unowned mountain forests are state-owned, restricting indiscriminate logging and private logging, setting up forest police, and rewarding private afforestation. Provinces with mountain forests will set up forest officers and forest administration agencies to promote management. Afforestation and forest protection and other government affairs. The Forest Law was promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the National Government in November 1914 and 1930 respectively, consisting of Chapter 6 and 32 Articles and Chapter 7 and 77 Articles respectively, and the "Forest Law Implementation Rules" were successively formulated. At the same time, the "Hunting Law" and "Hunting Law Implementation Rules" were formulated and promulgated. Provide legal basis for protecting forest resources and maintaining public order in forest areas. On July 7, 1915, the governor of Xiaofeng County was commended by the Zhejiang Patrol Commissioner's Office for his establishment of a mountain forest police station, the formulation of thorough police regulations, and his remarkable achievements in protecting mountains and forests. In 1919, the Provincial Police Department ordered the Forest Police Station to be renamed the Forest Police Team, under the jurisdiction of the County Police Department, with a staff of 42 people, equipped with weapons, and one inspector (later renamed captain), who was recommended by the gentry. The forest police take turns stationed in the Danian area of ??the bamboo forest to patrol the mountains and protect the forests. Anji County also has forest police, which are stationed at Yunye Company and Taonan, Taobei, and Sangang Forestry Cooperatives to patrol mountains and protect forests. At the same time, the mountain owner also hires mountain watchers to manage the mountain in different areas. Once there is an incident of digging bamboo shoots, cutting bamboo, or logging, the mountain watchers will report it to the forest police for handling. In 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), the Jiangsu Education Group’s publicly owned forest (later renamed Jiangsu Province Education Forest) was funded and operated by the Jiangsu Province Education Group. The group's organizational status will be reported to the President for approval by the patrol envoy, and will be reported to the ministries of internal affairs, finance, education, agriculture and commerce for filing. The group proposed in its "Outline of Organization" that "with regard to the protection of public forests, forest police may be established as appropriate."

On August 22, 1924 (the 13th year of the Republic of China), the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs responded to "A letter from the Hubei Provincial Police Office asking whether there is a special chapter for the forest police." It stated that "the investigation of the forest police regulations has already been carried out by the headquarters and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce." Discussions have not yet been finalized. Before this regulation is promulgated, the mining police will still be under the jurisdiction of the police, and the qualifications and service status of the selected patrol officers shall be handled in the same manner in conjunction with the Industrial Department. Return to the Hubei Provincial Police Department to check the license.” Hubei Province is the first province in China to establish a police force in modern times. It asked "Where should the forest police system proposed to be established by counties outside the province belong to? The qualifications and service status of patrol policemen should be unified with the general administrative police." "Reply", which shows that it was relatively common for various localities to establish their own forest police at that time. In view of the fact that the functions of forest police cannot be replaced by ordinary police, the Ministry of Interior of the National Government of Nanjing needs to set up a special forest police. Therefore, from September 2 to 7, 1929 (the 18th year of the Republic of China), the Ministry of Agriculture and Mines of the Nanjing National Government held a forestry meeting and passed a resolution on the Forestry Secretary’s proposal to request the central government to establish a forest police training institute - a resolution handled by the Ministry of Agriculture and Mines. case. In November 1929, while working with the Ministry of Agriculture and Minerals to prepare for the establishment of the fishery police, they requested the Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Resources to jointly formulate various regulations for the forest police. However, the Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Resources reasoned that the forest law at that time had not yet been reviewed and promulgated by the Legislative Yuan, and the draft of the forest police was The regulations were shelved on the grounds that they had no basis. On July 7, 1930, the Central Model Forestry Administration established its own forest police based on actual needs. The first class of police handouts of the Republic of China also confirms that the forest police was established on July 7. After the establishment of the forest police, it was organized separately and had a dedicated trainer. Later, due to financial difficulties, the technical staff of the bureau and the forest farm administrators were jointly managed. The forest police is funded by the regular expenses of the Forestry Administration. There are 70 long-term police officers and 25 rifles. They are stationed in various subordinate forest farms. They are managed by the technical section instructors of the Forestry Administration and the administrators of each forestry. They serve as Forest protection mission. After the Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Resources was changed to the Ministry of Industry, the forest police affairs were transferred to the Forestry and Reclamation Department of the Ministry of Industry. On February 15, 1943, the then Nanjing Government Executive Yuan promulgated and implemented the "Forest Police Regulations", which for the first time stipulated in legal form the establishment methods, personnel and equipment of forest police agencies. The responsibilities of the forest police at that time were as follows [1]: (1) Maintaining the daily management of the forest area, mainly verifying certificates for hunting, logging, mowing, lighting fires and other forest protection matters. (2) Maintain public security order in forest areas, protect forestry workers, prevent and detect forest crimes, and deal with incidents that disrupt order in forest areas and forest farms or hinder forest operations. (3) Protect forest resources: Prevent human and animal damage or illegal logging of forests, prevent and deal with various meteorological disasters in the forest, prevent and control forest diseases and insect pests, and prevent and extinguish forest fires. For ordinary police violations that occur in forest areas and forest farms, forest police should transfer them to the local police agency or township for handling, unless entrusted or ordered by the local police agency. In an emergency, forest criminals can be arrested outside the jurisdiction, but they should be immediately transferred to local judicial authorities or public security authorities for handling according to law. If necessary, you can also ask nearby local police, militia, or the military to assist in maintaining public order. According to the "Forest Police Regulations" at that time, the establishment of forest police was completely implemented on a voluntary basis. The petitioner voluntarily submitted an application, stating the name of the forest owner, the area of ????the forest and the boundaries of the forest area, business profile and number of workers, and the required forest police. Or the number of police officers stationed and the status of firearms and ammunition. Depending on the forest ownership, the configuration and appointment and dismissal procedures of the forest police at that time were also different. If it is necessary to set up a forest police in a state-owned forest, the forest authority or entrusted management agency shall submit it to the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for approval. After approval, the two ministries will send a letter to the provincial government where the state-owned forest is located and forward it to the relevant county government. If it is necessary to set up forest police in public forests, the forest management agency shall submit a petition to the provincial government for approval. After approval, the provincial government will report to the Ministry of Interior and Agriculture and Forestry and notify the county government where the public forest is located.

For private forests, if forest police need to be set up, the owner of the forest should apply to the police agency or county government where the forest is located to dispatch police officers. After the police agency or county government approves and dispatches, the forest owner will report to the provincial police authority and the provincial forestry authority for internal affairs. , registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The forest police are under the supervision and command of the forestry authorities, and the necessary funds are paid by the forestry authorities or private forest owners. Forest police officers for state-owned forests are appointed and dismissed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in conjunction with the Ministry of Interior. Forest police officers for public and private forests are appointed and dismissed by the provincial government and reported to the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for filing. 3. The establishment of forest public security agencies after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state attached great importance to the protection and development of forest resources. According to the characteristics of the forestry administrative system and the actual needs of protecting forest resources, it established forest public security agencies in forest areas to strengthen forestry public security. Work. The establishment and development of the forest police agencies in New China can be roughly divided into four stages [2]: (1) The first stage is the start-up stage (1947-1966). On January 12, 1951, in order to strengthen the protection of national forests and Forestry production equipment must be strictly protected against damage by enemy agents and fires. Gao Gang, Chairman of the Northeast People's Government, signed the "Decision on the Establishment of Forestry Public Security Bureau" (Dong Zheng Gong Zi No. 2), which was announced in the forest industry administration bureaus under the General Administration of Forestry ( That is, there are forest public security offices under the six administrative offices of Songjiang, Yichun, Mudanjiang, Jilin, Liaodong, and Heilongjiang. It is under the leadership of the provincial public security bureau of the province where it is located in business operations, and under the leadership of the forest industry bureau of the respective province in administrative and daily work. Its business scope is: (1) Organize and educate employees to carry out forest protection, fire prevention, rape prevention, bandit prevention, etc. (2) Investigate and report enemy agents and counter-revolutionary saboteurs. (3) Research and guide forest protection and fire prevention work. (4) Assist in administrative guidance and education of the Forest Guard. The decision also clearly stipulates the establishment, functions, personnel, establishment, remuneration and other issues of the Forestry Public Security Department’s internal institutions and subordinate institutions. This is the first legal document related to forest public security agencies issued by a local people's government in the country after 1949. In June 1953, with the approval of the Government Affairs Council, the Forestry Public Security Bureau was established in the state-owned forestry bureaus in the forest areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Inner Mongolia. The main tasks at that time were to clear out bandits and fight against hegemony, eliminate counter-revolutionaries and suppress special forces, and ensure the smooth progress of forestry production. In the late 1950s, especially during the "Great Leap Forward" period, my country's limited forest resources suffered great damage. In the early 1960s, the country adjusted its policies and took many measures to protect forest resources, which enabled forestry public security agencies to achieve considerable development. The state has clarified the responsibilities and authorities of the forestry public security agencies in the northeastern state-owned forest areas in terms of laws and policies, and strengthened the construction of the forestry public security team through multiple investments. In the early 1960s, forestry police stations were also established in the southern forest areas. Among them, 7 provinces and autonomous regions including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Hubei have more than 500 forestry police officers and 129 police stations. Forest resources and safety protection work in the southern collective forest areas have been strengthened. In this way, there are forestry police teams of a certain scale in key forest areas in the north and south of the country. Protecting forests and wild animal and plant resources has become an important mission of forestry public security agencies. Since they are located in deep mountains and old forests, "one person, one horse and one pole" Guns, anti-traitors and special forces to fight against jackals." This is a true portrayal of the life of the forest police at that time. (2) The second stage is during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). During the Cultural Revolution, the forestry public security work was paralyzed due to the impact of the national public security, procuratorate, and legal agencies, and the protection of forest resources was in trouble. (3) The third stage is the early stage of reform and opening up, the recovery and development stage of forest public security (1976-1998). Until the end of ten years of turmoil in 1976, especially the successful convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, after the chaos was brought to order, Forestry public security work has been restored and developed. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in order to adapt to the new situation of forestry development and the new requirements for strengthening the protection of forest and wild animal and plant resources, the government adopted a series of reform measures in forestry construction, and managing forests according to law began to be put on the historical agenda.

On January 15, 1979, the State Council’s “Notice on Protecting Forest Resources and Preventing Indiscriminate Deforestation” clearly stated that forest area police stations should be established to protect forests and maintain security in forest areas. Paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the "Forest Law of the People's Republic of China" (Trial) passed on February 23, 1979 stipulates: "Provincial and autonomous region revolutionary committees shall, based on actual needs, establish public security bureaus, Police stations should be equipped with forest police to strengthen public security and protect forests. This is the first law on forest resource protection promulgated by the country’s highest authority since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In December 1980, the Ministry of Forestry, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly issued the "Notice on Establishing and Improving Forestry Public Security, Procuratorial, and Court Organizational Structures in Key Forest Areas," requiring the establishment and improvement of forestry public security agencies in key forest areas. Institutions include establishing forestry public security bureaus in state-owned forestry bureaus and material inspection and water transportation bureaus; establishing forestry public security offices or forestry public security departments and units in provinces, prefectures (cities), and counties with relatively large forest resources; establishing forestry public security bureaus in state-owned forest farms in nature reserves. bureau or police station. On March 8, 1981, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly stated in the "Decision on Several Issues Concerning the Protection of Forests and the Development of Forestry" (Zhongfa [1981] No. 25) that forest areas must establish and improve forestry public security agencies as soon as possible. . In October 1982, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Emergency Notice on Stopping Indiscriminate Deforestation" which clearly pointed out that serious criminals who destroy forest resources and leaders who harbor, support, and incite the destruction of forest resources should be punished. If a cadre commits a crime, he shall be held criminally responsible in accordance with the law. By the end of June 1983, the national forestry police force had covered 25 provinces and autonomous regions. Among them, 14 provinces and autonomous regions have established forestry public security bureaus (departments), 149 forestry public security bureaus have been established in large-scale state-owned forest areas, 163 prefectures and counties have established forestry public security departments (units), 1,730 forestry police stations, and 17,000 police officers The remaining people. The Forest Law promulgated in September 1984 determined the legal status of protecting forests and developing forestry, and made detailed provisions on the legal provisions applicable to illegal logging, indiscriminate logging and other criminal acts that damage forest resources. In 1984, the State Council approved the Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Public Security's "Request for Instructions on Solving the Problems of the Forestry Public Security System" (Lin Fazheng [106]). In the same year, the Ministry of Labor and Personnel issued the "Notice on the Problems of the Forestry Public Security System" (Lao Renbian No. 1984 [70]). ), approved the establishment of the Forestry Public Security Bureau by the Ministry of Forestry, which will be included in the sequence of the Ministry of Public Security and implement dual leadership. The establishment required for the bureau will be adjusted within the administrative establishment of the Ministry of Forestry. It is agreed that local forestry public security agencies will be included in the national public security series, and the armed forest police will be included in the people's armed police series, and a dual leadership, local-based system will be implemented. The salary standards, clothing, weapons and equipment of forestry police officers are subject to the unified regulations of the national public security police officers and the people's armed police respectively. Staff establishment and expenditures are still borne by the forestry department. The establishment of forestry public security agencies above the county level is settled in the establishment of forestry departments at all levels. The establishment of forestry public security agencies and forest area police stations of state-owned forestry enterprises and public institutions are included in the establishment of enterprises and institutions respectively. In August 1984, the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Notice on Incorporating the Forestry Public Security Bureau into the Ministry of Public Security" [(84) Gong (Political) Zi No. 48], integrating the Forestry Public Security Bureau into the Ministry of Public Security's sequence as the 16th Bureau, 11 The Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Forestry was officially established in September. In October 1985, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Forestry jointly held a national forestry public security work conference in Kunming, attended by the heads of public security departments (bureaus) and forestry (agriculture and forestry) departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

In January 1986, the two ministries jointly issued the "Minutes of the National Forestry Public Security Work Conference" (Lin An Zi [1986] No. 1). The "Minutes" specifically stipulated (1) the tasks of forestry public security; (2) the nature of forestry public security agencies. , responsibilities, powers and jurisdiction; (3) the management system of the forestry public security agency; (4) the funds and equipment of the forestry public security agency; (5) strengthening the construction of the forestry public security team in five aspects, clarifying that the protection of forest resources is a forestry The primary task of public security work is to once again clarify that the forestry public security organs are an integral part of the public security organs. They are armed public security administrative forces dispatched by the public security organs to forest areas to protect the security of forest resources and maintain social order in forest areas. In principle, they exercise the power of local public security organs at the same level. responsibilities and authorities. It can be seen from this that forest public security work includes forest police team management, institutional construction, maintaining social order in state-owned forest areas, combating illegal and criminal activities that damage forest and wildlife resources, preventing and fighting forest fires, and other content-based public security administration. The force and criminal law enforcement force are tools of the people's democratic dictatorship and an integral part of the national public security organs. Forestry public security agencies at all levels quickly communicated and implemented the work and quickly shifted their focus to protecting forest resources, which greatly promoted the development of forest public security undertakings. In order to strengthen forestry public security work, the Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the "Minutes of the National Forestry Public Security Work Conference" on January 10, 1986, which clearly pointed out: Forestry public security agencies are an integral part of the public security agencies and are the public security agencies stationed in forest areas to protect forests. Resource security, armed security administrative forces that maintain social security in forest areas, in principle exercise the responsibilities and powers of local public security organs at the same level. On June 30, 1987, it was still difficult to control the long-standing excessive logging of forest trees, and forest resources continued to decline. Indiscriminate logging has been repeatedly banned and intensified, and the trees in some state-owned forest farms and nature reserves have also been illegally logged and plundered. The direct reasons for this situation are mainly the imbalance and loopholes in certain specific policies in forestry reform, lax forestry administration and resource management, and the ineffective crackdown on criminals. In order to resolutely curb this unhealthy trend, further plug loopholes in policies and systems, and strictly strengthen forest resource management, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Instructions on Strengthening Forest Resource Management in Southern Collective Forest Areas and Resolutely Stop Indiscriminate Deforestation." ”, as incidents of forest robbery have become more and more intense across the country, it has also prompted the country to pay continuous attention to the construction of forest police teams. On July 1, 1992, the 26th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China and the National Police Ranks" and the "Notice of the State Council approving the Ministry of Public Security's "Implementation Measures for the Assessment and Awarding of Police Ranks to the People's Police" " (Guofa [1992] No. 49) stipulates that "Personnel who are assessed and awarded police ranks must be on-the-job people's policemen who belong to the people's police establishment." "Public security departments at all levels (including public security departments established in railways, transportation, civil aviation, Forestry public security agencies)", forestry public security has truly been recognized in national law, making forestry public security truly an organizational part of national public security. Forest police officers were assigned police ranks in accordance with regulations. Management of forest police cadres shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the People's Police Law and the requirements of the Ministry of Public Security. The leading cadres of forest public security agencies at all levels are recommended by the forestry department of the unit where they work. After soliciting the opinions of the public security department at the same level, they are reported to the higher-level forest public security agency for approval. According to the cadre management authority, the cadre management department handles the appointment and removal procedures. In principle, forest police officers must be transferred from graduates of public security police academies. If transferred from other departments, they must have a college degree or above and undergo strict examinations and assessments; those below the prefecture (city) level must After submitting the application to the Forestry Public Security Department (Bureau) of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for review and approval, the local personnel department will handle the transfer procedures. Since July 1, 1992, the People's Police of our country has implemented a police rank system.

For the Forest Public Security People's Police, the titles of superintendent and police officer are reviewed by the Forest Public Security Department (Bureau) of each province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government, reported to the Forest Public Security Bureau of the State Forestry Administration for approval, and appointed by the director of public security; The Forest Public Security Bureau (Bureau) of the municipality directly under the Central Government shall apply, review by the Forest Public Security Bureau of the State Forestry Administration, report to the Ministry of Public Security for approval, and be appointed by the Minister of Public Security; the third-level police supervisor shall apply from the Forest Public Security Bureau of the State Forestry Administration, review by the Ministry of Public Security, and review and approval by the Police Rank Leading Group. Appointed by the Minister of Public Security; police ranks above the second-level police superintendent shall be declared by the Ministry of Public Security, reviewed by the Police Rank Leading Group, and appointed by the Prime Minister of the State Council. (4) The fourth stage, from 1999 to the present, is a stage of further improvement and standardization. On April 29, 1998, the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress passed the "On Amending the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China". Article 10 of the "Decision" stipulates: Add one article as Article 20: "Forest public security organs established in forest areas in accordance with relevant national regulations are responsible for maintaining social order in the jurisdiction, protecting forest resources within the jurisdiction, and may In accordance with the provisions of this Law, within the scope authorized by the forestry administrative department of the State Council, the administrative penalty powers stipulated in Articles 39, 42, 43 and 44 of this Law shall be exercised.” The regulations not only clarified the legal status and responsibilities of the forest public security organs, but also clarified in legal form for the first time the title of the original "forestry police" who took the protection of forest and wildlife resources as their own responsibility, that is, "Forest Police". Therefore, the subsequent "forest public security agencies" will be renamed uniformly as: "forest public security agencies" in accordance with the provisions of the law. The forest public security agencies have ushered in a stage of further improvement and standardization. As of the end of 2004, 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) except Shanghai had established 6,769 forest public security agencies and 1 bureau-level agency (the Forest Public Security Bureau of the State Forestry Administration is the 16th Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security) ; 31 provincial (autonomous and municipal) forest public security bureaus (divisions) (28 forest public security bureaus and 3 forest public security divisions); 375 prefecture-level and municipal-level agencies; 1,590 county-level agencies; 4,767 police stations, actually The police force is 56,483. On July 29, 2005, the General Office of the State Council officially issued the "Notice on Solving the Establishment and Funding Issues of Forest Public Security and Forestry Inspection and Law" in the form of Guoban [2005] No. 42. Over the years, forest police and forestry law enforcement agencies have made outstanding contributions to protecting forests and wild animal and plant resources, protecting ecological security, and maintaining social order in forest areas. However, due to various reasons, the establishment of forest police and forestry law enforcement agencies is not uniform, and funding channels are diverse and unstable, which seriously affects the stability of the team and the performance of their functions. The issuance and implementation of the State Council Document No. 42 has effectively solved the bottleneck problem that has long restricted the construction and development of the forest police and forestry inspection teams. It is also important for stabilizing the team, gathering police morale, boosting morale, strengthening functions, and doing a good job in the "stalemate stage". "Ecological protection work will have a significant and far-reaching impact. The establishment of forestry police and forestry law enforcement agencies has been included in the special political and legal establishment sequence, and the funds have been included in the fiscal budgets at all levels. This is a major issue that the forestry authorities and forestry public security agencies at all levels have been working hard for for a long time, and the majority of forestry police officers are eagerly looking forward to it. Now the State Council has decided to resolve this issue as soon as possible. This is a major deployment made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council to strengthen ecological construction and protection. It is another major achievement in forestry ecological protection and a milestone in the history of the development of forest police and forestry inspection. This major event fully reflects the great importance attached by the Party Central Committee and the State Council to forestry development and ecological construction, as well as the care and love for the forest police and forestry inspection teams. References: [1] Han Yanlong, Su Yigong: "History of Modern Chinese Police" (Part 1 and 2), Social Sciences Literature Press, first edition, January 2000, pp. 660-662. [2] Jiang Xianjin and Luo Feng, editors-in-chief, "The Complete Book of Police Business—Security Work Volume", published by Zhongzun Publishing House, 1st edition, July 1996, pp. 379-385.

About the author: Hu Jiangang, male, born in April 1967, native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province, is an associate professor in the Department of Public Security of Nanjing Forest Police College. His research interests include security science and forest security management. ≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ ≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (Continued from page 9) Comparative study of the national culture of various ethnic groups in Jiangsu and neighboring countries such as Russia, Japan, North Korea, and South Korea. The international project "Comparative Study of the Cultures of the Hezhe People in China and the Ainu in Japan" undertaken by the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences is about the belief culture, folk culture, food culture, clothing culture, living culture, funeral culture, and wedding customs culture of these two transnational ethnic groups. We will conduct a detailed comparative study to reveal the cultural exchange relationship between the two ethnic groups. 3. Research Suggestions Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, research on the culture of ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang has made great progress. A number of ethnic minority scholars have emerged, such as You Zhixian and Yu Jinliang of the Hezhe ethnic group, Han Youfeng and Meng Shuzhen of the Oroqen ethnic group, Wu Keyao of the Xibe ethnic group, Bo Shaobu of the Mongolian ethnic group, Na Xiaobo of the Ewenki ethnic group, etc. These ethnic minority scholars have played a vital role in the study of ethnic minority culture in our province. Only what is national can be considered world-wide. The Hezhen population in our country is very small, with only 4,640 people, and only 3,910 people in our province (the fifth national census). However, in recent years, research on the Hezhen people has attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world. Fumari and Nan Rongguo from Germany, Michel from Switzerland, Majia from Italy, Narr from Canada, Lee Jong-joo from South Korea, Najia and Sergei Vasilyevich from Russia, Niryo Ikegami from Japan, Scholars such as Shigeo Asakawa, Shizuo Ohnuki, Takeshi Shibuya, etc. have come to Heilongjiang for investigation and research, and some have come many times for investigation and interviews. Research on Heilongjiang minority culture has transcended national boundaries and become an international academic research. After returning to China, these foreign scholars published monographs and papers, and translated research articles and folk literature works on Heilongjiang's ethnic minority cultures, which increased Heilongjiang's popularity. Facing the 21st century, in order to push our research on minority culture in Heilongjiang Province to a new stage, the following suggestions are put forward: 1. Excavate the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities to serve the economic development of Longjiang. 2. Deploy personnel from the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, the Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Provincial Department of Culture, the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Committee, and the Provincial Ethnic Museum to form a minority culture rescue team in our province. Within 3 to 5 years, we will conduct research on the culture of the Hezhe, Oroqen and other ethnic groups in our province. Focus on rescue. 3． Instruct the publishing department to publish a set of "Heilongjiang National Culture Series", including works on national history, national customs, folk literature, national crafts, national art, and national economy. 4. Establish designated ethnic minority customs tourist areas to attract Chinese and foreign tourists to experience ethnic customs, taste local dishes, watch ethnic songs and dances, and purchase ethnic handicrafts and tourist souvenirs. 5. Help ethnic minorities develop distinctive handicraft production, such as birch bark crafts, fish skin crafts, fish bone crafts, etc., increase the economic income of ethnic minority areas, and contribute to the development of tourism in our province. 6. In primary and secondary schools in areas where ethnic minorities live, ethnic language courses should be offered to teach basic knowledge of ethnic culture, so that the next generation of ethnic minorities will have a thorough understanding of their own ethnic culture from an early age. 7. Organize provincial and municipal TV stations to shoot documentaries and romantic films that reflect the development and changes of ethnic minorities in our province over the past 50 years, and recommend them to CCTV and foreign TV stations. 8. Use pictures, articles, videos, objects, etc. to promote the culture of ethnic minorities in our province in museums, newspapers, radio stations, TV stations, street bulletin boards, hotel reception rooms and other places. Let the general public understand the culture of ethnic minorities in our province. 9. Allocate special funds to support national culture research, publish academic research works and popular readings, support local scholars to visit Japan, Russia and other countries, hold international national culture academic seminars, and let research results go abroad and go to the world.