The origin of Tiananmen Square in Beijing

Tiananmen was built in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1417). Its original name was "Chengtianmen", which means "to inherit the destiny of heaven" and "to receive orders from heaven". Outside the square, there are civilian offices on the left and military attache offices on the right, fully demonstrating the grand momentum of centralized power. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), it was renamed "Tiananmen", which means "mandated by heaven" and "another country and people".

In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), the founder of the Yuan Dynasty issued an edict to make Yanjing the central capital. In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the central capital was changed to the capital. The construction of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty began in the fourth year of Zhiyuan (1267) and was completed in the 22nd year of Zhiyuan (1285), which lasted 18 years. From the inside to the outside, the capital city is divided into palace city, imperial city and big city.

In the first year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1368), the Ming Dynasty was established. Ming general Xu Da led the army to conquer the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and changed its name to Peking.

In the first month of the first year of Yongle (1403), King Zhu Di of Yan renamed Peiping Beijing, temporarily calling it "Xingzai" (the capital of the emperor when he was away). After taking office, he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.

In the fifteenth year of Yongle's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1417), skilled craftsmen from all over the country were recruited to begin the large-scale reconstruction of Beijing. At that time, Kuai Xiang, a native of Xiangshan, Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, was ordered to design and build the palace, and was responsible for the design and organization of the construction of Chengtian Gate. Extended information

In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. At this time, the city of Beijing, like the Qing government, was in turmoil. Tiananmen Square was also slightly dilapidated due to the lack of effective care.

By 1915, the Qing Dynasty had become history. The Republic of China and the Qing royal family reached an agreement that the Forbidden City was still the private property of the royal family, so the front of Tiananmen Gate was also closed.

By 1928, at this time, the National Revolutionary Army had just ended its Northern Expedition, conquering the forces of the Zhili and Feng cliques along the way, and finally captured Beijing in this year and drove Zhang Zuolin back outside Shanhaiguan. . There is no doubt that Chiang, who became the new leader of China, also hung his own portrait on Tiananmen Square.

With the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Beijing also became an occupied area, and the symbolic Tiananmen Square was also decorated with slogans and flags by the puppet regime.

However, with the founding of New China in 1949, Tiananmen finally returned to the hands of the people. The portrait at this time was different from the one we were familiar with later. It still looked like Chairman Mao during the Yan'an period.

The Tiananmen Square since then has witnessed the ups and downs of China's development. By 1980, at the beginning of reform and opening up, the Tiananmen Square had the appearance we are familiar with today.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tiananmen