Six-character slogan of Beitou Group

Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was born in Yang Du, Yelang County, Xuzhou at the end of Han Dynasty. His father, Zhuge Jue, was a county magistrate of Mount Tai, and his uncle, Zhuge Xuan, was a celebrity at that time. Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang's brother, did not * * * Dai Tianjin as an official in Wu, but worshipped the army, leaving all the guards and leading the Yuzhou animal husbandry. Liang's younger brother, Zhuge Dan, is an official in Wei. He is a bureaucrat. He moved to Yangzhou as a thorn official, a general in the town east and an ordinary official. All three brothers are famous, each in a country. At that time, I thought that "Shu is the dragon, Wu is the tiger, and Wei is the dog" (Note in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pin Zao: Dogs are "meritorious dogs". Although they can't be compared with dragons and tigers, they are also outstanding people, so they are famous all over the world. )。

Zhuge Liang's ambition was not rewarded in his early years, so he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan and Xilong in Xiangyang City. In 207 A.D., Liu Bei, who was thirsty for talent, paid attention to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation in the world and put forward the road of uniting with Cao Cao to resist Wu, that is, "Longzhong's countermeasures." This is a correct political and military line put forward by Zhuge Liang for Liu Bei, and it is also the action program of Zhuge Liang all his life. Since then, Liu Bei's career has taken a turn for the better.

In 208 AD, Cao Cao led 300,000 troops south to Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang, with his extraordinary wisdom and courage, sent messengers to Wu Dong to persuade Wu Dong to fight Cao Cao and win in Battle of Red Cliffs, thus winning a foothold for Liu Bei. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he became prime minister and knew Ge Liang very well. In 223 AD, Liu Chan, the queen of Shu, succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and leading Yizhou as a shepherd. He made great efforts to govern, strictly rewarded and punished, and carried out the policy of reclamation, which improved the relationship between southwest nationalities and Shu Han and was conducive to the development of local economy and culture. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains. In 234 AD, he died in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork and was buried in Dingjun Mountain (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province).

Zhuge Liang's life was * * * 27 years. The 27 years before 207 AD is the preparation stage of his self-cultivation and determination to apply the world. After his success, he did not go to the north to defect to Cao Cao, nor did he return to the south to defect to Sun Quan. But to assist Liu Bei, who is "a minor celebrity". This is of course an objective Harada, but it is no accident. The reason why he chose the road of reviving the Han Dynasty shows that he is an orthodox thinker who adheres to feudal principles and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. Twenty-seven years from 207 to 234 AD is the stage of understanding Ge Liang and being loyal to Shu Han. Both the former owner and the latter owner trusted him very much. He doesn't follow Confucian dogma. He respects the king, but does not harass foreigners. He entered the south of China to comfort foreigners and carried out the best ethnic policy among the three countries. He knew the law and broke the law, was upright and upright, ruled the army with military force, and fought to the last breath with the selfless dedication of "devoting all his efforts to death." His loyal spirit of serving the country was deeply loved by Shu people before his death and admired by later generations for a long time after his death, which became the heritage of China traditional culture.

Brief introduction of Cao Cao

Cao Cao, born in 154, was born in Guopei County (Hao County, Anhui Province) Qiaoxian County. After Cao Can, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty, his grandfather Cao Teng became an official during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he was named Fei. His father, Cao Song, changed his surname because he became Cao Teng's adopted son and inherited the position of Marquis. Cao Cao's nicknames "Shun" and "Geely" were mentioned in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, hence the name "Cao Aman". When Cao Cao was young, he was resourceful and alert, but he was willful, chivalrous, unruly and unlearned. Therefore, no one in the society thinks he has any special talents, only Qiao Xuan of Liang thinks he is extraordinary. Xuan said to Cao Cao, "The world will be in chaos. Those who can be safe can't help!" In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Nanyang's page said to him: "The Han family will die, and those who live in peace in the world will be the same person!" Xu Shao, a word general, is famous for knowing people. He once said to Cao Cao, "Zi can rule the world, and there are traitors in troubled times." Dong Zhuo died during the Yellow Scarf Rebellion in the late Han Dynasty in A.D. 184. He fell into chaos and fought in the south and the north. In 10, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao's 65,438+10,000 troops in Guandu (northeast of zhongmou county, Henan) and Cangting (northeast of guanxian, Henan). In 208 AD, Cao Cao unified northern China and became the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In July 208, Cao Cao conquered Liu Biao in the south of Jingzhou, and in February 65438, he fought against Sun Liu's allied forces in Chibi and was defeated. 2 1 1 July, Cao Cao led his troops to attack Ma Chao in the west, which laid the foundation for the whole state of Wei. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty appointed Cao Cao as Wang Wei. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died in Luoyang at the age of 66. Posthumous title "Prince of Wu" was buried in Gaoling.

From Liu Chen to his death in Luoyang, Cao Cao fought for more than 30 years, participated in nearly 50 battles, and wiped out the separatist forces such as Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao, Zhang Xiu and Lu Bu. Cao Cao * * * has 25 sons, namely, Empress Bian gave birth to Emperor Xelloss, Zhang gave birth to Wisdom, Xiao Sheng gave birth to Cao Xiong, Mrs. Liu gave birth to Ang and Master, Mrs. Huan gave birth to Wang Caochong, Peng Cheng Wang Cao Zhi, Yan Guo Cao Yu, Wang Caolin, Zhongshan Gong Wang Cao Gun and Mrs. Qin gave birth to Jiyang. Among them, the eldest son Cao Cao thought he was sincere and respectful, and he became the successor and later Wei Wendi; Cao Zhang, the second son, mentioned in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that he was brave and courageous. The third son Cao Zhi is Cao Cao's favorite son. Although he is brilliant, he is timid and alcoholic. The fourth son, Cao Xiong, is weak and sickly. Cao Cao also has three daughters, the eldest daughter Cao Jie, the second daughter Cao Xian and the third daughter Cao Hua, all of whom are married to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Cao Cao is an outstanding politician, strategist and writer in history. He and his two sons, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, represented the style of writing in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. They are also known as "literary families" in history. Cao Cao has many works in his life. The famous "Watching the Sea" was written near Yanjin County, Henan Province after defeating Yuan Shao in 10.

Emperor Liu Bei (16 1-223)

The word Xuande was born in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province, descended from Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and was the founding king of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. In the last years of Emperor Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he made contributions to the Yellow Scarf thief, so he became the county commandant of Anxi Village. The secret punishment of Cao Cao failed, and he escaped. Three visits to the thatched cottage began with Zhuge Liang's assistance. Later, together with Sun Quan, he defeated Cao Cao in Chibi, won Yizhou and Hanzhong, and became the king of Hanzhong. In 22 1 year, he ascended the throne in Chengdu and proclaimed himself emperor. Wu Dong lost the battle and suffered heavy losses. He returned to Baidicheng and died of illness at the age of 62. Historically, Emperor posthumous title Liu of Zhaolie.

Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, was born in Zhuojun (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). The founder of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Weapons: double swords

Be sworn brothers

When folk customs spread to the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became sworn friends in Taoyuan. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" for the first time: "Fei said:' There is a peach blossom garden behind my village, and the flowers are in full bloom; Tomorrow, we should sacrifice to heaven and earth in the garden. The three of us will become brothers and work together, and then we can achieve great things. Liu Bei and Zhang Yun said in unison, "Great." The next day, in the Peach Blossom Garden, a gift of black ox and white horse was prepared. The three of them burned incense and worshipped again:' I miss Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Although they are brothers, they should work together to help the poor; Serve the country and feel at ease; I don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, I just want to die on the same day in the same year After heaven and earth, we can learn from our own hearts. Infidelity, heaven and man * * * slaughter! After the oath, Liu Bei was sworn as a brother, followed by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. "After that, he and * * * became sworn brothers conspiracy story.

all one's life

Liu Bei, the first emperor of Shu Han, is said to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei lost his father and made a living by selling shoes and weaving mats with his mother. At the age of fifteen, he went out to study, studied under Liu Deran and Gongsun Zan, and became friends with Gongsun Zan.

/kloc-in 0/84, the yellow turban insurrectionary, sponsored by businessman Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, broke out. Liu Bei organized uprising soldiers, followed Zou Jing to crusade against the Yellow Scarf Army, and made great achievements. He was appointed an xiwei. Later, Du You, who was dissatisfied with his official arrival, was arrested, beaten again, and then abandoned his official position and fled.

Later, General He Jin sent Wu Qiu Yi to Danyang to recruit soldiers, and Liu Bei joined him on the way. When he arrived in Xiapi, he fought against thieves and served as Xiami County Cheng, and soon resigned. /kloc-in 0/90, he was appointed as the magistrate and magistrate of Gaotang County, and even entered the ranks of the crusade against Dong Zhuo. Soon, he was defeated by thieves and went to Gongsun Zan. He was named another Sima to protect Yuan Shao with Tian Kai. Because of his work, he was rated as the plain county magistrate and the original state of peace.

In 194, Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian, and Tao Qian turned to Tian Ji for help. Tian Ji rescued Cao Jun with Liu Bei, and dedicated 4,000 special soldiers to Liu Bei. Liu Bei joined Xiao Pei and sealed the secretariat of Yuzhou. In A.D. 194, they died of illness, and Elk Zhu and Chen entered Xuzhou with Liu Bei. Later, he was worshipped by the court as a general in the town east and Hou Ting in Yicheng. 195, Lu Bu, defeated by Cao Cao, came to defect, and Liu Bei allowed him to stay in Xiaopei.

In the second year, Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei who met him, but Lu Bu took the opportunity to sneak up on Xia Pi. Liu Bei had to move to Haixi and defeated Yang Feng, Han Xian, Guan Xu, Yang Xian and others on the way. Later, Lu Bu welcomed Liu Bei back, returned his wife and allowed him to stay in a small place. Soon, he gathered more than ten thousand soldiers. Lu Bu felt dangerous and sent troops to attack Xiao Pei. Liu Bei defected to Cao Cao after his failure. Later, I tried to take back Xiao Pei, but I was defeated by Gao Shun. 198, Liu Bei succeeded in destroying Lu Bu with Cao Cao. Later, Xu Chang and Liu Bei were appointed left generals, and Cao Cao treated them with courtesy. They were in the same car when they went out and at the same table when they sat.

Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was dissatisfied with Cao Cao, and ordered his father-in-law Dong Cheng to kill Cao Cao. Liu Bei also joined the action, growing vegetables at home every day, reducing the pressure on Cao Cao. One day, Cao Cao hosted a banquet for Liu Bei and said to Liu Bei, "The only heroes in the world today are the monarch and Cao. There were not enough people at the beginning. " Liu Bei was so scared that his chopsticks fell off. At this time, it just thundered. Liu Bei said to Cao Cao, "It is good for the sage to say that the thunder will change.". The power of an earthquake is no less than this! " Soon, Yuan Shu, who lost in the south, wanted to go north to Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to attack Yuan Shu. But before the troops arrived, Yuan Shu had died of illness.

199, Liu Bei took the opportunity to occupy Xiapi and killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, leaving Guan Yu to guard Xiapi and protect Xiaopei himself. On the one hand, he sent Sun Gan to unite with Yuan Shao and joined forces with many local forces to fight against Cao Cao. Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Zhong Wang to attack Liu Bei, but they failed. In 200, Dong Cheng was defeated and killed. Cao Cao Dong recruited Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was defeated. Cao Cao captured Liu Bei's wife and Guan Yu alive.

Liu Bei fled to Qingzhou, where Yuan Tan, the secretariat of Qingzhou, personally greeted him and informed Yuan Shao, who also personally greeted him outside Yecheng. After staying for more than a month, the former subordinates reunited. Soon, a war broke out between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, and Runa Yellow Scarf rebelled against Cao Cao by Yu Jun, Liu Pi and others. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to join Liu Pi with his army. Cao Cao sent Coss to attack Runa, and Liu Bei only returned to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei wanted to keep Yuan Shao, so he persuaded Yuan Shao to take Liu Biao to the south. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to meet Gong Duhui in Runan. Cao Cao sent Cai Yang to attack Liu Bei, who killed him.

In 20 1 year, Cao Nan, defeated by Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, attacked Runan, and Liu Bei was defeated and abandoned the city. Then he ordered Elk Zhu and Liu Biao to meet him, and Liu Biao personally went to the suburbs to meet Liu Bei. As a gift from the above-mentioned guests, he was allowed to stay in Xinye. Although Liu Biao treated Liu Bei with courtesy, he had some scruples about him, and Liu Bei made many heroes in Jingzhou, so he didn't trust him very much and didn't accept his advice on the Northern Expedition. In 2002, Cao Jiang, Xia Houdun, Yu Jin and others invaded Wang Bo to the south, and the two sides were deadlocked. Liu Bei set an ambush, set fire to retreat, pursued by Xia Houdun, and was broken by the ambush.

In 2007, Cao Lu invited Zhuge Liang to join in and reached the strategic policy of Longzhong-China cooperation. In 2008, Cao Cao went south. In August, Liu Biao died of illness. The second son, Liu Cong, acceded to the throne and sent Cao Cao to surrender. When Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao was going south, he abandoned Fancheng and fled south. Liu Cong's men and Jingzhou people fled with Liu Beinan. When they arrived in Dangyang, they had gathered 10 more than ten thousand people and thousands of cars. They can only walk more than ten miles a day, so they sent Guan Yu to go first in hundreds of ships and meet them in Jiangling. Cao Cao was afraid that Liu Beixian would occupy Jiangling, so he sent five thousand fighters to chase him. The two armies met in Changsaka, Dangyang. Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first, and was separated from the army. Fortunately, when he was in Hanjin, he met Guan Yu's fleet and fled to Xiakou with more than 10,000 people of Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi. Just as Lu Su came to inquire about the news, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to form an alliance with Sun Quan, and fought against Sun Quan's generals Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu's troops in the Wulin, crushing the enemy.

Liu Bei named Liu Qi as the secretariat of Jingzhou and levied four counties in Jingnan. Wuling satrap kim hyun, Changsha satrap Han Xuan, Guiyang satrap Zhao Fan and Lingling satrap Liu Du all surrendered. Jin Xuan, the satrap of Wuling, was robbed and killed by Liu Bei, and the person who surrendered was suspected to be his subordinate. Xu Lei also led thousands of people to mutiny. After Liu Qi died of illness, the generals elected Liu Bei as Jingzhou Pastor, and Sun Quan also married his sister to Liu Bei. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang accepted Zhang Song's suggestion and invited Liu Bei to assist in Shu. Paifa came to Liu Bei with 4,000 people and a huge sum of money, and Liu Bei personally led the army into Shu. After arriving in Fucheng, Liu Zhang personally went out. Zhang Song, Fazheng and Pang Tong all suggested that Liu Beike take the opportunity to kill Liu Zhang, but Liu Bei refused. Liu Zhang pushed Liu Beihang's fu and led the division to a captain. Liu Zhang rationed Liu Bei's soldiers to attack Zhang Lu, but Liu Bei did not send troops, but bought the hearts of the people.

In 2 12, Liu Bei asked Liu Zhang to borrow soldiers' food and return to Jingzhou to help Sun Quan, but Liu Zhang only gave him half. But Liu Zhang found that his subordinate Zhang Song and Liu Bei were having an affair to take Shu, and the two sides broke up in discord. Liu Bei killed Yang Huai and advanced on Liu Zhang. Liu? Lengbao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian, etc. Liu Bei held fast to Fucheng, but they were conquered. Attack to Mianzhu Pass and surrender to Li Yan, the commander-in-chief of the garrison. In 2 14, Luocheng was blocked by Liu Xun, and the war lasted for one year. Fortunately, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others led troops into Shu to help each other. Finally, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei became the master of Shu. In 2 15, Sun Liu began to compete for Jingzhou and finally decided to share it equally, but the relationship between the two sides has deteriorated.

In 2 17, Liu Bei led the army to the north, and occupied Hanzhong in the summer of 2 19, claiming to be the king of Hanzhong and occupying Shang Yong at the same time. In the winter of the same year, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan and the two sides officially broke up. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence, and Liu Bei ascended the throne the next year, establishing Shu Han. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei sent troops to Wu Dong to avenge Guan Yu's death, but was defeated by Lu Xun in the battle of Yiling, and finally retreated to Baidicheng, leaving Zhuge Liang and Li Yan to fight alone. He died of illness in April 223, and posthumous title was Emperor Zhaolie. In May, the body was transported back to Chengdu from Yong 'an and buried in August.

Liu Bei has two tombs. One is Hui Ling of Chengdu Wuhou Temple; The other is Lianhua Dam in Pengshan, Sichuan.

trait

Liu Bei is seven feet and five inches tall (172cm). His hands are on his knees, and his eyes can see his ears. On one occasion, Zhang Yu, an official of Liu, made fun of the moustache. He doesn't like to talk much. His emotions are invisible. He doesn't like reading very much. He likes playing with dogs and horses, listening to music, wearing beautiful clothes, making friends with heroes, and being kind to servants and people. It is said that he once moved an assassin because of kindness and gave up suicide.

Liu Bei, a teenager, dreamed of taking the car of the son of heaven one day. Although Liu Bei is kind, he is also a group of ambitious people. For example, Liu Bei lived in Jingzhou for several years. Once when he was drinking with Liu Biao, he saw the meat in his moustache when he went to the toilet. He lamented that he fought everywhere in his early years and was inseparable from the saddle. But now he is far from fighting, and the meat in his moustache is raw. He was moved to tears. Many times, Liu Biao was suggested to explore the north, but Liu Biao didn't accept it.

Sun Quan (AD 182-252), Han nationality, whose real name is Zhong Mou. Wu Dadi was the founder of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Fuchun County, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). Father Sun Jian claimed to be Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a magistrate in Changsha and served as a general to defeat Lu. Brother Sun Ce, in order to defy the general, sealed the marquis of Wu.

Sun Quan was born in the fifth year of Guanghe (AD 182) and died in the second year of Taiyuan (AD 252). Sun Jian's second son, when he was young, followed his eldest brother Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, Sun Quan was promoted to filial piety, and Ren Yangxian (now Yixing) was a captain of Fengyi. In The Romance of 200 Years, Sun Ce died young. Before he died, he said to Sun Quan, "Please invite Zhang Zhao for internal affairs and Zhou Yu for foreign affairs." Sun Quan succeeded to the throne as the Lord of Jiangdong.

In 208, Sun Quan set out to the west, recovered Gan Ning, and encircled Huang Zu. In the same year, Cao Cao went south and Liu Bei was defeated. After Cao Cao occupied Jingxiang, he wrote to Sun Quan, intending to win Soochow in one fell swoop. Soochow is divided into two factions: the main war faction headed by Lu Su and the main peace faction headed by Zhang Zhao. Zhang Zhao was very convincing at that time, but Sun Quan was very interested in a war. At this time, Lu Su brought Zhuge Liang from Jiangxia, indicating Liu Bei's determination to unite with Wu against Cao. Zhou Yu's timely return shows all kinds of disadvantages of Cao Cao, indicating that this war is expected to win. Sun Quan decisively decided to take Zhou Yu as the commander in chief and send troops to Sanjiangkou to fight against Cao Cao. This is the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan joined Liu Bei and married his sister Sun Ren to Liu Bei. Later, he lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei from Lu Su's plan. After Liu Bei successfully captured Sichuan, Sun Quan asked Liu Bei to return Jingzhou, but Liu Bei refused. Lu Su took back the three counties after one-on-one talks. After Sun Quan hit Hefei, he was defeated by Zhang Liao. In 2 17, Wei and Wu fought in ruxu, and neither side could win. After the war of ruxu's mouth, Sun Quan befriended Cao Cao, and signed a secret alliance between Wei and Wu to * * * cut Guan Yu.

In 2 19 AD, Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, and Sun Quan appointed Lu Meng as Jingzhou Pastor. Lv Meng captured Jingzhou with the plan of "crossing the river in white clothes" and captured Guan Yu alive in Maicheng. Sun Quan killed Guan Yu and gave his head to Cao Cao. In 220, Cao Pi replaced Han. Sun Quan declared that Wu Dong was a vassal state of Wei, and he became a vassal state of Wei. Cao Pi conferred nine gifts on Sun Quan. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and immediately set out to attack Dongwu, calling it revenge for Guan Yu, which was actually the battle of Jingzhou. Sun Quan decisively appointed Lu Xun, a 38-year-old young general, as the viceroy to face Liu Bei. Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei in Yiling with the plan of "burning the camp". In 223, Liu Bei died of illness, and Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi to cross the river for peace and prepare for the Northern Expedition. Sun Quan and Shu Han lived in harmony and attacked Cao Wei. In 224, Cao Pi's army attacked Wu Dong. Sun Quan asked Xu to make a fire to break the enemy. In 226, Cao Pi died of illness. Sun Quan personally led the army to attack Jiangxia, but was defeated by Wen Pin, the satrap.

In 229 AD, Sun Chu boarded Wuchang (now Sun Yicheng, Hubei), and the Dongwu regime was formally established, and then he moved his capital to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In 234 AD, Sun Quan responded to Zhuge Liang's last Northern Expedition and was defeated by Man Chong, the secretariat of Yangzhou. After rising of sun, general Wei Wen and others were sent to sea on a large scale to strengthen the contact with Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province). Also set up agricultural officials to open up wasteland; And set up counties in Shanyue area, which promoted the development of land in the south of the Yangtze River. At the same time, however, Sun Quan, who proclaimed himself emperor, became increasingly arrogant and overbearing, exacting exorbitant taxes, imposing cruel punishments, and the people revolted repeatedly. Sun Quan also made a big mistake in establishing a prince. After the untimely death of Prince Sun Deng, Sun Quan first abolished the peace between the descendants of the two emperors, then granted the death to Sun Ba, the king of Lu, and finally appointed his youngest son, Sun Liang, as the prince, which laid the foundation for the political reform of Wu Palace in the future. In 252, Sun Quan died of illness at the age of 7 1 year.

Concise biography

/kloc-At the age of 0/9, Sun Quan succeeded to his brother Sun Ce and was defeated by Huang Zu in Jiangdong. After Wu Dong joined forces with Liu Bei, Cao Cao Jun was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs. Later, Soochow fought Cao Cao Jun near Hefei, retaken Jingzhou from Liu Bei, killed Guan Yu and smashed Liu Bei's crusade army. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor to the north first, then Jianwu proclaimed himself emperor, and moved the capital to Jianye.

Sun Quan is decisive and brave. He used to be in ruxu mouth area, and he was extremely calm when he was in the lineup of ship detective Wei Jun. Wei Jun's bows and arrows were all fired, and the arrows were concentrated on one side of the ship. Sun Quan ordered the boat to turn around, and then he was shot by an arrow on the other side, and then he sailed back safely after the arrow was even with the boat. He is quite talented in "reading and passing on history". He once wrote to Cao Cao: "Spring water can only breed life, so you should take your first step quickly and don't die.". You can't be alone. " Just 16 words means a lot.

In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Cao Cao defeated Liu Biao and won Jingzhou in an attempt to destroy Wu in one fell swoop. He claimed to Sun Quan: "Today, 800,000 square meters of water conservancy troops and generals will be cats in Wu." Sun Quan was not intimidated by Cao Cao's aggressiveness. He resolutely adopted Lu Su's suggestion and made an alliance with Liu Bei. In the famous Battle of Red Cliffs, he defeated Cao Jun with fire attack tactics, thus laying a tripartite confrontation between the three countries.

Sun Quan sized up the situation and considered choosing a suitable political center again. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 1 1 year), after listening to the opinions of all parties, he resolutely decided to move the capital from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Moling (now Nanjing) and build Shicheng in Shishishan. The following year, Moling was changed to Jianye. In the second year of Huang Chu (AD 22 1 year), it was renamed Wuchang, with Sun Yicheng in Jingzhou as the political center, for the sake of commanding the war against Shu. In April of the first year of Huanglong (AD 229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang. In September of the same year, he moved the capital from Wuchang back to "the boat and car are convenient and the risks are endless: the fields are loose and there are losses; Can enter the war, can retreat and defend the construction industry. In this way, Sun Quan created the capital history of Nanjing.

Sun Quan planned and built Jianye Capital, which is 20 miles around the city, 19 steps. In Jianye City, Shitou Town and Danyang County outside the city, there are magnificent Miyagi and government offices, houses and temples, as well as markets with concentrated population and prosperous business. Jianye founded by Sun Quan became a real city in ancient times, which laid the foundation for the future development of Nanjing.

Sun Quan has made great contributions to the development of Jianye and even the whole Jiangnan area. He took many measures to encourage the development of production. He "personally took over the land" and changed eight cows for driving into plowing cows to show that he advocated agricultural production. He also ordered the official history to prohibit farmers from recruiting them to take corvee service during the busy farming season, so as to ensure the construction of water conservancy during the production period, dredge and expand the Qinhuai River waterway, and open Pogangdu, Du Yun, Dongqu and Chaogou. At that time, there were thousands of skilled handicraft workers in Jianye City, engaged in silk weaving, smelting and casting. Sun Quan also developed navigation, sending generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead 10,000 people to Yizhou (present-day Taiwan Province Province), envoys to Liaodong Peninsula and Hainan, and some envoys to Koguryo, Funan (present-day Cambodia), Lin Yi (present-day central Vietnam) and Nanyang Islands. In 247 AD, Jianchu Temple was also built for Buddhist monks in the Western Regions, which was the first Buddhist temple in Jinling.

Sun Quan ruled Jiangdong for 5 1 year. His life was the golden age of Ng Man Tat's pioneering work. However, in his later years, the talented Prince Sun Deng died unfortunately, and other descendants were also seriously hurt by the infighting for the throne. In the second year of Taiyuan (AD 252), Sun Quan, an outstanding politician who lived in Jiangdong for a long time, died of depression. 765,438+0 years old, temple name Mao, the great emperor of posthumous title. Buried in Jiangling (now South Meihua Mountain, Zijin Mountain, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province).

romaunt

Sun Quan likes drinking very much. Drinking too much often delays important events. However, he has one characteristic, that is, he can listen to others' persuasion with an open mind and correct his mistakes. Here are two short stories about his listening and coaching.

Sun Quan became the Queen of Wu and gave a banquet to entertain his ministers. At the end of the banquet, he personally got up to propose a toast to the ministers. Go to the front of Yu Fan, a captain riding a horse, and Yu Fan pretends to be drunk and falls to the ground. When Sun Quan returned to his seat, he got up and sat down again. So Sun Quan was furious and wanted to kill him with his sword. The ministers present at that time were too scared to come forward to dissuade them. Only Liu Ji, a senior farmer, came out to hug Sun Quan, stopped him from killing Yu Fan, and persuaded him that it was very inappropriate for the king to kill talented people after drinking. Even if Yu Fan is guilty, who knows? It is precisely because the king can recruit talents and accommodate them, so talented people all over the world come to him, and now he has suddenly abandoned his good reputation. Is it worth it? Sun Quan said that Cao Cao had killed Kong Rong, so why couldn't I kill Yu Fan? Liu Ji said: Cao Cao killed the sage easily, and everyone in the world opposed him. And how can the king's practice of benevolence and righteousness be compared with that of a saint like Yao and Shun? After listening to Liu Ji's words, Sun Quan's anger slowly subsided. Yu Fan was therefore exempted from the death penalty. After the banquet, Sun Quan said to his servants: From now on, if I say I want to kill someone after drinking, don't kill anyone.

On another occasion, Sun Quan got drunk in Diaoyutai, Wuchang, and got as drunk as a fiddler. When he got drunk, he asked people to sprinkle water on the ministers at the table and told everyone that if you drink today, you must be drunk here. At that time, Zhang Zhao, the deputy commander of the State of Wu, left the party without a word, went outside and sat in his car. Sun Quan sent someone to call him back, saying, Today is just drinking and having fun. Why are you angry? Zhang Zhao replied: In the past, Zhou Wang built a bad wine pool to drink all night, also for pleasure. People didn't think it was a bad thing. Hearing this, Sun Quan didn't say a word, and his face looked ashamed, so he immediately withdrew from the party.