What are the differences between the ethnic policies adopted by the Communist Party and the four major Malaysians?

The Communist Party of China used ethnic theory and ethnic policies to establish some Hui regimes and Hui armed forces in the Hui ethnic areas of Gansu and Ningxia, which provided guarantee for the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the establishment of ethnic regional autonomy. The system provides a reference. After the 15th Red Army Corps advanced to the Yuwang area, in order to implement the party's ethnic policy and with the approval of the Red Army headquarters, the first Hui armed force in history under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was formally established in Nangtiaoliang in late May 1936. Strength - Hui Liberation Independent Division, headed by Ma Qingnian (Hui nationality), a cadre of the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department, as the division commander, Ouyang Wu (Hui nationality), section chief of the Political Department, as political commissar, and Li Tiemin (Han nationality) as chief of staff. When the Hui Independent Division was first established, it had only one infantry company and one cavalry platoon, with more than 100 soldiers, more than 100 guns, and more than 50 horses. After training, the troops "have made great progress politically and will become the main force in the struggle of the Hui people in the northwest in the future" [16]. This Hui armed force made important contributions in defending the new political power, fighting local reactionary forces, and cooperating and supporting the Red Army in operations.

On September 3, 1936, the fourteenth issue of "Party Work" published the article "Several Issues in the Work of the Hui People" by Li Yimeng, Propaganda Minister of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, discussing " The Hui people are one nation," "the problem of fighting against local tyrants," "some organizational problems with mass organizations, the party, the government..." and "the unity of the Hui and Han people." It said: “National prejudice has existed for thousands of years, and after brutal struggles and the influence of Han chauvinism, today when we use the national united front to fight for the Hui people, we must not only educate the Hui people to unite with the Han people; we must also educate The Han people unite with the Hui Han people because our enemy is one - imperialism and Han official warlords, and the program and goal of our struggle is one - to make the self-determination of the Hui people a part of the liberation and independence of the entire Chinese nation. This will It is the basis for the unity of the Hui and Han people. Under the Soviet Union, the complete equality of political and economic rights of the Hui and Han people, as well as freedom of belief are the second principle.” [17] This article is a review of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s ethnic policy on the Hui people. and the interpretation of ethnic equality provided theoretical guidance for the Red Army’s ethnic work in Hui areas. The article also pointed out: If the Hui people want to achieve liberation, they must have armed forces for self-defense. The armed forms include the Hui Self-Defense Army, the Hui Anti-Japanese Guerrillas, and the regular Hui People's Revolutionary Army. "At the same time, we must provide various kinds of help in terms of military technology, weapons and equipment, and political education... The Hui people's own armed forces fighting for the liberation movement will be part of the anti-Japanese coalition in the near future. This should It is the first-class work in our work for the Hui people." [18]

On September 16, 1936, the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, led by Commander-in-Chief He Long, arrived in Huixian County, Gansu Province. At that time, there were about 800 Hui County Hui households and more than 3,000 people. Most of them lived in the Dongguan area of ????the county, with many people and little land, and the land was barren. After entering the county seat, under the guidance of the "Instructions on the Work of the Hui People", "Declaration of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Government to the Hui People" and "Several Issues in the Work of the Hui People" and "The National Self-determination of the Hui People", the Red Army actively promoted and Strictly implement the party's ethnic policy and protect the freedom of religious belief and the customs and habits of the Hui people. On the "screen wall" of the mosque outside the east gate, "Protect the Mosque!" "The Red Army will not live in the mosque!" and "Protect the Hui people!" were written with lime on the "screen wall" of the mosque outside the east gate. Down with the corrupt officials who oppress the Hui people!" "Unite the Hui people, resist Japan and Chiang!" [19] and other large slogans, the Red Army stationed in the local area also preached the Red Army's ethnic policies to the local Hui people. On the basis of gaining the trust and support of the Hui people, the Red Army first helped the Hui people to establish the Hui Autonomous Committee (with three anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang committees), elected Imam Marken as chairman, and later established the "Hui County Workers' and Peasants' Soviet" Government" (with jurisdiction over 2 township Soviets), the county magistrate Ma Keren and the deputy county magistrate Ma Jun are both Hui people. While the Red Army was stationed, it also organized a Huixian worker-peasant guerrilla force, with about 1,000 people. More than 10 Hui people also participated, and then followed the army northward [20]. This was the first coalition government established by the Red Army after entering the Hui areas of Gansu and Ningxia. The Hui people obtained leadership and self-determination rights, which provided experience and reference for the Red Army in the future when it entered other areas to implement Hui ethnic policies and establish Hui governments.

Under the guidance of two important documents, the "Instructions on the Work of the Hui People" and the "Declaration of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Government to the Hui People", on October 20, 1936, a conference was held at the Tongxin Mosque in Ningxia. The first county-level ethnic autonomous government in the history of the Hui people - the Hui Autonomous Government of Yuhai County, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Province - was established, and the "Regulations on Rent and Interest Reduction" and "Land Regulations" were promulgated, and Hui Ma Hefu was elected as chairman of the Hui Autonomous County Government , and selected a group of Hui activists to participate in self-government work. Among the members of the autonomous government, except for the county party committee secretary and the military and political minister who are appointed by the Red Army, all other members are local Hui cadres elected through democratic elections. [21] After the establishment of the Hui Autonomous Government in Yuhai County, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Province, a "Hui Guerrilla Brigade" was organized, with Ma Hefu, Chairman of the Autonomous Government, as the captain. Guerrilla groups were also organized in various districts and townships. In addition, an anti-Japanese and national salvation guerrilla group was organized, with more than 3,000 people.