What does kelvin mean? Regardless of the language of that country, can anyone help me?

1. Celebrities talk about mechanics. What is mechanics? To answer this question, we must grasp its historical development process. Ancient China also had the word "mechanics", but just like "science" in ancient China was only the study of imperial examinations, it had a completely different meaning from today's. In ancient China, "mechanics" meant studying hard. For example, "the mechanics of farming" should be taught by working hard in farming and studying. The modern meaning of "mechanics" was introduced from the West. Although there was no word in ancient China with the same meaning as today, the word "force" appeared quite early. The character "force" in oracle bone inscriptions is the shape of a slave bending down to cultivate the land. It shows that it is carrying capacity. The earliest definition of the word "force" in China is in the "Mo Jing" written by Mozi (490-405 BC). There are two sayings: one: "Li, it is called heavy." The other: "Those who are powerful, The reason why punishment is exciting is that the word "punishment" here is clear. According to these two statements, it is not far from the "force" mentioned now. Ancient technology, whether in the East or the West, played a large role in lifting and carrying, that is, fighting against gravity. Therefore, for a long time in history, the main content of mechanics was the study of static force, balance, center of gravity, and lifting. "Force", on the other hand, is what causes an object to change its state of motion. This was Galileo's later understanding. According to the current literal understanding, the second statement in the "Mo Jing" seems to be that "shape" refers to the body and "fen" refers to movement. That is to say, force is the cause of the movement of objects. Unfortunately, in the Mo Jing, form refers to the body, and Fen refers to lifting. According to the Mo Jing itself, it is said, "To lift weight downwards is to push forward." It can be seen that the meaning of the Mo Jing is: force is the lifting of objects upward by the body. Therefore, the two statements in the "Mo Jing" have only one meaning, only statics without motion. In the West, the word "mechanics" comes from Greek, and literally means invention, ingenuity, and machinery. Later, it was gradually enriched and evolved into a word with two meanings, namely the improvement of all craftsmanship and the rational discussion of the laws of natural motion. The thicker meaning developed later. From the perspective of engineering and technology, throughout history, humans have gradually accumulated knowledge about the center of gravity, balance, simple machinery, buoyancy, circular and linear motion, etc. Speaking from ancient times, the Sumerians invented the wheel in 5000-4000BC, canoes in China in 2000BC, and ships and sailboats in Egypt in 2500BC. These experiences were gradually accumulated, leading to ancient Greece's city defense equipment like Archimedes's, and Italian Vitruvius's (1st century BC) construction machinery. Until the 17th century, the accumulated mechanical knowledge was summarized into five types of simple machines (lever, axle, inclined plane, screw, and pulley). In Western languages, mechanics and mechanism are the same root. Therefore, for a long historical period, people regarded mechanics and machinery as the same thing. From the perspective of exploring the laws of nature, humans were the first to accumulate observation data on the motion of celestial bodies and tried to explore their true motion states. The early development of mechanics is also inseparable from astronomy, from the ancient calendar to the geocentric theory of Ptolemy in ancient Greece, all the way to the classical mechanics of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. This kind of exploration is closely integrated with mathematics. Later, these two trends were combined to form the discipline of mechanics. Its research content and characteristics are also changing with the development of the times. Leonardo da Vinci, a scholar in the early European Renaissance, said: "Mechanics is the paradise of mathematical science, because here we obtain the results of mathematics." The Italian scholar Galileo Galilei said in "Dialogue on Two New Disciplines" (i.e., material mechanics and object "The continual activity of your Venetians in the famous arsenal, especially that part of the work which embraces mechanics, presents a vast field to the studious mind. For in this department all types of machines Instruments are being continuously manufactured by many craftsmen. Some of them must have become highly skilled and very smart in explaining problems because of inheriting experience and using their own observations. Almost at the same time as Galileo, in the late Ming Dynasty in China, by The definition of mechanics in "Illustrated Notes on Strange Weapons of the Far West" dictated by Western missionary Deng Yuhan (Swiss), recorded by Wang Hui, and published in 1627, roughly reflects the Western understanding of mechanics at that time: " Li means force, strength. Such as human power, horse power, wind power, etc. It also means using force, such as using human power, using horse power, or using the power of water and wind. Art refers to the skillful methods and skillful tools of using force, so it is also called the general name of making good use of one's force and making light of one's force.

Scholars are valued. Learning is a public name, while art is a private name. It covers literature, Neo-Confucianism, arithmetic, etc., all of which are called "gong". The meaning of the study of this force art is to focus on it, so it is called "Chong Xue Yun". " This passage explains the origin of the names of Chongxue (i.e. mechanics) and Liyi (i.e. mechanics). It can be seen from this that the early research content of mechanics in both the East and the West is generally inseparable from lifting. This book also says: "Every study has its own duties. For example, those who are in charge of medicine treat people's illnesses, and there are many people in charge of counting. But in the study of force and skill, it does not matter whether it is earth, water, wood, stone, etc. It's just transporting weight. "This passage summarizes the research content of mechanics. When talking about the relationship between mechanics and mathematics, the book said: "The creatures of the Creator have numbers, degrees, and weights, as are all things. Numbers are the science of arithmetic, and measuring is the science of measurement. The most important thing is the study of this skill. There is the nature of weight. Comparing the amount of this weight with that of another weight is the science of arithmetic; comparing the size of the shape of this weight with that of another weight is the science of measurement. Therefore, the necessity of mathematics, degree learning, and emphasis on learning is because the three studies are all born from human nature and are brothers and sisters.