The living habits of silkworms? How to breed?

Many mulberry trees, including trees and shrubs, grow on the vast Yuan Ye in China. There are several kinds of insects living in mulberry trees. They eat mulberry leaves or tree trunks. Among these insects, one species of Lepidoptera can spin silk and form cocoons, which attracted the attention of our ancestors. This is a silkworm. Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves, spin cocoons, and then drill cocoons and feathers into moths. It has been found that this kind of cocoon shell can be soaked, and long silver thread can be drawn, twisted into thread or woven into silk. This is much better than flax and pueraria raw materials at that time. With the settlement of ancestors' life, in order to get more cocoons, people began to raise them artificially and moved indoors for domestication. Silkworm (BombyxmoriL. ), also known as silkworm, belongs to the family Bombycidae. It is a species created by B.madarinaMoore through long-term rearing by our ancestors, and it is a great achievement of human beings in transforming nature. Silkworm is a completely metamorphosed insect, which goes through four stages: egg (silkworm egg), larva (silkworm), pupa and adult (moth). In the process of sericulture for thousands of years, people have learned about the living habits of silkworms and the sericulture technology has been continuously improved. In the long years, people choose individuals with more spinning and big cocoons as seeds through selection, and use the principle of hybridization to combine different traits into the same individual and breed new types. In this way, there are hundreds of varieties with different colors, postures and stripes. Changing the transformation of silkworm eggs by cold storage (the number of generations of insects in a year is called transformation) is a great discovery of sericulture working people in ancient China. They seal silkworm eggs in cans, and then store them in cold spring water or under the shade of tall trees, so as to raise silkworm eggs in winter. If not, it is impossible to raise silkworms many times a year. Now people have mastered the relationship between insect hormones and developmental abnormalities, and can artificially regulate the development of silkworm. In order to make silkworms spin more silk, it is necessary to seize the fifth instar stage when silkworms produce silk fibroin and sericin, and spray juvenile hormone evenly on silkworms, so as to prolong the growth period of silkworms, eat more mulberry leaves and produce more silk. If there was a shortage of mulberry leaves, the spread of epidemic diseases or the shortage of labor force at that time, silkworms needed to pupate ahead of time. We could spray mulberry leaves with ecdysone to feed the fourth instar larvae, which could shorten the growth period and cocoon ahead of time. In addition, artificial feed can be used instead of natural feed to increase the number of silkworms. Besides silkworms, there are tussah, camphor, dead and wild silkworms in China. Tussah (Antheraea pernyi i guren-meneville) belongs to the family Antheraceae, and is native to Laizhou (Yexian), Shandong Province. It is a silk-producing insect second only to silkworm in China, and now it exists in Liaoning, Henan and other provinces in large quantities. Tussah was first seen in Erya (BC 1200). Tussah silk was used as a tribute to the emperor 2700 years ago. Officially popularized in Han Dynasty, it was introduced and popularized in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and distributed in many provinces of China. Its main forage tree species are various leaves of Quercus. EriogynapyretorumWestwood belongs to the family Bombycidae, which is native to Guangdong and Guangxi. It feeds on camphor leaves and maple leaves. Its silk has been used by people for thousands of years, and it was recorded around 885 AD. Its silk is the first-class raw material for textile. In ancient times, camphor tree silk was soaked in vinegar and pulled into bowstring, which was very powerful. Now it is used as fishing line and medical suture outlet. Silkworm (Philosamia Cynthiawalkerefelder) belongs to the family Bombycidae, and its feeding history is unknown. There are small-scale aquaculture in Shandong province, and the feed is tallow and Ailanthus altissima. There are combing silkworms in the south. The wild silkworm (Anthracea ayamanaguin-Meneville) also belongs to the family Bombycidae, which is distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces from northeast to southwest in China. The hosts are all kinds of oak trees (a kind of medium and large trees) and oak trees. Because natural silk has unique properties, its luster is colorful and it is the raw material of noble decorations. Its international commodity value is dozens of times that of mulberry silk, and it is known as green gold and diamond fiber. China has been used since the Tang Dynasty, about 1300 years ago. Artificial propagation began at least in17th century and was exported to foreign countries about 100 years ago. (2) Myth of the Origin of Silkworm Training It is a fact that the unknown working people in ancient China mastered the laws of nature and applied them to practice, but after all, the history is too long to trace its earliest origin, so there are various legends and myths. One of the legends is that sericulture was invented by Lei Zu, the concubine of the Yellow Emperor. Lei Zu, the daughter of Xiling family, was originally the princess of the emperor in the mirror. At first, she taught the people to raise silkworms, and later generations sacrificed silkworms first. This statement is more common. Before liberation, the Silkworm Temple also provided the Xiling home for the first silkworm. In addition, there is a myth of looking for gods. According to legend, there were two fathers and daughters in ancient times. Father went out to work, leaving only his daughter and a horse at home. Daughter raises horses by herself. Because of poverty and loneliness, she missed her father who worked outside the home, so she joked to Ma, If you can take my father back, I will marry you. Hearing this, the horse broke free from the reins and went straight to his father's work. Father was very surprised when he saw the horse, so he took it away and rode it. The horse looked at the direction and groaned. When my dad saw it, he guessed that something had happened at home and rode home. Animals are very caring, so their fathers feed them more carefully. But the horse refused to eat, and every time he saw his daughter coming in and out, he would beat his hoof with anger. The father felt strange and asked his daughter quietly. Daughter has to tell the truth. Father thought it was an insult to his family, so he shot the horse with an arrow, skinned it and dried it in the yard. Father is out again. The daughter and the girlfriend next door came to Mapi and laughed at Mapi, saying, Why do you want to marry a woman like an animal? Why recruit such a fatal disaster! The words sound just fell and Ma Pi suddenly flew up and swept her daughter away. The girlfriend next door was too scared to save her, so she had to tell her father. When my father came back, he couldn't find it anywhere. A few days later, they were found on a big branch. My daughter and horse skin become silkworms at the same time, living in trees with thick cocoons. Neighbors take it to raise it. Because the tree is a mulberry, and because the mulberry is homophonic with mourning, it is named silkworm, which is widely raised by ordinary people and is today's silkworm. (3) The development of silk industry According to literature records and cultural relics research, our ancestors began to plant mulberry and raise silkworms as early as the Neolithic Age more than 5,000 years ago. The utilization of silk began at the end of the fishing and hunting era, and sericulture began at the beginning of the agricultural era, that is, the Yellow Emperor era. In the Zhou dynasty (BC 1066 ~ 256), sericulture became specialized and was managed by official inspectors. By the Warring States period (476 ~ 22 BC1), silk had reached a high level of development and became the daily clothing of the poor and the material of free trade. During the Warring States Period, many silk fabrics were unearthed in China, including Luo, Ling, Wan, Yarn, Crepe, Qi, Brocade, Embroidery and other products, and their patterns and colors reached an amazing level. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960 ~ 1368), silk production and silk weaving reached another peak, and the annual output of silk in the Song Dynasty reached 3.4 million. The rulers attached equal importance to silk industry and agriculture. There are often records of agriculture and mulberry simultaneously in ancient books in China. The idiom "woman is not a silkworm, or is cold" reflects the ancient people's high understanding of sericulture. In ancient China, clothes were distinguished by silk and cotton and linen. Officials and the rich are proud of their clothes, so the idiom "returning home with clothes" came into being. Working people wear cotton and linen. Before the Tang dynasty (6 18 ~ 907), silk and grain were paid by the people, and the imperial court or government used silk as a reward for meritorious subjects. Nowadays, Tibetans and Mongolians all use silk (Hada) to express their respect and congratulations in welcoming guests, giving gifts, worshipping gods and daily communication etiquette. The development and popularization of the silk industry has also affected China's cultural life. Idioms, in addition to many beautiful poems describing picking mulberry and raising silkworms, are used to show that people bind themselves, and also show that people hope to be beneficial to themselves, but they lose out. In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi had a candle moth that saved him, and the cocoon wrapped itself. ; Buddhism in the Song Dynasty once heard of law enforcement meditation, such as silkworm spinning silk and self-discipline. This poem. Because silkworms only eat mulberry leaves all their lives and spit out its soft, smooth and white silk when they are old, the poems they weave with spring silkworms until their death are used to praise people who have dedication. The development of ancient silk in China promoted foreign trade and cultural exchange. As early as 1 1 century, silkworm eggs and sericulture technology were introduced to Korea, Japan in the 2nd century BC, Turkey, Egypt, Arabia and Mediterranean countries in the 6th century ... sericulture technology was introduced to Europe in the 6th century, so silk represents an ancient oriental civilization and plays a very important role in cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Silk is a popular commodity. It and sericulture technology spread westward through the Silk Road, passing through grasslands, deserts, oases and mountains and rivers, and a number of famous towns such as Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Dunhuang, Qiuci and Qin Shu emerged along the way. From the third year of Jianyuan (BC 138) to the third year of Yuanshuo (BC 126), Zhang Qian set out from the west of China and visited some countries west of Pamirs, and established contacts. Silk is an important product of China. Therefore, the ancient West called Chang 'an the Silk City and China the Silk Country. There is also a Silk Road in the south, which reaches Myanmar and India via Chengdu and Baoshan. On the eastern coast, ports such as Xuwen (Guangdong), Hepu (Guangxi), Penglai (Shandong) and Ningbo (Zhejiang) lead to Pacific islands and regions. At present, there are sericulture in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, Oceania and many countries and regions, with an annual output of about 8 million tons of cocoons and 50,000 tons of silk. China ranks first in the world in cocoon production and silk production. Sericulture is distributed in all provinces, cities and autonomous regions except Qinghai, Tibet and Ningxia. Farmers in Zhejiang have always called this kind of insect, which has made great contributions to mankind, silkworm baby. The silk it spits out has the light of pearls. Even with the rapid development of chemical fibers today, silk products are still known as the queen of fibers, and some characteristics of their fabrics are beyond the reach of other fibers. With the development of society and the improvement of living standards, sericulture has a very bright prospect.