[Emergency Avoidance and Emergency Rescue for Elevator Accidents] Emergency Plan for Elevator Accidents

This paper mainly introduces the knowledge of emergency avoidance and emergency rescue measures in case of elevator accidents and emergencies. Key words: elevator emergency avoidance and emergency rescue Recently, several elevator accidents, such as the retrograde escalator accident of Beijing Metro Line 4 and the passenger falling into the elevator shaft in a hotel in Yan 'an, made people suddenly discover that taking the elevator has become a psychological hidden danger in a city with many high-rise buildings. In recent years, due to the fiery real estate in China, high-rise buildings have sprung up everywhere, such as office buildings, residential buildings, shopping malls, supermarkets, stations, airports, hospitals and so on. And the elevator has become the equipment that we have to contact every day when we go to work and go out to do things. People began to talk about the color change of the "ladder", fearing that they would be trapped when taking the elevator, or even fall and cut themselves. In order to carry out safety warning education and popularize the knowledge of emergency avoidance and rescue, the author will introduce the accidents that may occur when taking the elevator and the emergency avoidance methods and rescue measures in an emergency.

1 trapped due to power failure or elevator failure.

1. 1 A sudden power failure in elevator operation will cause passengers to be trapped, so the trapped passengers need not panic. At this time, the emergency light of the car will light up immediately (Note: Article 8. 17.4 of GB7588-2003 Safety Code for Elevator Manufacture and Installation stipulates that the elevator should have an automatic charging emergency lighting power supply, which can supply at least 65,438 power in case of power failure in normal lighting. Normal lighting power failure, emergency lighting power supply should be automatically connected). After the emergency light in the car lights up, the trapped passengers should immediately press the alarm button in the car (figure 1) or call the internal telephone in the car to get in touch with the elevator management unit, and then wait for rescue without other operations. (Note: Some elevators are equipped with power failure emergency devices, which automatically connect after power failure. When the device is running, the battery is used as a power supply to transmit low-frequency alternating current to the motor, and the brake is energized and released. After judging the load torque, the car slowly moves to the nearest landing in the direction of low torque, and automatically opens the door to release people. )

Figure 1

1.2 sudden failure in elevator operation will also cause passengers to be trapped. Generally speaking, the emergency stop in elevator operation means that the safety device or protection program comes into play after the elevator control system detects an abnormal state, which is a safety protection state, not a dangerous state that some people think, so we must have a correct understanding.

1.3 risk assessment of self-rescue after being trapped

It is not advisable for some trapped passengers to try to save themselves by slamming the door. Risk 1: The car door (when there is no mechanical lock) is not in the flat area after being pried open in the middle of the floor, and the passengers see the shaft wall. If the distance between the car and the shaft wall facing the car entrance is greater than 0. 15 m, passengers may fall into the shaft from this distance; Risk 2: If the distance is not more than 0. 15m, it will not fall into the shaft, but there will be an emergency rescue process for the moving car, at which time the car door will be torn and there is a danger of being sheared and squeezed; Risk 3: After the car door is opened and the landing door is opened, it is found that the height of the car and the floor is very high (for example, 1.2m), and passengers may fall into the shaft from the gap between the fender of the car and the sill of the landing door after jumping. Because of the danger of knocking on the door to save themselves, trapped passengers should wait patiently for the rescue from users or maintenance units (note: TSG T500 1-2009 Rules for the Use, Management and Maintenance of Elevators stipulates that maintenance units should set up 24-hour maintenance telephones. After receiving the report that the elevator is trapped, the maintenance personnel shall arrive at the location of the elevator in time to carry out on-site rescue, and the arrival time of the municipality directly under the central government or the city divided into districts shall not exceed 30 minutes.

1.4 emergency rescue

Rescue can be carried out by the maintenance personnel of the elevator maintenance unit or the operators of the elevator using unit specially trained and holding the elevator operation certificate in the following ways:

1.4. 1 Turn off the main power switch of the elevator to prevent the elevator from starting accidentally. (Note: For elevators installed after June 5438+1 October12004, the detachable rotating handwheel is equipped with electrical safety devices. If the rotating handwheel is installed on the elevator drive host at the latest, the main power switch may not be cut off. )

1.4.2 The parking position of the car can be judged by the standard on the traction wire rope, the floor indicator or the intercom.

1.4.3 When the elevator stops within 0.5m from a flat floor, rescuers can directly open the hall door and car door with a special triangular key outside the hall door of the flat floor, and then assist passengers to evacuate the car safely.

1.4.4 When the elevator stops at a position other than the above, the car must be moved to a flat floor area in the elevator room by using a brake release wrench and a rotating handwheel. Turning steps are as follows:

(1) Inform the trapped passengers that the car is about to move through the intercom in the machine room. Please wait for the door and don't tear it. (If the door has been opened before, inform passengers to close the door manually. )

(2) Install the yellow rotating handwheel without spokes on the motor shaft tail or its design position; Install the red brake release wrench in the brake release position or its design position.

(3) Two people cooperate with each other and adopt intermittent mode. One person opens the brake with a loose brake wrench, and the other person turns the handwheel (see Figure 2). Stop running when the flat mark on the traction wire rope reaches the specified position.

Figure ii

(4) Go down to the hall door of the corresponding floor, and open the hall door and car door with the triangle key to rescue the trapped passengers.

(5) Precautions: Different brands and models of manual emergency operation devices have different use methods and rescue steps. Rescuers should refer to the accompanying documents or rescue instructions posted in the computer room to implement specific operations.

2 elevator overspeed

When you take the elevator and feel that the elevator speed exceeds the rated speed and is getting faster and faster, don't worry. The following overspeed protection devices will ensure your safety.

2. 1 Downlink overspeed protection

According to article 9.8. 1. 1 of GB7588-2003, the trolley is equipped with safety tongs that can move downwards. When the speed of the speed limiter is reached, even if the suspension device is broken, the safety tongs can clamp the guide rail to stop the car with rated load and keep it in a static state. That is to say, when the elevator we take is speeding or falling due to control failure, insufficient traction, insufficient braking force or even broken traction wire rope, the speed limiter installed in the elevator machine room will play a role. First of all, the electric switch on the speed limiter will act, the safety circuit will be disconnected and the elevator will brake. If the brake can't stop the elevator, after the speed reaches a certain value, the speed limiter will act mechanically to pull the safety clamp to the guide rail to stop the car. At this point, the only thing the trapped passengers have to do is to wait in the car after calling the police. After that, the professionals of the maintenance unit will loosen the safety clamp, restore the speed limiter and open the door to save people.

2.2 Uplink overspeed protection

Article 9. 10 of GB7588-2003 stipulates that the traction drive elevator should be equipped with an upward overspeed protection device of the car, which includes speed monitoring and deceleration components, and should be able to detect that the speed of the upward car is out of control. The lower limit is 1 15% of the rated speed of the elevator, and the upper limit is the speed specified in 9.9.3 (that is, the action of the speed limiter with heavy safety tongs). Common speed limiter-upward safety clamp, speed limiter-rope clamp, speed limiter-counterweight safety clamp and speed limiter-traction wheel brake. Taking the mechanical trigger rope clamp as an example, this paper briefly describes its working principle: after the car overspeed, the speed limiter acts mechanically to drive the braking line, and the rope clamp is linked to clamp the traction wire rope, so that the car stops or slows down to the design range of the counterweight buffer.