Concept, key technology and case analysis of green building?

The green of green building does not refer to the three-dimensional greening and green roof garden in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol, which refers to a building that is harmless to the environment, can make full use of environmental natural resources, and does not destroy the basic ecological balance of the environment. It can also be called sustainable development building, ecological building, returning to nature building, energy-saving and environmental protection building, etc.

Green building is a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and lives in harmony with nature.

conservation of energy

Solar photothermal system

Solar heating uses solar energy to convert into heat energy, collects the heat of sunlight through heat collection equipment, then introduces the heat into the heat exchange center through the heat conduction circulation system, and then introduces hot water into the floor heating system, and controls the indoor water temperature through the electric control instrument. In rainy and snowy weather, the system automatically switches to gas boiler for auxiliary heating, which perfectly realizes solar energy heating in winter. In spring, summer and autumn, a large number of free hot water can be generated by using solar heat collection devices.

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Solar photovoltaic system

Ground source heat pump system

Principle: Taking rock and soil as cold and heat sources, the heating and air conditioning system consists of water source heat pump unit, underground pipe heat exchange system and building system. The technology tends to be mature, and the key point is to solve the problem of cold and heat balance.

Capillary three-dimensional radiant heating and cooling system

In winter, low-temperature hot water flows in the capillary and radiates heat evenly and softly to the room; In summer, high-temperature cold water flows in the capillary, radiating cold energy evenly and softly to the room. Because of the large heat exchange area of capillary pad, the heat transfer speed is fast and the heat transfer efficiency is higher

Air conditioning system with independent temperature and humidity control

Independent treatment of temperature and humidity can realize accurate control, high treatment efficiency and low energy consumption.

Natural lighting with light pipe

application area

1. Home lighting, villas and garages;

2. Large shopping malls, hospitals and nursing homes;

3. Factory buildings, warehouses, office buildings and conference rooms;

4. School classrooms, museums and stadiums;

5. Lighting in dangerous places and basement lighting;

6. Aquaculture and scientific research.

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Intelligent lighting system

natural ventilation

External protective structure

Wall energy saving

Wall energy-saving technologies are divided into composite wall energy-saving and single wall energy-saving.

Energy saving of composite wall refers to adding one or more layers of composite insulation materials to the main structure of the wall to improve the thermal performance of the whole wall. According to the location of the composite material and the main structure, it can be divided into internal insulation technology, external insulation technology and interlayer insulation technology.

-single wall energy saving refers to the energy saving effect of the wall by improving the thermal performance of the main structural material itself. At present, aerated concrete, perforated brick or hollow block in common wall materials can be used as single energy-saving walls.

Window energy saving

Energy-saving technology of windows mainly includes three aspects: reducing penetration, reducing heat transfer and reducing solar radiation energy.

Roof energy saving

A building with a roof garden is not necessarily a green building, but a roof garden is one of the elements of a green building.

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Please?Save?Water

Recycling of rainwater and sewage

Use of water-saving appliances

Save materials and land

nodal wood

(1) The building materials are purchased locally, and at least 20% (by value) of the building materials are produced within 500 kilometers of the construction site.

(2) Use durable building materials, such as high-strength steel, high-performance concrete and high-performance concrete additives.

(3) Comprehensive utilization of construction waste. Recyclable materials (by value) account for 65,438+00% of the total construction materials.

(4) On the premise of ensuring performance, give priority to the use of building materials produced by industrial or domestic wastes.

(5) Use functional decoration materials that can improve indoor air quality.

(6) Structural construction and decoration works should be completed at one time to avoid repeated decoration and waste of materials.

Save land

(1) The site selection of the construction site is not threatened by floods, mudslides and radon-containing soil, and there are no hazards such as electromagnetic radiation, fire, explosion and toxic substances within the safety scope of the construction site.

(2) The layout of residential buildings should meet the requirements of indoor and outdoor sunshine environment, lighting and ventilation, and meet the requirements of sunshine standard of residential buildings in Code for Planning and Design of Urban Residential Areas (GB 50 180).

(3) Greening and planting native plants adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, and selecting plants with less maintenance, strong weather resistance, less pests and diseases, and no harm to human body.

(4) The rate of green space in residential areas is not less than 30%, and the per capita green space is 1-2 m2/ person.

Brief case analysis

Beijing Olympic village

1) adopts a solar hot water system integrated with the building.

The system includes: heat collection system, heat storage system, heat exchange system and domestic hot water system.

During the Olympic Games, it can provide 16800 athletes with hot bath water preheating; After the Olympic Games, it will supply the domestic hot water demand of nearly 2,000 families in the whole region.

2) The Olympic Village will use the secondary effluent from Qinghe Sewage Treatment Plant to build a reclaimed water source heat pump system to extract the temperature of reclaimed water and provide heating and cooling for the Olympic Village in winter and summer.

3) Combination of landscape and water treatment greenhouse. In the solar greenhouse, a food chain of plants and microorganisms is formed to treat domestic sewage and realize the utilization of reclaimed water.

4) Reusable materials, such as wood plastic, building materials made of steel slag bricks and crop straws, cement fiber composite manhole covers, etc. Be used rationally to save resources.

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5) Some buildings in the Olympic Village need to be demolished after the Games, and most of them are made of non-toxic, tasteless and pollution-free materials, which can be recycled after demolition, effectively saving resources and controlling environmental pollution.

World Expo venues

China Pavilion: Green Landmark

Challenge: Adjust the room temperature

Response: Self-shading system, semi-outdoor glass corridor

The shape of the China National Pavilion is layered, which forms a natural sunshade at the lower level in summer. The corridor outside the regional museum is a semi-outdoor glass corridor, which adopts passive energy-saving technology, thermal insulation in winter and ventilation in summer. The roof of the China Pavilion Garden, a regional pavilion, will also adopt eco-agricultural landscape and other technical measures to effectively achieve thermal insulation.

Challenge: Reduce emissions and consumption

Countermeasures: energy-saving lighting system and ice-making technology

China National Pavilion strives to realize the emission reduction and consumption reduction of the single building itself at the architectural form design level. On the technical level of building skin, the possibility of application of new environmental and energy technologies is fully considered. For example, all windows are low-energy double glazing. The application of ice-making technology in China Pavilion will greatly reduce the power load, and the energy-saving system of the building will reduce the energy consumption by more than 25% compared with the traditional mode.

Challenge: circular self-cleaning

Countermeasures: rainwater collection system, constructed wetland technology

At the landscape design level, the elements of recycling and self-cleaning are added. The rainwater collection system designed on the roof of the National Pavilion can realize the recycling of rainwater, and use natural rainwater for greening irrigation and road washing. The small-scale constructed wetland technology is introduced into the large-step water landscape on the south side of the regional pavilion and the garden design on the south side, and the self-purification ability of the constructed wetland is utilized to provide ecological landscape for the local environment of the city without occupying a lot of land.

Challenge: energy saving and environmental protection

Coping: ventilation performance, solar energy technology

China Pavilion not only has good ventilation performance, but also adopts many solar energy technologies. Solar cells will be installed on the top and exterior wall of the China Pavilion to ensure a strong energy supply, which is expected to make the China Pavilion completely self-sufficient in lighting power.

Expo Axis: Let the sunshine pour into the earth.

Sunshine Valley Effect Map of Expo Axis

Expo Axis is a bold attempt of Shanghai World Expo in green building. In addition to great breakthroughs in architectural modeling and transportation functions, the Expo Axis also contains many advanced ecological technologies, so it cannot be regarded as a simple transportation hub.

Challenge: Green Underground Space

Response: Sunshine Valley and Sinking Garden

The impression of underground space is mostly dark and dreary, and the Sunshine Valley along the Expo axis solves this problem. Six huge cone-shaped sunshine valleys are distributed at the entrance and middle of the Expo axis, and their unique shapes can help sunlight naturally tilt to the ground, which not only helps to improve air quality, but also saves energy consumption caused by artificial lighting.

Challenge: Adjust the room temperature

Response: river water source and ground source heat pump

The Expo axis shows the pleasant characteristics of warm winter and cool summer through ecological technology. The design skillfully uses the pile foundation and the bottom plate under this huge public passage to lay a 700-kilometer-long pipeline to form a ground source heat pump. Ground-source heat pump is an efficient and energy-saving air conditioning system using shallow underground geothermal resources, which can provide both heating and cooling. For example, taking advantage of the fact that the Expo axis is close to the Huangpu River, Huangpu River water is introduced as a cold and heat source, and ecological green energy-saving technology is used to create a comfortable and pleasant indoor environment. 5/6 Home Page Previous Page 3456 Next Page Last Page

Challenge: circular self-cleaning

Response: Round glass curtain wall

Similar to the concept of rainwater collection in other venues, each sunshine valley is shaped like a round glass curtain wall with a wide-mouth vase, which can not only form a good perspective effect, but also be used for rainwater collection. A large amount of rainwater is stored in the basement, which can be filtered layer by layer, not only for personal use, but also for irrigation and cleaning other surrounding sites.

Theme Pavilion: Science and Technology Nova

The design of the theme pavilion not only highlights the characteristics of Shanghai's urban texture, the memory space of urban life and the intoxicating image of Shanghai, but also considers various architectural elements such as insulation of external walls and roofs, roof ventilation and lighting.

Challenge: Energy-saving power generation

Response: solar roof

Solar panels are laid on the roof of the theme pavilion in a large area, and the grid-connected power generation operation mode is adopted to transmit solar energy back to the urban power grid. The solar panel covers an area of 30,000 square meters, and the annual power generation can reach 2.5 million kWh, reducing the annual carbon dioxide emission by about 2,500 tons.

Challenge: Adjust the room temperature

Response: Ecological Green Wall

Vertical ecological greening walls are set on the east and west facades of the theme pavilion, covering an area of 5,000 square meters, which is the largest ecological wall in the world at present. In summer, the green thermal insulation external wall can be used to block radiation, reduce the air temperature near the surface of the external wall and reduce conduction; Winter will not affect the solar radiation heat of the wall, but also form an insulation layer, reduce the wind speed and prolong the service life of the external wall.

Expo Center: A Green Building Full of Wisdom

Green, energy saving and environmental protection are the purposes of the architectural design of the Green Expo Center. Designers control energy, water consumption, indoor air quality and the use of renewable materials through simple and effective technical means, making the Expo Center a green building full of wisdom.

Challenge: Save water.

Countermeasures: rainwater collection system

The rainwater on the roof will be collected for road washing and greening irrigation, and will be stored and reinjected through green spaces, sidewalks, squares, parking lots, etc. So as to make full use of water resources.

Challenge: save energy

Response: natural lighting, sunshade system, low-temperature air supply system, ice storage system, etc.

Natural lighting is the most economical and effective way to save energy, and reasonable design makes most functional spaces get good natural lighting. Building external wall is equipped with sunshade system, which can block some direct sunlight in hot summer and reduce excessive heat entering the room, thus reducing energy consumption and creating a comfortable indoor environment. In addition, the design of low-temperature air supply system and ice storage system reduces the energy consumption of air conditioning operation, ensures the indoor air quality and achieves the purpose of energy saving.

Challenge: environmental protection

Response: building materials with little pollution and advanced curtain wall system.

The Expo center is made of all-steel structure, which has the advantages of fast construction, low energy consumption and little pollution to the surrounding area. Building materials are also very particular, so we choose to use new environmental protection and energy-saving materials. The exterior wall of the building adopts different forms of composite curtain walls, such as glass combined with aluminum plate, ceramic plate and stone, and the use of new generation products such as breathing glass curtain wall system (also known as double-layer curtain wall or hot aisle curtain wall) and low-radiation insulating glass meets people's pursuit of indoor sunshine and fresh air.

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