What is the safety and epidemic prevention system for healthy breeding of laying hens? What links are included?

The construction of animal epidemic prevention system is the basis of a country's management of animal epidemic prevention work, which is of great significance to national security, economic development and biological safety. It consists of animal epidemic monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, epidemic prevention and quarantine supervision, veterinary drug quality supervision and residue monitoring, as well as epidemic prevention technical support and material support. These subsystems interact to form the whole animal epidemic prevention system.

The safety and epidemic prevention system for healthy breeding of laying hens includes prevention, monitoring, diagnosis, control, extermination and quarantine of epidemic diseases. Organize the supply of epidemic prevention vaccines and other materials and implement epidemic prevention projects; Providing technical guidance and training for animal epidemic prevention personnel; Epidemiological investigation of epidemic diseases, etc. See Figure 6- 1 for the health and safety control system of laying hens.

Figure 6- 1 Health and safety control of laying hens

The prevention and control of diseases must adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention, combining prevention with treatment and giving priority to prevention. Farms should take comprehensive prevention and control measures, starting from all aspects of production, such as site selection, chicken farm layout, equipment installation, chick and feed selection, feeding management, disinfection and isolation, vaccination, drug application and animal health testing, etc., to reduce the occurrence of epidemics. In other words, it is necessary to strengthen comprehensive preventive measures at ordinary times and put out measures when an epidemic occurs.

(1) Implement the all-in and all-out system and establish a good biosafety system. When raising chickens, adult chickens should be raised separately from adult chickens and chicks, and the hatchery must be far away from the chicken farm. It is absolutely forbidden to keep chickens of different ages in a henhouse. It is best to feed them both inside and outside the house, that is, to fill all the henhouses at once or in a short time when entering the chicken house. After raising these chickens, all of them will be eliminated, thoroughly cleaned, rinsed and disinfected, and left empty for 2-4 weeks before introducing new chickens.

(2) Pay attention to the environmental sanitation of the chicken farm. The sanitation of henhouse includes the sanitation of small environment (henhouse) and the sanitation of large environment (production area). Chicken farms should always put environmental sanitation in an important position. The henhouse environment includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, dust, harmful gases and pathogenic microorganisms in the henhouse. These conditional indexes have great influence on the growth and disease resistance of chickens. Chicken farmers should take all measures to create a good environment for chickens and ensure their health.

The site should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, at least once a week. Dig deep into the land if necessary. Don't litter dead chickens, collect them in time and treat them harmlessly. The chicken manure cleared from the henhouse should be transported away in time and can be fermented or dried. The wastewater discharged from the henhouse should also be treated harmlessly.

(3) Strengthen feeding management, improve chicken's physique and enhance chicken's disease resistance. In feeding, first of all, we should satisfy the nutrients needed by the growth and laying of chickens, such as protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins. Different chicken breeds, different growth stages and different seasons have different requirements for various nutrients, which should be adjusted according to the situation.

Trace elements selenium and vitamin E play an important role in chicken immunity, so we should pay attention to ensure the supply.

When chickens have beak cutting, population transfer, immunity and feeding conditions change greatly, chickens will have stress reaction. Under stress, the demand of chickens for vitamins A, K and C increases, so they should be supplemented in time.

(4) Insisting on disinfection is the most important link to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases, and it is also the basis and premise to do a good job in immunization against various diseases. Disinfection should be institutionalized and regular. Not only should all aspects of chicken raising be disinfected, such as gate, production area, henhouse, hatching and brooding, but also chickens should be disinfected, that is, when there are chickens in the henhouse, 0.3% peracetic acid or chlorpyrifos should be used to disinfect chickens, which is of great significance to environmental purification and disease prevention. Disinfection with chickens can not only significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the ground, walls, chickens and air of chicken houses, but also reduce dust and ammonia in the air, and also have a cooling effect in summer.

In order to keep the freshness of disinfectants in the disinfection pool at the entrance of chicken farm and henhouse, all kinds of utensils must be disinfected regularly. The choice of disinfectant must be safe for people and chickens, non-destructive to equipment and non-toxic, and any component of disinfectant will not produce harmful accumulation in meat or eggs.

Disinfect the environment around the henhouse with 2% caustic soda solution or quicklime every 2 ~ 3 weeks; Every 1 ~ 2 months, the sewage pool, cesspit and sewer outlet around the site are disinfected with bleaching powder. Clean the henhouse thoroughly before entering the chicken or transferring to another group, then rinse it with a high-pressure water gun and disinfect it thoroughly.

Disinfect egg boxes, egg trays, food troughs, water dispensers and other appliances regularly. Disinfect with 0. 1% bromogeramine or 0.2% ~ 0.5% peracetic acid, and then fumigate with formalin in a closed room for more than 30 minutes.

(5) Do a good job in immunization and vaccination. Inoculating chickens with vaccines or bacterins to produce specific resistance to an epidemic disease is called immunity. Immunization is an important means to prevent infectious diseases, and chicken farms must do a good job in immunization of various diseases according to the occurrence of this epidemic.

Use drugs in a planned way to prevent chicken diseases. According to the incidence situation in this field, planned administration to chickens of a certain age can prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases. For example, taking tylosin at the age of 1 ~ 5 days to prevent mycoplasma disease; 1 ~ 7 days old, norfloxacin was used to prevent pullorum and colibacillosis in chickens: at the early stage of brooding, anticoccidial drugs were added to the feed to prevent coccidiosis. In order to improve the pertinence of drug use, drug sensitivity test should be done and sensitive drugs should be selected. In order to avoid drug resistance, the type of administration can be changed frequently.

Once the disease occurs, it should be diagnosed in time and effective measures should be taken to control and extinguish the disease. Only when the diagnosis of the disease is made clear can the treatment be targeted and achieve the expected results. If you encounter a complex major epidemic that is difficult to diagnose in this field, you should report it to the local veterinary department in time for help.

(6) Do a good job in disease detection. Any chicken farm must formulate a detailed disease monitoring and control plan that conforms to the relevant provisions of the national animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department, accept the supervision of the local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department, and obtain the approval of the local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department. Farms must provide continuous epidemic monitoring information to local animal husbandry and veterinary authorities and official veterinarians.

Chicken farms should regularly monitor the epidemic of chickens every year. The diseases routinely monitored in chicken farms should at least include Newcastle disease, avian influenza, mycoplasma gallisepticum, Salmonella gallisepticum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella Arizona, infectious bursal disease, Marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, egg drop syndrome and leukemia.

(seven) do a good job in the harmless treatment of chicken farm waste.

In short, only by doing a good job in the prevention and control of chicken diseases can the production of chicken farms be carried out normally. Only by doing a good job in veterinary health and epidemic prevention can chicken diseases be controlled. Veterinary health and epidemic prevention work can not be short-lived, but must be persistently grasped for a long time in order to prevent and control chicken diseases.