Seedling raising technology

1, strong seedling: laying a foundation for high and stable yield;

2. Suitable for mechanical transplanting, to minimize missed planting and seedling injury, and to ensure suitable basic seedlings;

3. Save labor and money.

Basic morphology of robust seedlings:

(1) The suitable seedling height is 10-20cm, with more than 65438 white roots per plant;

(2) Qingxiu is disease-free, even and tidy, and Mabel Miao;

(3) The root system is hard and carpet-like, so it cannot be lifted; Floppy disk seedling raising is a kind of seedling raising method developed on the basis of "factory" hard disk seedling raising. The main links are:

(1) preparatory work

(1) preparing a nursery pond;

Preparation of nursery pond: the ratio of the area of nursery pond to the area of mechanical transplanting field is1:100-1:10. In order to facilitate the transportation of seedlings, it is advisable to control the nursery in 2 mu to avoid concentration.

There are two ways to fertilize the seedbed soil:

Centralized soil collection;

Fertilize the borrowed soil evenly in late winter and early spring, and 40 tons of human and animal manure or decomposed gray miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kilograms of 45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied per mu; After application, use a continuous machine for rotary tillage for 2-3 times, break the soil and mix it with fertilizer, and the rotary tillage depth is about 8 cm, then screen and cover with plastic film.

Loose soil;

After sieving, 45% NPK compound fertilizer 1.5 kg is evenly mixed into each cubic meter of fine soil. Inorganic fertilizer can also be replaced by "dry seedling strengthening agent" after screening, and 0.5-0.8 kg of "dry seedling strengthening agent" can be added per 100 kg of fine soil.

② Material preparation;

Preparation of seedling tray: generally, about 25 floppy disks need to be prepared per mu of field. For mechanical sowing, each assembly line should have enough hard disks for off-tray turnover, and the specific amount should depend on the distance of transferring seedling trays during sowing.

Specification and manufacturing requirements of seedling board.

The standard seedling board specifications are: border width 1.3m, ditch width 0.25-0.3m and ditch depth 0.15m; The surrounding ditches are 0.3m wide and 0.2m deep.

Seedling board production requirements: solid, light and straight.

Preparation of other materials. According to the area of the seedling board, prepare a proper amount of auxiliary materials such as plastic film and straw.

③ Soil preparation before bed;

Choose the appropriate bed soil:

1, vegetable garden soil;

2. Farming and mature dryland soil;

3. Paddy soil for autumn tillage, winter tillage and spring tillage.

Improper bed soil:

Grassland soil and wheat field soil sprayed with herbicides in season.

Amount of soil taken: 100 kg of qualified nutrient fine soil shall be prepared for each mu of field.

④ Seed preparation

1- Variety selection: select high-quality, high-yield and stable-yield varieties suitable for local cultivation according to the situation.

2- Seed dosage: Generally, 3 kg of selected seeds or 1 kg of hybrid rice seeds are needed per mu of field.

3- Seed selection: Select carefully selected seeds to ensure germination rate.

4- Seed soaking with chemicals: seed soaking with chemicals to control pests and diseases; The standard for rice seeds to absorb enough water is that the husk is transparent, the abdomen is white and the germ can be seen, and the rice grains are easily broken and noiseless.

5- Accelerating germination: The length of root bud planted artificially is less than 2mm, and it can be sown mechanically.

② Fine sowing

Floppy disk seedling can be divided into manual sowing and mechanical sowing according to sowing methods.

(1) Artificial sowing:

The thickness of the subsoil ensures that the soil layer of the seedling block is 2-2.5cm; Soil and water on the soles of feet;

When the germination rate is 90%, the bud valley140-150g and hybrid rice bud valley 80-100g are generally sown in each tray.

Precision sowing and even sowing; Cover the soil.

② Mechanical seeding: debugging the seeder; After sowing, the tray on the seedling plate is directly removed; Wet seedling board.

③ Manual seeding operation process

Preparing bed soil-crushing soil, mixing fertilizer and sieving-composting-drying seeds-germination test-selecting seeds-soaking seeds with chemicals-accelerating germination-finely making seedling boards-laying empty trays-loading soil-sprinkling water-sowing.

(4) sealing the film and covering the grass.

After sowing, the buds need to go through a certain high temperature and high humidity to emerge neatly, so it is necessary to cover the grass with plastic film and control the temperature and humidity to promote the growth of seedlings.

（3）

(1) Uncovering and hardening seedlings: Generally, the seedlings are uncovered and hardened 3-5 days after sowing.

Principle of seedling uncovering: seedling uncovering in sunny evening, seedling uncovering in cloudy morning, seedling uncovering before light rain and seedling uncovering after heavy rain.

(2) Scientific water management: Before the three-leaf stage of seedlings, ditch water should generally be irrigated to keep the soil of trays or beds moist and not white.

③ timely topdressing weaning fertilizer;

④ Do a good job in pest control;

⑤ Look at the seedlings and use the seedling strengthening agent.

④ Preparation before planting

(1) Apply wedding fertilizer; Generally 3~4 days before transplanting; The amount and application method of fertilizer should depend on the color of seedlings.

(2) Water control and seedling hardening in time; By controlling water before planting, promote the old health of seedlings; Enhance the stress resistance of seedlings.

③ Transplanting with medicine; Machine-transplanted seedlings are vulnerable to pests and diseases because they are small and tender. Spraying 65438+ drugs 0~2 days before planting, and sticking to transplanting with drugs.

④ transportation and transplanting; After lifting the tray, carefully roll up the seedlings in the tray and pile them on the seedling carrier. Generally, it is advisable to stack 2~3 layers. When they are transported to the field, they should be unloaded and laid flat so that the seedlings can stretch naturally. And do it with the shipment, to prevent the scorching sun from hurting the seedlings. First, seedling raising and seedling transportation

Carefully lift and transport the seedlings to ensure that they are not deformed, broken or damaged.

② Site preparation

③ Suitable for transplantation.

Under the premise of ensuring the suitable seedling age, it is necessary to transplant early and timely to prevent the seedlings from exceeding the seedling age.

④ Seedlings

Before transplanting, the absolute water content of seedling bed soil should be controlled at 35-40%; The blank rate of seedlings on the seedling tray is