Basic knowledge about photography and videography?

1. Aperture. Aperture is the component in the lens that controls the aperture size. The smaller the F value, the larger the aperture, and the smaller the depth of field (stronger background blur). The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, and the larger the depth of field (weak background blur).

TIP1: When using a very small aperture, you can shoot a starburst effect (usually around F16)

TIP2: When using a small aperture, shoot against a white wall or white paper for inspection Is the lens gray?

TIP3: When using a very large aperture, you can blur the foreground debris, such as front barbed wire, fences, etc.

TIP4: When using a large aperture, add a lens in front of the lens. A card with a hole can shoot a light spot of a specific shape

2. Focal length. Super wide angle - focal length below 24mm, suitable for shooting large scenes, buildings, landscapes, and news photography. Humanities eye - 35mm is simply the best focal length for shooting humanities. Standard lens - 50mm, portrait lens - 85mm.

Macro lens - 100mm is the most popular macro lens, telephoto lens - 200/300mm for shooting birds, lotus, sports and other distant scenery, super telephoto - 300mm and above, paparazzi candid photos, wild shots Animals and sports themes.

TIP1: The smaller the value, the smaller the focal length and the wider the field of view

TIP2: The range of 24/28mm-70/85/120mm is a lens for general daily use and has a wide range of applications. !

TIP3: The focal length of the lens is 70-200mm, which is a 2.86x (200/70) zoom lens

TIP4: Equivalent focal length (actual focal length)

< p>Full-frame (multiply 1), APS-C (Nikon, Sony, Pentax, Fuji multiplier 1.5, Canon multiplier 1.6), M4/3 (multiply 2), 1 inch (multiply 2.7), the value marked on the lens is multiplied by the corresponding The multiple is the actual focal length of the shutter. If it is slower than 1/4 second, it is a very slow shutter speed. If it is slower than 1/60 second, it is a slow shutter speed.

If it is faster than 1/250 second , is a high-speed shutter, which is faster than 1/2000 seconds, which is a very high-speed shutter. The B door means that you press and hold the shutter, and the shutter will open as long as you press it. The T door means that you press the shutter once, and the shutter opens, and you press it again. Once the shutter is released, the shutter closes the focus mode, MF—manual focus, AF—auto focus, AF-S—single auto focus,

AF-C—continuous auto focus, AF-A—automatic selection auto Generally speaking, we can use automatic focus. When shooting macro, scenes without color difference, and high-speed sports, manual focus MF focus point is used. Single-point focus is divided into center point focus and free point focus. The center point focus is fixed on the magnifier. In the center,

Single-point focus is generally regarded as free-point focus, and extended focus is only available under continuous focus AF-C. The point you choose is used as the main focus point, and at the same time, a circle around it The focus point also starts to warm up, and when the target moves away from your main focus point, the surrounding focus points keep up. Zone focusing - a small area of ??focus points focus together.

Whichever point is in focus first will be the winner. Note that not a large area is in focus. The combination of AF-S + single-point free-point focusing is recommended for general scenes; AF-C + extended focus metering when shooting sports.

3. Commonly used

Spot metering and evaluation metering (also called matrix metering, multi-metering)

4. Not commonly used

< p>Partial metering Center-weighted average metering

TIP1: As long as the camera is on, metering is always in progress.

TIP2: The purpose of metering is to help you measure the brightness of the metered area, but it has nothing to do with exposure

TIP3: In AUTO mode, the metering will take the photo to 0EV If the midtone (18° gray) is in A level (Av level, aperture priority), S level (Tv level, shutter priority), P level (program exposure), and evaluative metering (matrix metering, multi-metering), Then exposure compensation reflects the brightness of the entire screen.

Principles of correct exposure:

a. Make sure the subject is as bright as we want

b. Make sure there are no dead white or black areas, especially It’s dead white

c. When you are sure to adjust it later, you can appropriately "give up" some parts of the color temperature in the current picture

Color temperature, the unit is K (Kelvin), Imagine a black object that does not emit light—an absolutely black body. When we heat it, as the temperature increases, the absolute black body will first emit red light, then become brighter and brighter, turning into yellow light, then white light, and finally blue light.

The redder the color, the lower the color temperature, the bluer the color, the higher the color temperature.

Red is a warm color, but has a low color temperature; blue is a cool color, but has a high color temperature. White balance

White balance is to restore white objects in different environmental color temperatures to true white.

The camera has four color temperature settings: automatic white balance, K, scene mode, and custom white balance. Automatic white balance.

Extended information:

Techniques:

1. Preparation work before photography

First of all, you need to understand the content of the meeting in advance and conduct an on-site inspection of the venue The size, lighting conditions, location of the guest of honor, your own shooting location, etc., so that you can make a rough draft to determine what you want to shoot. Prepare the necessary camera equipment and fully charge the DV battery the day before the meeting.

2. Introduce the content through the lens

Photograph the content of the meeting. The content of the meeting includes six elements: time, place, people, the beginning, the process and the end of the meeting. This is what we are doing. You need to pay special attention when shooting. Before the meeting starts, you can take some background materials of the meeting, such as the layout outside the venue.

When photographing the time, location, and participants of the meeting, you need to pay attention to:

Time. Generally, cameras have a time recording function. Turn this function on when shooting. If you feel that the time display alone cannot explain the problem, you can also add commentary during post-production.

To determine the location, you can first go outside the venue to take pictures of banners and other promotional slogans, which can express the content of the meeting.

Participants should arrive in advance on the day of the meeting and take photos of important guests signing in. Important guests sometimes go to the VIP room to rest before the meeting. At this time, it is necessary to take pictures of the guests shaking hands and talking.

3. Photography work before the start

Before the meeting starts, first take pictures of the overall layout of the venue (including a panoramic view of the rostrum and a panoramic view of the venue), and then take a photo of the host announcing the start of the meeting .A picture of all participants applauding. When shooting, the picture changes should be slow to highlight the serious atmosphere of the venue.

4. Photography work in progress

Photography work after the meeting starts is very important. The people participating in the meeting should be the key subjects to be photographed. For important speakers, full-body or half-body close-ups should be used, and when shooting, try to keep the camera facing the important speakers. This requires special attention. We also need to film other speakers.

This is not only a respect for the participants, but also to capture the complete meeting. Another thing is to take pictures of the audience listening to the lecture, because only pictures of the speaker will make the conference video record look very empty.

5. Photography work at the end

At the end of the meeting, you should first turn the camera to the podium, and then turn the camera to the audience who stood up to applaud. The panorama has a certain level of grasp. Finally, the participants were photographed at the exit, and the meeting was ended with a "gradient to black" screen change.

After some meetings, there will be an event where the main leaders receive the guests. In this case, you should arrive at the reception event immediately after taking pictures of the last speaker and make preparations for shooting in advance. When taking photos, make sure to capture the image of the guest of honor. The theme of the meeting is clear, the priority of the meeting is clear, and a perfect shooting record is completed.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Photography