What is the difference between a smart city and a digital city? Are smart cities and smart cities the same thing?

The concepts of smart city, digital city and smart city are often confused. In fact, there are differences between them. The differences among smart cities, digital cities and smart cities also reflect people's deepening understanding of the role of information technology in urban development.

Definition of Smart City

Smart city is an urban form supported by a new generation of information technology and under the environment of the next generation of innovation (Innovation 2.0) in the knowledge society. Smart cities are based on the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, as well as the application of tools and methods such as wiki, social network, FabLab, LivingLab and comprehensive integration methods, and create an ecology conducive to innovation. Using information and communication technology to make urban life (ICT) smarter, effectively use resources, save costs and energy, improve service provision and quality of life, reduce environmental impact, and support innovation and low-carbon economy. Achieve a high degree of integration of smart technologies, high-end development of smart industries, efficient and convenient smart services, and people-oriented continuous innovation, and complete the leap from digital city to smart city and then to smart city.

Conceptual Evolution of Digital City, Smart City and Smart City

What exactly is a smart city? We can see that the understanding of smart cities is still a gradual process. Smart cities often intersect with regional development concepts such as digital cities, perceived cities, wireless cities, smart cities, eco-cities and low-carbon cities, and even mix and match with industry concepts such as e-government, intelligent transportation and smart grid. The interpretation of the concept of smart city often has its own emphasis. Some people think that the key lies in technology application, some people think that the key lies in network construction, some people think that the key lies in people's participation, some people think that the key lies in smart effect, and some pioneer cities in urban information construction emphasize people-oriented and sustainable innovation. In a word, wisdom is greater than intelligence. Smart city is not only another word of smart city, or the intelligent application of information technology, but also includes the connotation of people's intelligent participation, people-oriented and sustainable innovation. Based on the development of this concept and the summary of regional informatization practice around the world, the article "Smart City from the Perspective of Innovation 2.0" analyzes smart cities from two aspects: technical development and economic and social development, emphasizing that smart cities are not only the application of new generation information technologies such as Internet of Things and cloud computing, but more importantly, the methodological application of Innovation 2.0 for knowledge society.

From Digital City to Smart City

Digital city is an important part of digital earth and a digital form of traditional city. Digital city is an urban virtual space formed by combining urban geographic information with other urban information by using computer, Internet, 3S, multimedia and other technologies, digitizing it and storing it on the computer network. Through the standardization of spatial data infrastructure and the digitization of various urban information, the construction of digital city provides a foundation for data sharing and interconnection from both technical and institutional aspects, and realizes the integration of urban 3S technology and the in-depth application of informatization in various industries and fields [20]. The development of digital city has accumulated a lot of basic and business data, and it also faces many challenges, including the collection, analysis, storage and utilization of massive information at the city level, various complex problems in multi-system integration, and the alienation of urban development brought about by technological development.

The development of a new generation of information technology makes it a reality to further realize the intellectualization of urban form on the basis of digitalization. Relying on the internet of things can realize intelligent perception, identification, positioning, tracking and supervision; With the help of cloud computing and intelligent analysis technology, massive information processing and decision support can be realized. At the same time, with the gradual development of Innovation 2.0 in the knowledge society environment, modern information technology has gradually derived some new industrial formats and organizational forms [14] after completing the digital transformation of various industries in the industrial era, which makes people have a more real understanding of the evolution of innovation forms and social changes led by information technology, a deeper understanding of people-oriented scientific and technological innovation, and a new understanding of the evolution of urban forms under the development of modern science and technology.

About Smart City and Smart City

The four basic characteristics of a smart city are: comprehensive and thorough perception, ubiquitous broadband interconnection, intelligent fusion application and people-oriented sustainable innovation, while smart cities mainly emphasize the application of information technology in the first three points:

1, comprehensive and thorough perception

Through sensing technology, we can realize the monitoring and comprehensive perception of all aspects of urban management. Smart cities use all kinds of sensing devices and intelligent systems to intelligently identify and stereoscopically sense all-round changes of urban environment, state, location and other information anytime and anywhere, fuse, analyze and process the sensing data, and then intelligently integrate with business processes, so as to actively respond, thus promoting the harmonious and efficient operation of key urban systems.

2. Broadband Ubiquitous Interconnection

The development of various broadband wired and wireless network technologies provides basic conditions for the comprehensive interconnection, intercommunication and interaction between things, people and things, and people in cities, and provides basic conditions for all kinds of applications in cities at any time, anywhere, on demand and at will. As the "neural network" of smart city, broadband ubiquitous network greatly enhances the ability of smart city as an adaptive system to obtain information, provide real-time feedback and provide intelligent services anytime and anywhere.

3. The application of intelligent fusion

Modern city and its management is an open and complex giant system, and the application of a new generation of comprehensive sensing technology has increased the massive data of the city. Great achievements make wisdom. Based on cloud computing, the storage, calculation and analysis of massive data are realized through the application of intelligent fusion technology, and the comprehensive integration method (comprehensive integration seminar hall) is introduced, which greatly improves the decision support ability through the participation of people's "wisdom". Dacheng smart project based on cloud computing platform will constitute the "brain" of smart city. The integrated development of technology will further promote the combination of "cloud" and "terminal", promote the development from personal communication, personal computing to personal manufacturing, promote intelligent integration, anytime, anywhere, on-demand and random application, and further demonstrate the power of personal participation and users.

4. People-oriented sustainable innovation

The next generation of innovation facing the knowledge society reshapes the people-oriented connotation of modern science and technology, and also redefines the role of users, the value of application, the connotation of cooperation and the power of the public in innovation. The construction of smart cities pays special attention to people-oriented, citizen participation, shaping social harmony and creating public and unique values. Pay attention to the needs of citizens, and through Wikipedia, Weibo, Fab? Laboratory, life? Laboratories and other tools and methods strengthen user participation, gather public wisdom, and constantly promote user innovation, open innovation, mass innovation and collaborative innovation, so as to achieve people-oriented sustainable economic, social and environmental development.

Six Differences between Digital City and Smart City

Comparing digital cities with smart cities, we can find the following six differences:

1. When the digital city reproduces the traditional city in the virtual space through the urban geospatial information and the digitalization of all aspects of the city, the smart city pays attention to using the sensing technology and intelligent technology to further realize the automatic, real-time, comprehensive and thorough perception of the running state of the city.

2. When digital cities improve the management efficiency and service quality of various industries through the informationization of urban industries, smart cities emphasize more on moving from the industry-divided and relatively closed information architecture to the open, integrated and collaborative urban information architecture, which is a complex giant system, so as to give full play to the overall efficiency of urban information.

3. When digital cities form initial business collaboration based on the Internet, smart cities pay more attention to ubiquitous interconnection and intelligent convergence services that can be carried around anytime and anywhere through ubiquitous networks and mobile technologies.

4. When digital cities pay attention to the production, accumulation and application of data resources, smart cities pay more attention to service design and provision from the perspective of users.

5. When digital cities pay more attention to the use of information technology to realize informatization in all fields of cities to improve social production efficiency, smart cities pay more attention to people's dominant position, the shaping of open innovation space and its citizen participation, user experience, and people-oriented realization of sustainable innovation.

6. When digital cities are committed to realizing all the functions of urban operation and development through information technology, improving urban operation efficiency and serving urban management and development, smart cities put more emphasis on shaping urban public value and creating unique value through the participation and cooperation of government, market and social forces.

Smart cities not only widely use the Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, data mining, knowledge management, social networking and other technical tools, but also pay attention to the application of user participation, people-oriented innovation 2.0 concepts and methods to build an institutional environment conducive to the emergence of innovation, so as to achieve a high degree of integration of smart technologies, high-end development of smart industries, efficient and convenient smart services, people-oriented continuous innovation, and complete the leap from digital cities, smart cities to smart cities. Smart city will be a people-oriented sustainable innovation city in the era of innovation 2.0.

References:

Smart city 2.0 from the perspective of innovation:/complexity/complex22.htm

Baidu Encyclopedia Smart City: /view/33 10078.htm