Congenital genetic diseases also favor boys over girls.

Congenital genetic diseases also favor boys over girls.

Congenital genetic diseases also favor boys over girls, and parents want to give birth to a healthy baby. However, if parents have genetic defects, they will give birth to children with genetic diseases, and some genetic diseases are only passed on to men, not to women. Let's look at congenital genetic diseases first.

Congenital genetic diseases also favor sons over daughters.

Hemophilia is a group of hereditary hemorrhagic diseases, which is a serious coagulation dysfunction caused by the lack of some coagulation factors in the blood. Hemophilia is a typical recessive inheritance, which is spread by women and occurs in men. The gene controlling the synthesis of coagulation components of factor 8 is located on the X chromosome.

Cost:

When a baby suffers from traumatic bleeding for various reasons, the blood can't coagulate, and eventually he dies of excessive bleeding.

Criminal evidence:

The sick man marries the normal woman, and the male among the children is normal and the female is the carrier; A normal man marries a carrier woman, and the children are half patients and half carriers; The male of the patient is married to the female of the carrier, and half of the boys born suffer from hemophilia, and half of the girls born suffer from hemophilia and half are carriers. About 30% have no family history, and its onset may be caused by gene mutation.

Preventive measures:

Anti-hemophilia globulin has been listed in large quantities, thus greatly reducing the mortality rate.

Danger index: ★★★★★★☆.

Article 2 of the wanted order: hypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy

This is a recessive genetic disease, and women are only heterosexual chromosome carriers and will not get sick.

Cost:

Muscle atrophy, calf thickening and weakness, walking like a duck, gradually paralyzed after a few years. About 90% of children have pseudohypertrophy of muscles, most of them are accompanied by myocardial damage, and about 30% of children are accompanied by different degrees of mental retardation. Most of them get worse progressively and most of them die at the age of 20.

Criminal evidence:

It belongs to the most common myopathy in children, usually occurring at about 4 years old, and generally not more than 7 years old. Almost all of them affect boys, with Europe and America accounting for 1/3 000 ~ 65 438+0/4 000 and Japan accounting for 1/22 000.

Preventive measures:

At present, there is no effective treatment.

Risk index: ★ Risk index: ★ Risk index

Third place in the wanted order: bean diseases

Acute hemolytic anemia caused by eating broad beans. Due to the lack of glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in patients, the stability of erythrocyte membrane is poor.

Cost:

It is common in children, especially boys under 5 years old, accounting for about 90%. It often happens in the mature season of broad beans, and eating broad beans or broad bean products (such as vermicelli and soy sauce) will cause diseases.

Criminal evidence:

G-6- Parkinson's disease gene is located on the X chromosome, and the male-female ratio is about 7∶ 1. Most patients are male.

Preventive measures:

At present, the prevention and control of silkworm bean disease has achieved remarkable results, and the mortality rate has generally dropped below 1%.

Danger index: ★★★★★☆☆

The fourth place in the wanted order: red and green color blindness

Red-green color blindness is a congenital color vision disorder, and it is impossible to distinguish red from green. It belongs to X-linked recessive inheritance, showing that patients can't distinguish between red and green, and the red-green color blindness gene that determines the disease is a recessive gene, which is located on the X chromosome.

Cost:

It has little impact on health, but because red-green color blindness cannot distinguish red from green, it will have a certain impact on children's future study and work.

Criminal evidence: At present, there are more than 4,000 genetic diseases, including more than 400 systemic diseases accompanied by eye diseases and more than 200 simple eye diseases. The highest prevalence rate is red-green color blindness, which is 5. 1% for males and 0.8% for females.

Preventive measures:

Because it is a recessive genetic disease, pre-pregnancy examination plays a certain role, but it is still difficult to avoid.

Danger index: ★ ☆ ☆ ☆.

Fifth place in the wanted order: congenital agammaglobulinemia

This disease is a hereditary disease, and serious infection will occur repeatedly. As long as men's X chromosome carries recessive pathogenic genes, they will get sick, which shows that the incidence rate of men is higher than that of women. In X-linked recessive genetic diseases, the pathogenic genes of male patients come from their mothers and can only be passed on to their daughters in the future. The sons of female patients are all patients, showing cross inheritance.

Cost:

It is characterized by severe pneumonia, sepsis and suppurative sinusitis. About 50% or more patients are accompanied by chronic lung infection, and often suffer from obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale. Children rarely live through childhood.

Criminal evidence:

As long as men's X chromosome carries recessive pathogenic genes, they will get sick, which shows that the incidence rate of men is higher than that of women.

Preventive measures:

At present, there are regular IVIG treatments, but if there is no strict and regular alternative treatment, most patients will die within 2 years old.

Risk index: ★★★★☆☆☆

Congenital genetic diseases also emphasize son preference. Chromosome aberration and invisible gene mutation at chromosome level are the main causes of genetic diseases. When these pathogenic genes are located on sex chromosomes, sex-linked inheritance will occur.

The female sex chromosome is XX, while the male sex chromosome is XY, because the probability that the pathogenic gene appears in the same position of the two female chromosomes is relatively small, and the pathogenic gene of one sex chromosome will generally be covered up by the normal gene on the other sex chromosome, so it will not get sick; However, because men only have one X chromosome, when it has a disease-causing gene, it will get sick with it.

Diseases that are easily passed on to the next generation include the following genetic diseases:

1 hemophilia

The cause of this disease is the lack of coagulation component of inhibitory factor VII in blood, which leads to coagulation disorder. As long as the patient is slightly injured, he will bleed and even die of bleeding. Hemophilia can be said to be a typical recessive genetic disease, because the disease is on the X chromosome, so the mother is usually the carrier, but the son will get sick.

2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

This disease is a progressive muscular dystrophy, which usually begins at the age of four or five. At first, there will be symptoms such as difficulty in walking, and later symptoms will become more and more serious. By the age of ten, people could not walk at all, and many patients died of muscle weakness and respiratory failure at the age of twenty. The pathogenic gene of the disease is located on the X chromosome, so it is usually male and female.

Step 3 be bald

Baldness is also a typical male infection to women. Men are mostly dominant, while women are invisible, and only a few people are dominant. If a woman is a baldness gene carrier, her son will be bald, too. On the contrary, if a man is bald, his son has a 50% chance of being bald. Although baldness has no effect on health, it has a great influence on face value.

4. color blindness

This is a congenital color vision disorder, patients can not distinguish between red and green, and the gene of this disease is also on the X chromosome, which belongs to a sex-linked recessive genetic disease. It is precisely because of this that the genetic disease rate of men is higher than that of men, which is 5. 1% for men and 0.8% for women.

Color blindness will not have a serious impact on health, but it will have a certain impact on patients' life and study, such as not getting a driver's license.

In fact, many genetic diseases are incurable, so for the sake of prenatal and postnatal care, it is suggested that patients with serious genetic diseases choose the third generation of IVF to help them get pregnant. This technology can be used for chromosome screening and gene diagnosis of embryonic cells, and select high-quality embryos to be transplanted into the uterus, so as to avoid giving birth to unhealthy babies.