Is blood donation harmful?

Voluntary blood donation refers to the behavior that unpaid blood donors do not receive nutrition fees, various subsidies and other remuneration in blood collection and supply institutions and their work units. As for the distribution of some drinks, snacks and souvenirs, it does not belong to the above scope. Since 1970s, China has implemented the system of citizens' free blood donation and nutrition fee, and advocated citizens' voluntary blood donation. Therefore, there is a difference between unpaid blood donation charged by blood collection and supply institutions and unpaid blood donation without charging nutrition fees.

What is blood?

Blood is called "the river of life". She delivers oxygen and nutrients to all tissues and organs of the body; At the same time, waste and carbon dioxide produced by various tissues and organs are exported to the body. This is the metabolism in life.

After anticoagulation and centrifugation, blood can be divided into two parts: tangible and intangible. Tangible components account for about 45% of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and 66% of tangible components are water. The intangible components in blood account for about 55%, including protein, inorganic salts and sugars, and 99% of the intangible components are water.

Will blood donation affect health?

According to scientific determination, the total blood volume of an adult is equivalent to about 8% of his body weight, that is, a person weighing 50 kilograms has a total blood volume of 4000 ml. Donate 200 ml of blood each time, accounting for only about 5% of the whole body blood; Only 80% of the blood in the human body circulates in the whole body, and 20% (about 800 ml) of blood is stored in small blood banks such as liver, spleen and skin for later use. After donating blood, these stored blood will be released into the blood circulation soon. In addition, the speed of bone marrow hematopoiesis will be accelerated after blood donation. Therefore, donating blood according to regulations will not affect health.

What should I pay attention to before and after donating blood?

Eat some light food (such as porridge, steamed bread, fruit, etc.). Don't be high in protein (such as milk, eggs, etc.) before donating blood. ) and greasy food to avoid "fatty blood". "Fat blood" is not conducive to infusion for patients. Keep the needle eye clean after blood donation, and it is not easy to do strenuous exercise within 2-3 days.

Who is not easy to donate blood?

1. Suffering from infectious diseases or carrying infectious disease pathogens, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, AIDS, syphilis, malaria, etc.

2. High-risk groups susceptible to AIDS;

3. Suffering from malignant tumor, leukemia, or other diseases that doctors think are not easy to donate blood (please consult the doctor in charge of physical examination in the designated blood collection and supply institution or medical institution for details).

What are the rules for unpaid blood donors to use blood?

One: three months after the date of blood donation is the date of starting to use blood. If blood is used within four years based on this date, it can be used at three times the amount of blood donated, and the fees for collection, storage, physical examination and separation are exempted.

Two: if the blood has been used for more than four years or three months, the blood will be used in the same amount according to the amount of blood donated, and the collection, storage, physical examination and separation fees will be exempted.

Three: those who donate blood for free 1 1,000 ml or more can enjoy unlimited blood use for life, free of collection, storage, physical examination, separation and other expenses.

What do foreign leaders know about blood donation?

Many foreign heads of state attach great importance to their image among the people, and take part in blood donation activities as a concrete manifestation of people's sufferings and service. For example, Philippine President General Ramos, no matter how busy the government and military affairs are, goes to the central blood station to donate blood 1-2 times a year. 1In March 1997, President Ramos donated blood for the fourth time1time to celebrate his 69th birthday. Other heads of state who took the lead in donating blood are:

King Mahendra and Princess of Nepal;

Emperor Akihito and Princess of Japan;

King Hussein of Jordan;

Nicaraguan President Ortega;

Former Philippine President Max;

Senegalese President Diouf and his wife.

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Introduction of blood donation abroad

How to carry out voluntary blood donation abroad? During the period of 1948, the International Red Cross asked all countries in the world that blood should be donated free of charge and used free of charge. 1975 the world health organization passed a resolution urging member States to accelerate the development of voluntary blood donation.

At present, many countries in the world have realized that all or most of the blood for medical use comes from unpaid blood donation. Such as the economically developed United States and Japan. Canada, Germany, Australia, and economically underdeveloped Algeria, Tanzania, Nepal, Myanmar, etc. , have implemented the system of voluntary blood donation.

All countries in the world attach great importance to the significance of voluntary blood donation and the publicity and education of blood physiological knowledge. In Japan, France, Germany and other countries, posters, slogans and slogans calling on people to participate in blood donation can be seen everywhere. Brochures about blood donation can be obtained free of charge at blood stations or the Red Cross. Blood donation commemorative stamps have become an important way to publicize blood donation, and nearly 65,438+000 commemorative stamps related to blood donation have been issued in more than 30 countries around the world. There is a blood donation billboard in the downtown area of this city. The good deeds of blood donation are often reported by TV stations, radio stations and newspapers, and blood donation without compensation has become a good social atmosphere.

Many countries attach great importance to educating teenagers about blood donation. In Japan, parents are allowed to take their children to blood stations, and children watch while parents donate blood. In Australia and other countries, blood donation knowledge courses are offered in primary and secondary schools. The school regularly shows students around the blood collection points in the blood center, so that students can understand the whole process of blood donation and understand that blood donation is everyone's social obligation, and blood donation does not affect their health. When they grow up, they will become a voluntary and glorious blood donor.

Many heads of government and state took the lead in donating blood. Bangladeshi President Arsad, Nicaraguan President Ortega, King Hussein of Jordan, Austrian Prime Minister Vranicki and Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro all participated in blood donation. Emperor Akihito of Japan donated blood 15 times at the age of 56 in l989, and continued to participate in blood donation. Nepalese King Mahendra and Prime Minister Kanpa Bista took the lead in donating blood many times. Senegalese President Diouf and his wife Elizabeth both donated blood. These leaders personally participated in blood donation, which greatly promoted the development of blood donation in various countries. Under the impetus of King Mahendra, the Kingdom of Nepal implemented the blood donation system in 1982.

In many countries, citizens eat a few snacks and have a drink after donating blood, and then go to their jobs without any reward. People regard blood donation as the obligation of healthy people to society, which is very common and universal.

What are the regulations on the age of blood donation in various countries?

Country name

Age of blood donation

Country name

Age of blood donation

Country name

Age of blood donation

Ruishi

18-60 years old

British state

18-65 years old

Nepal

15-55 years old

United States of America

17-65 years old

Riben

13-65 years old

China

18-55 years old

Canada

18-65 years old

New Zealand

16-65 years old

What is the amount of blood donation in some countries and regions at a time?

Country name

Blood donation at one time (ml)

Country name

One-time donation (ml)

Country name

Blood donation at one time (ml)

China

200—400

France

400—450

Germany

450—500

Australia

430

British state

450

Algeria

500

Belgium

385

United States of America

450

Malaysia

300—450

Riben

celebrity

Denmark

500

Hong Kong

340—420

Ruishi

450

Sweden

450

Republic of Korea

320

Finland

400—450

Canada

450

the Netherlands

450—500

Blood donation and health

1. Will blood donation make people "weakened"? 2. Can repeated blood donation prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

3. Can exchange transfusion therapy treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases? 4. Why can regular blood donation improve hematopoietic function?

5. Can regular blood donation reduce blood lipids? 6. Is the blood quality of students and soldiers qualified?

7. Why do government departments and mental workers donate blood for their own health?

8. Can blood donation prevent heart disease? 9. Why is proper blood donation beneficial to longevity?

10. Does long-term quantitative blood donation affect the bone marrow image? 1 1. Can blood donation lead to anemia?

12. Is there any change in cellular immune function after repeated blood donation? 13, will blood donation reduce the total blood supply to the brain?

14. Is there any change in the brain physiology of long-term blood donors? 15. Does excessive blood donation affect blood donors?

1. Will blood donation make people "weakened"?

No, the total blood volume of a healthy person accounts for about 8% of body weight, and the total blood volume of an adult is about 4000 ~ 5000 ml. Usually, 80% blood circulates in the heart and blood vessels to maintain normal physiological functions; Another 20% of the blood is stored in the liver, spleen and other organs. Once blood loss or strenuous exercise occurs, blood will enter the blood circulation system. A person donating 200 ~ 400 ml of blood at a time only accounts for 5% ~ 10% of the total blood volume, and the blood stored after blood donation will be replenished immediately without reducing the circulating blood volume. Water and inorganic substances lost after blood donation will be replenished within 1 ~ 2 hours; Plasma protein, synthesized by liver, can be supplemented in a day or two; Platelets, autologous cells and red blood cells also quickly recovered to their original levels. Human blood is constantly metabolized, many blood cells are aging and dying all the time, and at the same time, a large number of new cells are produced to maintain the balance of human metabolism. After blood donation, due to the enhancement of hematopoietic function, the lost blood cells were quickly replenished. Therefore, a healthy person who donates blood according to the regulations will not have any influence on his body, let alone "hurt his vitality", but will be beneficial to his body.

2. Can repeated blood donation prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

Of course. Relevant experts compared the average value of hemorheology between 26 repeated blood donors and 22 patients with acute cerebral infarction. The results showed that the whole blood viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen and erythrocyte electrophoresis in repeated blood donation group were significantly lower than normal values, especially hematocrit, suggesting that the blood viscosity in repeated blood donation group decreased. However, the above indexes in patients with acute cerebral infarction are higher than normal, suggesting that patients with cerebral infarction have hyperviscosity. Therefore, repeating a certain amount of blood donation will reduce blood viscosity and have positive significance for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

3. Can exchange transfusion therapy treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

In recent years, many scholars have used isovolemic hemodilution therapy to treat acute cerebral infarction and achieved satisfactory results. This therapy is to extract a certain amount of whole blood and input the same amount of plasma in order to reduce hematocrit and macromolecules in plasma. It is reported that the arterial pressure of 86% hypertensive patients decreased by more than 20% after plasma exchange, and the effect lasted for 3 ~ 10 months.

4. Why can regular blood donation support high hematopoietic function?

Because from the birth of the fetus, bone marrow has become the main hematopoietic organ. With the increase of age, hematopoietic function and hematopoietic rate gradually decreased. After blood donation, due to the decrease of blood cells, it has a feedback effect on bone marrow, promotes the release of mature blood cells stored in bone marrow, stimulates hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow and promotes the production of blood cells. Regular blood donation within the prescribed time limit can keep the bone marrow vigorous.

5. Can regular blood donation reduce blood lipids?

Due to the reduction of physical activity and the improvement of living standards, people have accumulated more and more fat in their bodies. Many people's blood lipids are at a high level for a long time, commonly known as "thick blood". The result of "blood concentration" is that fat adheres to the wall of human blood vessels layer by layer, which eventually leads to arteriosclerosis and decreased vascular elasticity, forming cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Regular blood donation reduces a part of the sticky blood in the body, and then through normal drinking water, the blood volume is filled, the blood is naturally diluted, and the blood lipid will also drop, thus reducing the hidden danger of arteriosclerosis.

6. Is the blood quality of students and soldiers qualified?

Some people say that the canteens for students and soldiers have poor nutrition and poor blood quality. Therefore, we randomly selected 3595 students who donated blood for the first time from 65438 to 0992, 65438 to 0998 to 3358, and * * * to 6953 in the urban area of Jinan for hemoglobin (Hb) detection. As a result, only one student failed from 65438 to 0992.

Blood donors * * * have six blood test indicators, five of which are for virus infection and the other is for hemoglobin. Detection of hemoglobin is to check the content of hemoglobin in human blood and reflect the quality of human blood. Only one hemoglobin of 6953 students is unqualified, which is far better than the normal population, indicating that the nutritional status of students is very good, and the living standard of soldiers is higher than that of students, so they will be more qualified.

7. Why do government departments and mental workers donate blood for their own health?

Due to the long-term lack of physical labor and high living standards, in fact, the blood lipids of many government cadres and mental workers have been in a high state for a long time. You can tell from the physical examination. Many people have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension in their years. Blood donation can prevent cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, because normal drinking water after blood donation dilutes blood and lowers blood lipids. This is not only beneficial to oneself, but also indirectly beneficial to society.

8. Can blood donation prevent heart disease?

Of course. A study by Finnish scientists shows that moderate blood donation has an unexpected effect on preventing heart disease in some healthy adults (especially male adults)! Experts made an experimental investigation on more than 20,000 adults living in eastern Finland, and found that compared with regular blood donors, the incidence of heart disease in those who never donated blood was twice as high. Experts explained that too much iron in human blood will obviously increase the risk of heart disease (compared with people with high iron content in blood, the possibility of heart disease in three years is 1-2 times), and proper blood donation can greatly reduce the iron content in blood. The research results of Margaret, director of the Science Department of the British Nutrition Foundation, also coincide with the above research results. She analyzed that excessive iron and copper in the blood will aggravate the oxidation of fat in the blood, and the oxidation of blood lipids is an important factor leading to heart disease. Finnish doctors launched a "low-iron diet" campaign, demanding low iron content in food. In addition, it is best to donate blood once a year (the amount of blood donation is 400 ml), which is not only beneficial to others, but also beneficial to yourself. It can be called "kill two birds with one stone"!

Nine, why do you say that proper blood donation is conducive to longevity?

Donating blood according to the regulations can promote human metabolism, enhance immunity and disease resistance, stimulate human bone marrow hematopoietic organs, and keep them in the same vigorous hematopoietic state as when they were young, so as to achieve the effect of prolonging life and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis. It is reported that 332 former blood donors over 66 years old were compared with 399 non-blood donors under the same conditions. As a result, the survival rate of former blood donors was significantly higher than that of non-blood donors, and those who donated more blood lived longer.

10. Does long-term quantitative blood donation affect the bone marrow image?

The change of bone marrow image directly affects the quality of blood and the health of blood donors. As a blood donor, how long-term quantitative blood donation affects his bone marrow image is a concern of both medical workers and blood donors. In order to trace the source, from February to June of 1989 121990110, relevant experts investigated 107 blood donors. Among them, there are 55 males and 52 females; 96 Han nationality, 1 1 Hui nationality; Occupations are 7 workers, 90 farmers and citizens 10 respectively. Blood donation interval of 3 months, the amount of blood donation is 300 ml (a few 400 ml). After routine bone marrow preparation and Wright's staining, 500 cells were classified and their mean and standard deviation were calculated. Then compared with the reference value of bone marrow image provided by Institute of Hematology, China Academy of Medical Sciences, it was found that there was no significant difference except for the red blood cell system. That is to say, bone marrow does not affect other hematopoietic systems except compensatory hyperplasia of red blood cell system. This shows that long-term quantitative blood donation has no effect on bone marrow.

1 1. Can blood donation lead to anemia?

No, because blood donation is only a temporary decrease in blood, which will soon return to normal and will not affect the regeneration function of human blood. Anemia is a disease, and people with anemia will be detected by blood donation and physical examination. Such people can't participate in blood donation.

12. Is there any change in cellular immune function after repeated blood donation?

In order to understand the influence of blood donation on human cellular immune function, experts selected 30 people aged 2 1 ~ 49 who donated blood for 3 ~ 2 1 year and donated blood for more than 0/0 times, including men 15, women 15, and 20 people who had never.

Another expert used lymphocyte transformation rate (SI), interleukin -2 (IL-2) and natural killer activity (NK) as immune function indicators, and compared 75 long-term blood donors over 0/kloc with 35 first-time blood donors. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. It shows that after long-term blood donation, these three indexes of cellular immune function have no obvious changes and have no effect on blood quality.

13, will blood donation reduce the total blood supply to the brain?

In order to understand the influence of blood donation on the total blood supply to the brain; Experts randomly selected 80 blood donors (38 males and 42 females, age 18 ~ 50 years old). Among them, 40 people donated blood for the first time, and 20 people donated blood 1 ~ 5 years and 6 ~ 28 years respectively. After passing the physical examination, the blood donation interval is at least 3 months, with an average of 400 ml without blood donation. The blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery before and after blood donation was detected by color transcranial Doppler, and the blood flow velocity of cerebral basilar artery before and after blood donation was compared. The results showed that donating 400 ml of blood would not affect the hemodynamics of basilar artery, nor would it reduce the total blood supply to the brain, no matter whether it was a first-time blood donor or a long-term blood donor, as long as there was no blood donation reaction.

14. Is there any change in the brain physiology of long-term blood donors?

No experts have measured the EEG physiology of 76 long-term (5-20 years) blood donors and 80 first-time blood donors before and after blood donation with brain stem evoked potentials and brain topographic maps. It was found that there was no difference in latency of brainstem evoked potentials between long-term blood donors and first-time blood donors, and there was no change in self-detection immediately after blood donation. Moreover, there is no difference in the frequency intensity of brain topography between long-term blood donors and first-time blood donors. It shows that long-term blood donation and initial blood donation will not affect brain stem function, and blood donation is harmless to itself.

15. Does excessive blood donation affect blood donors?

Yes Experts investigated the hemoglobin, serum ferritin and reticulocyte counts of 57 professional blood sellers who donated more than 5,000 ml a year, and 35 unpaid blood donors served as the control group. The results show that if the relevant regulations are not strictly enforced, excessive donors who donate 40 ml of blood each time and the blood donation interval is less than 4 months will lose a lot of red blood cells, which will lead to the decrease of hemoglobin, which will further stimulate the vigorous hematopoiesis and excessive proliferation of bone marrow, lead to the release of a large number of young red blood cells into the peripheral blood circulation, and lead to the increase of reticulocyte count. The decrease of serum ferritin reflects the recessive iron deficiency anemia, which eventually leads to the slow synthesis of hemoglobin and the formation of small red blood cells. This will inevitably affect the health of blood donors.