Has the 22nd National Popularization Week started?

70th anniversary of People's Republic of China (PRC).

22nd National Publicity Week of Putonghua Promotion

Celebrate the 70th birthday in Mandarin and standardize the patriotic feelings of calligraphy.

Since 1998, the third week of September every year is the National Publicity Week for Promoting Putonghua (hereinafter referred to as Popularization Week). 201September 16-22 is the 22nd Popularization Week. The theme of this year's Tupu Week is: "Celebrate the 70th birthday in Mandarin and standardize the patriotic feelings of calligraphy".

20 19 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is a crucial year to win the first century-long struggle goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. At this important moment, it is particularly important to promote patriotism. Patriotism is the core of our national spirit and the spiritual bond of the Chinese nation's United struggle and unremitting self-improvement. We should constantly enhance the consciousness of carrying forward the spirit of patriotism, establish a high degree of cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence, consciously incorporate the work of language and writing into the overall situation of comprehensively deepening the reform of the country, lead the masses to continuously enhance their awareness of consciously standardizing the use of the unified language and writing of the country, actively help win the battle against poverty, promote the high-quality development of language and writing, and celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China.

The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Common Language and Characters clearly stipulates: "Schools and other educational institutions use Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the basic teaching languages." Mandarin is the most suitable language for our modern civilized life and meets the requirements of the development of our harmonious society. It is the symbol of this era, this society and our country. Promoting Putonghua also includes writing standardized characters. Chinese characters are the oldest, richest and most beautiful characters in the world, which is our pride. Therefore, patriotism must first love the language of the motherland. We all have the responsibility and obligation to improve the awareness of norms, so that "writing is practicing calligraphy" and writing is standardized, accurate and beautiful. At the same time, when writing, we should also pay attention to punctuation and the format of the article.

Putonghua knowledge question and answer

Let's study!

1. What is Mandarin?

Mandarin is the lingua franca of modern Han nationality, with Beijing dialect as the standard, northern dialect as the basic dialect and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm.

2. What is the origin of the word "Putonghua"?

The word "Putonghua" appeared as early as the late Qing Dynasty. 1902, Wu Rulun, a scholar, visited Japan, and the Japanese suggested to him that China should carry out Putonghua education to unify the language. The name "Mandarin" was mentioned in the conversation. 1904, when Qiu Jin, a modern female revolutionary, was studying in Japan, she organized a "lecture liaison meeting" with students studying in Japan, and drew up a booklet, in which the name "Putonghua" appeared. 1906, Zhu, a scholar who studied word segmentation, divided Chinese into "Chinese" (classical Chinese), "Putonghua" and "common sayings" (dialects) in his book Jiangsu Xin Xin. He not only put forward the name of "Mandarin", but also gave a clear definition of "Mandarin". Later, Qu Qiubai and others also put forward the idea of "Putonghua". In 1930s, Qu Qiubai put forward in the article "War beyond the Gate of Hell" that "the task of the literary revolution is by no means limited to creating some new poems, novels and plays, but to establish a modern Mandarin accent for China." "Modern Putonghua, a new Chinese language, should be used in all parts of China, with modern' dialect', polyphony and ending ..." The actual meaning of Putonghua is controversial. Since the May 4th Movement, the status of Beijing phonetics has been established and consolidated in the vernacular movement, mass movement and Putonghua movement. 1949 The newly established Beijing Central Government has decided to change the modern standard Chinese from Mandarin to Mandarin.

3. Promoting Putonghua means not speaking dialects?

As early as 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out in his report "The Task of Current Character Reform": "We promote Putonghua to eliminate the gap between dialects, not to ban and eliminate dialects. Is it necessary to ban or eliminate dialects in promoting Putonghua? Of course not. Dialect will exist for a long time. Dialects cannot be banned by administrative orders, nor can they be eliminated artificially. To promote Putonghua, we should distinguish between the old and the young, between ethnic activities and local activities, and between today and tomorrow. We cannot generalize. On the contrary, people who can only speak Mandarin should also learn some local dialects in order to penetrate into the working people in various dialect areas. " The general requirement of promoting Putonghua is to speak Putonghua in formal occasions and public communication occasions, but it does not exclude speaking dialects in informal occasions. The promotion of Putonghua, which is commonly used in the whole country, is carried out in a focused and step-by-step manner, not across the board, nor is it forbidden to speak dialects on all occasions.

4. Is Mandarin a Beijing dialect?

Some people think that Mandarin is Beijing dialect, such as "She can speak Mandarin" or "She can speak Beijing dialect", which means that Mandarin and Beijing dialect are regarded as the same thing. In fact, "Putonghua" does not mean "Beijing dialect". Hou, a crosstalk master, vividly pointed out the difference between Putonghua and Beijing dialect in his crosstalk "Putonghua and Dialect". Mandarin is the same language of Han nationality, while Beijing dialect is just one of many dialects. Putonghua was developed on the basis of Beijing dialect, and rose to a higher level after it became a national cognate. The definition of Putonghua is "Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation, northern dialect is the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular is the grammatical norm". It is generally believed that this definition is to standardize Putonghua from three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. "Taking Beijing dialect as the standard sound" in Putonghua refers to taking Beijing phonology as the standard sound, that is, the initial consonant, vowel and tone system of Beijing dialect, but excluding the local sound of Beijing dialect; At the same time, the vocabulary of Putonghua does not include some dialects in Beijing dialect.

5. When will the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Common Language and Characters come into effect?

The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language and Characters is a law formulated in accordance with the Constitution to promote the standardization and healthy development of the national common language and characters, make the national common language and characters play a better role in social life, and promote economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions. It was revised and adopted at the 18th session of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee on June 5438+1 October 3 1 day, 2000, and shall come into force on June 20061October/day. This law established the legal status of Putonghua and standardized the "national common language" of Chinese characters.

6. What is the most populous language in the world?

Chinese is the main language in China, and it is also the most spoken language in the world.

7. In what year was "The State promotes the common Putonghua in the whole country" written into the Constitution?

19 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was adopted in 1982, clearly stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua which is commonly used throughout the country." Since then, lingua franca has a clear legal status and has become the lingua franca of China.

8. How many languages and scripts are there in China now?

China is a multi-ethnic country. So far, 56 ethnic groups have been identified. Among the 55 ethnic minorities, one speaks more than one language, while others speak more than two languages. When a nation speaks several languages, most of the communication within the nation uses Chinese or other languages that can understand each other. Since 1950s, linguists in China have conducted many language surveys. According to statistics, there may be more than 80 minority languages in China. There are about 40 existing languages of all ethnic groups in China.

9. What is the Putonghua proficiency test?

Putonghua proficiency test is an oral test of candidates' proficiency and proficiency in using Putonghua. The examination form is oral examination. Putonghua level is divided into three levels and six levels, namely, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two levels: A and B; The first grade is the highest and the third grade is the lowest. Putonghua proficiency test is not an evaluation of eloquence, but a test and evaluation of the standard level of candidates' mastery and application of Putonghua, which is a standardized Chinese proficiency test for candidates. The standardization of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar shown by candidates in the process of using spoken Mandarin is an important basis for evaluating their level.

PS: Our school organizes a Putonghua proficiency test in the second half of every year. Please be prepared in advance.

Mandarin is the lingua franca of modern Han nationality and the common language of all ethnic groups in China. It is convenient for you, me and him to learn Mandarin well. Students, we are lovely China Eva, and we should love to speak Mandarin. Let the standardized language flood the campus, and let the correct words be popular around!

Shandong youth university of political science University Student News Center

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