What dialect was Tangshan Shadow Play adapted from?

Based on Laoting dialect, Tangshan shadow play is good at singing and has a unique style.

There are two main types of manipulation actors in Tangshan shadow play, namely "online" and "offline". There are three poles that dominate the action of the shadow man, which are called "main pole" and "hand pole" respectively. Tangshan shadow play usually has five kinds of division of labor: taking, posting, acting, pulling and singing, which is called "seven busy and eight idle"

There are at least 500 shadow play scripts in Tangshan, also called "shadow volumes". Among them, Liantaiben 130 is more, and there are many single plays. Plays include Five Fronts Meeting, Two Plums, Qingyun Sword and so on.

The literary structure of traditional shadow play is that there are "poems" on the stage and "rights" under the stage. Its metrical patterns are commonly used in seven words, cross brocade, three driving seven, five-word fu, hard dispersion, big Phnom Penh and small Phnom Penh. The structure of these lyrics is based on dual upper and lower sentences, and each lyric is generally composed of several pairs of upper and lower sentences with the same rhyme.

The basic board types are big board, two-character board, three-character board, scattered board, flat singing, coloratura, desolate tone, sad tone, drifting tone, returning tone, and various stresses named after special sentence patterns.

The formation process of Laoting dialect;

Laoting was once ruled by several large ethnic minorities in history, namely, Qidan in Liao Dynasty and Qidan in Jin Dynasty. Jurchen, Mongolian in Yuan Dynasty, Manchu in Qing Dynasty (also called Jurchen before). No matter which nationality rules, Han nationality is still the dominant nationality, and Chinese has always been a part of Laoting cultural heritage. It is impossible for the cultural language of ethnic minorities to assimilate the cultural language of Han nationality.

Cui Youwen, Manchu, loves folk art and supports artists all the year round. He has set up Shadow Play Club, Bangzi Club and Lotus Club, and many drummers are singing in Cui's house. This example is enough to show that Manchu is finally sinicized. However, it cannot be said that ethnic minorities have no influence on the Han nationality at all. There must be some minority languages in Laoting dialect, but not too many.

Liao, Jin and Yuan ruled Laoting 100 years. These ethnic minorities live with the Han nationality, and there is no doubt that they will integrate and learn from each other in their cultural life and dialects. The origin of Yucheng is related to Yan Na Zhan, a famous soldier in the early Yuan Dynasty. "Yan Na Stretch" is a transliteration of Mongolian, "Yan Na" means an official, and "Stretch" is its name, namely Taghachar.

After Yuan soldiers occupied Jinzhongdu (now Beijing), they appointed him as the judge of Yannan County. During this period, he was active in North China. He once guarded the south of Luanhe River, dug the Tianjin River and built a earthen city to collect grain and grass. What's the name of the tucheng he built? City. This example can prove that Laoting dialect is more or less influenced by minority languages.

The war at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty caused the population of Laoting to drop sharply, and the fields were barren. During the period from Hongwu to Yongle, people from six states behind the mountain (south-central Shanxi) and a few southerners immigrated to Laoting. They settled down in Laoting, cultivated the land, lived with the aborigines here and merged with each other. Most of the villages in Laoting were established at that time. So Laoting dialect is mixed with a large number of Shanxi dialects and a small number of southern languages.

With the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, some flag bearers and Han Chinese entered the Laoting with Wu Sangui soldiers, where they took root and thrived. Some Manchu royalty and meritorious soldiers were enfeoffed to Laoting, such as Cui Family, which was called "the largest manor in JD.COM". COM”。 The arrival of these people injected new blood into Laoting dialect.

During the Republic of China, with the popularization of vernacular Chinese, the increase of Laoting people's foreign activities and the development of Laoting culture, Laoting dialect absorbed a little written language, Beijing dialect, Baoding dialect, Cangzhou dialect, Tianjin dialect and Northeast dialect. No wonder some people say that Laoting dialect is like Dongbei dialect and Baoding dialect, and some words are like Beijing dialect.

The formation of dialects is inseparable from external conditions such as political environment, economic conditions and regional characteristics. Ancient Laoting was located along the coast, with inconvenient transportation and little communication, and the small-scale peasant economy was dominant. In this environment, the basic framework of Laoting dialect with regional characteristics and Chinese culture as the main body has been gradually constructed.

Since modern times, the rule of ethnic minorities, the influx of immigrants and the increase of foreign exchanges have added many new things to this framework. After a long period of mutual integration and collision, the unique Laoting dialect has gradually formed.