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Garbage sorting placard in school canteen
Report content of garbage classification manual (I) 1. What is garbage sorting?
It refers to a series of activities that classify, store, put in and carry garbage according to certain regulations or standards, so as to turn it into public resources. The purpose of classification is to improve the resource value and economic value of garbage and make the best use of it.
Garbage belongs to the public's private articles in the stage of classified storage. After being classified by the public, it becomes a regional quasi-public resource in the community where the public is located. Classified transportation to garbage collection points or transfer stations will become non-exclusive public resources. Judging from the classification methods of domestic garbage in cities at home and abroad, it is generally classified according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage.
2. What are the four types of garbage?
1. Recyclable garbage: mainly includes five categories: waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth.
2. Kitchen waste: It mainly includes kitchen waste, toilet paper (both toilet paper and toilet paper are soluble in water, not counted as recyclable "paper"), kitchen waste bagging, fruit shells and dust.
3. Toxic and hazardous waste: waste containing heavy metals, toxic substances harmful to human health or causing actual or potential harm to the environment. Including batteries, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, mercury thermometers, paint buckets, some household appliances, expired drugs, expired cosmetics and so on. These wastes are usually recycled or landfilled separately.
4. Other garbage: including bricks and tiles, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other wastes, shells, dust, etc. which are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Third, the slogan of garbage classification
1. Cooperate with garbage sorting and strive to be a civilized citizen.
2. Participate in garbage sorting, protect the earth's homeland and create a better world.
3, the environment is a big deal, throwing garbage is a small matter, and big things should start from small things.
4. Recycle waste batteries to create a beautiful home.
5. Garbage sorting is a piece of cake. Turn waste into treasure and beautify home.
6. Develop civilized dining habits and reduce kitchen waste.
7. Your abandonment is my favorite. They found a home here.
8. Actively participate in garbage sorting and create a beautiful community environment.
9. Give the battery a safe home and a clean world for yourself.
10, you need a beautiful environment, and I need your battery.
Report Catalogue of Garbage Classification Manual (II) 1. How to classify garbage?
(1) Recyclable materials: clean newspapers, envelopes, bills, paper packaging boxes and other waste paper, cardboard, beverage paper packaging, plastic bottles and other plastic products, plastic toys, plastic packaging bags, scrap metal, glass, etc. (Glass includes: glass bottle, flat glass, mirror, etc. , but does not include glass containing chemicals and harmful substances, such as light bulbs that cannot be treated. )
(2) Kitchen waste: leftovers, vegetable skins, tea dregs, expired food, raw materials, abandoned plants or pruned flowers and trees, etc. produced in the process of making food. Larger bones such as pig leg bones belong to other rubbish. )
(3) Hazardous wastes: mainly wastes that are harmful to human health or will affect the natural environment. Including: batteries, desk lamps, paint buckets, ink cartridges, selenium drums, cosmetics, expired drugs, pesticides, etc.
(4) Other garbage: daily life garbage except kitchen waste, recyclables and harmful waste, such as garbage bags filled with kitchen waste peels, discarded napkins, carbon paper, receipt paper, diapers, clean lime soil, heavily polluted paper, plastic bags, ceramics, feminine products, disposable tableware, cigarette butts, discarded clothes, carpets, towels, sheets and other fabrics, and discarded packaging bags. And discarded furniture.
Second, the content classification
Domestic garbage is divided into three categories: recyclables, kitchen waste and other garbage, and the corresponding four-color collection containers are blue, green and gray.
Recyclable refers to the items that can be used as raw materials for production after recycling or finishing, mainly including: paper, plastic, glass, metal, fabric, electronic waste and so on.
Kitchen waste is divided into perishable food waste (vegetable leaves, leftovers, animal manure, discarded food, etc.). ) produced in the home and waste (food residue, residual liquid, waste oil, etc. ) by catering service units (restaurants, restaurants, hotels and other catering enterprises and canteens) in food processing, catering services, meals and other activities.
Other garbage refers to garbage other than the above recyclables and kitchen waste, mainly including paper towels, plastic wrap (bags), food bags, packaging bags, melon skins and shells, cigarette butts, etc.
Third, the benefits of garbage sorting.
1. Garbage classification plays an important role in promoting urban planning. Under the reasonable distribution of garbage, the pollution level can be effectively reduced, and it will be fully beneficial to society and enterprises in terms of recycling and remodeling.
2. Reduce land occupation. Some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 60%.
3. Reduce environmental pollution. Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human beings. Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. Therefore, recycling can reduce the harm.
4. Other substances in garbage can also be converted into resources, such as food, vegetation and fabrics, which can be composted to produce organic fertilizer; Garbage incineration can generate electricity, heat or cool; Bricks and lime soil can be processed into building materials and so on. So the garbage mountain can be turned into a golden mountain. All kinds of solid wastes are garbage when mixed together, and resources when separated. If we can fully tap the resource potential contained in recycling domestic garbage, we will get considerable economic benefits.
Report Catalogue of Garbage Classification Manual (III) I. Types of garbage
Kitchen waste: food waste and peels produced in the kitchen.
Mainly include: leftovers, western-style cakes and other food residues, vegetable stems and leaves, animal bones and internal organs, tea residue, fruit residue, fruit shell, melon peel, bonsai and other plant residues, waste edible oil and so on.
Recyclable garbage: garbage with high recycling value that can enter the waste recycling channel.
It mainly includes: unpolluted paper products such as newspapers, leaflets, magazines, used books and cartons. ), metal (iron, copper, aluminum and other products), glass (glass products such as glass bottles and flat glass), plastic products except plastic bags (foam plastics, plastic bottles, hard plastics, etc.). ), rubber and rubber products, Tetra Pak packaging such as milk boxes and beverage bottles.
Harmful waste: Garbage containing toxic and harmful chemicals.
It mainly includes: batteries (storage batteries, button cell, etc. ), waste electronic products, waste light bulbs, expired drugs, expired daily cosmetics, hair dyes, pesticide containers, herbicide containers, waste water silver thermometers, waste paint barrels, waste printer cartridges, toner cartridges, etc.
Other garbage: the general term for all garbage except recyclable garbage, hazardous waste and kitchen waste.
Mainly includes: polluted and non-renewable paper (paper cups, photos, carbon paper, pressure-sensitive paper, receipt paper, postcards, photo albums, toilet paper, diapers, etc. ), contaminated or other non-recyclable glass, plastic bags and other contaminated plastic products, textiles such as waste clothes, worn-out ceramics, feminine hygiene products, disposable tableware, shells, cigarette butts, dust, etc.
Second, the significance of garbage classification
Garbage classification is a reform of traditional garbage collection and disposal methods and a scientific management method for effective garbage disposal. People are facing the situation of increasing garbage output and deteriorating environmental conditions. How to make the best use of garbage resources, reduce the amount of garbage disposal and improve the quality of living environment through garbage classification management is one of the urgent problems that all countries in the world pay attention to.
The reason for the increase of garbage is the improvement of people's living standards and the increase of various consumption. According to statistics, in 1979, China's urban garbage removal capacity was more than 25 million tons, and in 1996, the transportation fee of urban garbage was 1. 16 yuan/ton, which was four times that of 1979. Although the garbage burned at high temperature will not occupy a lot of land, its investment is amazing. Is there nothing we can do about it? There is a way, and that is garbage sorting. Garbage classification is to put garbage into the source, and make garbage become a resource again through sorting, cleaning and recycling.
Contents of the Manual Report on Garbage Classification (IV) 1. The advantages of garbage sorting treatment are as follows
1. Reduce land occupation
Some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 60%.
Reduce pollution
At present, sanitary landfill or even simple landfill is mostly used in garbage disposal in China, occupying tens of thousands of acres of land; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, and sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment.
Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human beings. Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. Therefore, recycling can also reduce the harm.
turn waste into treasure
China uses 4 billion plastic fast food boxes, 500-700 million instant noodle bowls and billions of disposable chopsticks every year, which account for 8- 15% of domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can recover 600kg of diesel oil. Recycling 1500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down trees used to produce 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. 30%~40% of domestic garbage can be recycled, so we should cherish this small-scale and large-scale resource. Can also be used as a pencil case, which is environmentally friendly and saves resources.
In addition, other substances in garbage can also be transformed into resources, such as food, vegetation and fabrics, which can be composted to produce organic fertilizer; Garbage incineration can generate electricity, heat or cool; Bricks and lime soil can be processed into building materials and so on. All kinds of solid wastes are garbage when mixed together, and resources when separated. If we can fully tap the resource potential contained in domestic waste recycling, Beijing alone will get an economic benefit of 1 1000 billion yuan every year. It can be seen that the best way to solve the garbage problem is to classify and recycle the garbage generated in the consumption link in time.
Second, summary
The benefits of garbage sorting are obvious. Garbage is sorted and sent to the factory instead of the landfill, which not only saves land, but also avoids the pollution caused by landfill or incineration, and can also turn waste into treasure. In this contest between man and garbage, people turned garbage from enemies into friends.
Therefore, classified garbage collection can reduce the amount and equipment of garbage treatment, reduce the treatment cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits.
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