Analysis of practical teaching of building structure?

As a new practical teaching mode, the combination of work and study has been widely used in higher vocational education and teaching in recent years, and has achieved certain teaching effects, especially in the practical teaching project of building structure in higher vocational colleges, which has achieved the effect of combining theory with practice and the demonstration effect is more prominent. Taking the architectural structure practice course of Shaanxi Vocational and Technical College as an example, this paper analyzes the teaching status, existing problems or problems faced by this teaching mode in higher vocational colleges, and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems, with a view to providing reference for the architectural structure practice teaching activities under the mode of combining work with study in the future.

Adhering to the employment-oriented school-running policy and vigorously promoting the education and training mode of combining work with study and school-enterprise cooperation [1] are the school-running concepts and orientations that higher vocational colleges adhere to and implement today. On June 20 14, at the national conference on vocational education, the general manager made important instructions on accelerating the development of vocational education: vocational education should adhere to the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, work-study integration and integration of knowledge and practice. Shaanxi Vocational and Technical College is a key vocational college of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, and the course of architectural structure is its characteristic course. Over the years, we have always adhered to the teaching mode of combining work with study, deepened practice, constantly improved professional skills and practical service level in practice, accumulated and summarized our own unique teaching methods and means, and achieved remarkable results. However, according to the author's years of teaching experience, although some achievements have been made in the architectural structure specialty under the mode of combining work with study, there are also some problems to be solved urgently. Based on this topic, this paper gives my humble opinion. If there is anything wrong, please advise.

Present situation of practical teaching of building structure under the mode of combining work with study

1. The policy, mechanism and situation of combining work with study are good. Since the Ministry of Education's Opinions on Trial Work-study Combination in Vocational Colleges in 2006, the state and the Ministry of Education have given policy support and encouragement for many years. The document [20 16] 16 of the Ministry of Education once again reiterated and emphasized the requirements of higher vocational colleges to "vigorously promote the combination of work and study, highlight the cultivation of practical ability and reform the talent training mode". It can be seen that the combination of work and study is an imperative mode in the teaching methods of higher vocational colleges. Today, with the vigorous implementation of civil engineering, construction sites are springing up everywhere, which provides countless practical opportunities and broad practical platforms for practical teaching of building structures.

2. School-enterprise cooperation is diverse and vigorous.

In the new era and situation, whether higher vocational colleges can cultivate "marketable" high-quality skilled talents is related to the survival of the college; For enterprises, whether they can introduce suitable high-quality skilled talents determines their future development [3]. Therefore, in recent years, many large-scale construction enterprises with rich construction experience in China have put forward the requirement of continuously strengthening the study of professional theoretical knowledge of employees. However, the teachers of architectural structure specialty in higher vocational colleges have a solid theoretical level and many scientific research projects, so construction enterprises urgently need to cooperate with architectural engineering specialty in local higher vocational colleges in a multi-level and diversified way. It is reported that at present, many higher vocational colleges in Shaanxi Province have joined hands with many construction enterprises to form an interdependent and mutually beneficial organism through multi-level and diversified cooperation, which is also the premise and basic condition for cooperation between the two sides.

3. Teachers in higher vocational colleges have a wide learning platform and a sharp increase in professional knowledge reserves.

In recent years, with the needs of the construction industry and the market, a large number of teachers majoring in building structure have continuously supplemented their knowledge through various platforms and channels such as enterprise training, attachment training, part-time work, further study, self-study and re-education, and successively obtained various professional certificates such as registered architect, structural engineer, cost engineer, supervision engineer and safety engineer, which met the requirements of "double-qualified" teachers and truly achieved the goal of "double-qualified" teachers.

4. There are many opportunities for practical teaching of combining work with study.

Numerous engineering categories, construction projects and vast regions lead to uneven construction level of building projects, that is, projects are started and completed every day all over the country. The unimpeded traffic network and real-time communication technology provide countless practical opportunities for teachers and students at different times and regions, as long as they want to practice the teaching and learning of building structures. No matter at any time and any place, practical teaching and learning can be carried out at any time for different engineering categories, engineering conditions, construction stages and construction projects in different parts.

Problems existing in practice teaching of building structure under the mode of combining work with study

1. The practice of combining work with study is not paid enough attention.

The specialty of building structure should be a combination of theory and practice with high social practicality, which requires students to understand and absorb rational theoretical knowledge on the basis of perceptual social practice. At present, due to the influence of various factors, higher vocational colleges pay insufficient attention to the content of practical teaching and hold an attitude of "indifferent but not enthusiastic". From the school level, the practice links are simply arranged according to the requirements of the syllabus, and there is no corresponding evaluation and incentive mechanism; From the perspective of practical teachers, every practical teacher leads a large number of students to go out for practical teaching in the practical teaching stage. They should not only consider the personal safety of students, but also consider all the details of practical activities. In practice, they have no time to take care of students' doubts, let alone answer their academic puzzles. They are basically "herding sheep" and do things rashly. After the activity, they didn't seriously reflect and summarize.

2. The concept and thinking of combining work with study are unscientific, and the internship schedule is not suitable.

The combination of work and study requires that after learning theoretical knowledge, practical teaching should be carried out in time to achieve the effect of "striking while the iron is hot". At present, most social practice activities in higher vocational colleges are arranged in a certain week or period of the semester. It is understood that in Shaanxi higher vocational colleges, teachers usually lead students out to the construction site for 2-3 days at the end of the first semester, and teachers also lead students out to the construction site for 7 days at the end of the second semester. In the last semester before graduation, students contact the internship unit for graduation internship. Personally, this kind of practical activity arrangement is not scientific and appropriate, it does not run through theoretical teaching activities, it does not effectively apply theoretical knowledge to practical activities, it does not use practical activities to promote the strengthening and absorption of theoretical knowledge, it does not realize the effective combination of practical cognition and theoretical knowledge, and it does not achieve the purpose of promoting theoretical application ability with practical behavior [4], thus affecting the maximum play of the effect of "work-study combination".

3. Simplifying the practice form of combining work with study

Since 2006, the practice teaching mode of combining work with study in our country has gone through 10 years, but it is still in the exploration stage. Most higher vocational colleges basically take cognitive practice and production practice as the combination mode of work and study, without opening up a new practice mode, and the practice form is relatively simple, lacking innovation and avant-garde.

4. The effect of combining work with study is not obvious

According to the author's experience of taking students to participate in social practice teaching projects for many times and the statistics of the practical tasks and homework handed in by students, most of the students at present regard this practice teaching as an opportunity to relax and play by themselves, instead of really taking this practice teaching as an opportunity to understand the image of the project, sublimate perceptual knowledge or absorb and transform theoretical knowledge. They practice and complete their homework with the lazy attitude of "walking, looking, playing and painting casually", and combine work with practice teaching quality.

5. Enterprises and colleges have different enthusiasm for work-study combination education.

Although the ways of cooperation between enterprises and schools are different in the new era and new situation, it has always been manifested in the superficial forms such as signing a framework cooperation agreement, setting up an enterprise education base, and placing a plaque on an internship base in a university, which has never reached the depth of embracing and taking root. The enthusiasm and sincerity of colleges and enterprises for the practice teaching of combining work with study are inconsistent. Specifically, in line with the attitude of being responsible for students, higher vocational colleges sincerely hope that all enterprises can provide them with practice places so that students can learn advanced knowledge beyond books and apply what they have learned. However, considering the safety and cost of students' participation in practice and many other factors, enterprises are lukewarm and conservative, which leads to the phenomenon of "one end is cold and the other is hot" between enterprises and higher vocational colleges [5].

Countermeasure analysis of practical teaching of building structure under the mode of combining work with study

1. Publicize widely to improve teachers' and students' understanding of practical teaching of combining work with study.

Higher vocational colleges take it as their responsibility to survive and improve the employment rate of students. The real significance of work-study combination lies in that it is not only the objective requirement of China's economic development for higher vocational education, but also the internal demand of higher vocational colleges' own survival and development. Therefore, in order to accomplish this mission, higher vocational colleges must fundamentally break through the traditional ideological imprisonment and mindset, and need to re-recognize, understand and implement the idea of combining work with study from a new height to truly realize its important role in cultivating high-skilled talents. At the same time, all students in higher vocational colleges are required to master at least one skill when they leave school, and the practical learning of combining work with study is the most direct and effective way to learn skills. To sum up, higher vocational colleges must widely publicize the essence of work-study combination and improve teachers and students' understanding of practical teaching of work-study combination from the bottom of their hearts.

2. Improve the practice system of combining work with study and implement it.

The author believes that taking the course of building structure in higher vocational colleges as an example, higher vocational colleges must adhere to the guidance of scientific theory, take the practice of combining work with study as the carrier, rely on the construction enterprises and practice bases that have long-term cooperation with universities, re-improve the practice system and management methods, and actively establish a comprehensive and systematic practice mechanism. Specifically, first of all, we should incorporate this kind of practical activity into the curriculum system in terms of curriculum standards, clarify the teaching plan, and require simultaneous implementation and assessment with theoretical teaching; Secondly, formulate opinions and standards on the breadth and depth of work-study combination practice activities. For example, in general building structures, the understanding and cognition of wall columns or beams, slabs and ladders can reach the standard through routine understanding practice, while the internal structure of wall columns or beams, slabs and ladders or their manufacturing and molding process practice activities can only be completed through in-depth and meticulous on-site learning; Finally, establish the teaching, scientific research, practice combination and assessment system of the work-integrated learning practice instructor, such as linking the instructor's attitude, practice achievements and practice summary report with his professional title promotion or bonus and performance. In short, a series of practical teaching systems and methods of combining work with study are formulated to promote its steady progress and take root.

3. Strengthen the concept of integrating theory with practice and carry out practical activities in a timely manner.

The course of building structure in higher vocational colleges should change the traditional centralized practical education mode, change the traditional mode of "centralization" and "herding sheep" in which students go out of school to participate in the practical teaching of work-study combination at some time in the semester, and actively carry out colorful practical education activities of work-study combination. For example, after concentrating on learning a certain knowledge point of architectural theory, carrying out colorful and diverse practical activities in time can not only eliminate students' boring feeling of learning theoretical knowledge, but also stimulate students' enthusiasm and participation in the practice of combining work with study, thus improving teaching quality and students' comprehensive ability and maximizing the teaching effect of combining work with study.

4. Excavate and develop the potential of colleges and universities, and integrate and establish their own educational resources.

As the saying goes, "strike while the iron is hot." Higher vocational colleges focus on cultivating high-quality professional skills talents. Without an excellent hardware platform, how to cultivate all-round talents? Then, this requires higher vocational colleges to fully tap and give full play to their own potential, integrate and establish their own educational resources, actively create and build various practical education and teaching places such as practice, training bases and campus factories, and provide hardware facilities for practical teaching of work-integrated learning. Taking the course of building structure as an example, we can set up a number of practice bases, such as production base, processing base, factory, measurement training room, safety training room, concrete training room, safety evaluation platform, simulation laboratory, etc., with a general scale, which can meet the needs of daily education and teaching. At the same time, we can actively hold various practical competitions, such as measuring, reading and drawing competitions, so as to give full play to the campus's own potential and make use of campus practical education resources to improve students' practical ability.

5. Carry out various practical teaching projects to broaden students' participation in practice.

With the progress of the times and the change of education and teaching structure mode, the practical activities of work-study combination in higher vocational colleges can no longer simply stay at the level of understanding practice and production practice, but should actively update concepts and change modes to meet the needs of curriculum setting and teaching mode with colorful practical activities. This is especially true for the practical teaching activities of building structure course. We should actively carry out various forms of practical activities such as cognitive practice, production practice, visit and inspection, practical inspection, internship and exchange exercise, which will not only eliminate students' boredom in learning theoretical knowledge, but also stimulate their enthusiasm and participation in the practice of combining work with study, thus improving teaching quality and students' comprehensive ability.

6. Mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate and strive for a broader practice platform.

The relevant state departments clearly require that enterprises' deep participation in the teaching process is one of the indispensable elements to ensure the characteristics and quality of higher vocational education. Without the strong support of industries and enterprises, the teaching mode of combining work with study in higher vocational colleges will become a tree without roots and passive water [6]. In view of the phenomenon that enterprises and higher vocational colleges are "cold at one end and hot at the other", the national government and functional departments should promptly introduce relevant incentive policies and incentive mechanisms to encourage and support large and medium-sized enterprises to participate in talent training in higher vocational colleges, so that enterprises can get tangible benefits from them, which will promote the enthusiasm of enterprises, fully tap their educational resources and win a broader platform for work-study combination education in higher vocational colleges.

7. Establish a practical assessment mechanism for higher vocational students.

Establish a necessary and standardized evaluation index system, organically combine rigid requirements with flexible evaluation, and make practical activities have rules to follow, degrees to follow and contents to test, so as to ensure the realization of expected students' practical activities [7], thus evaluating students' practical teaching activities in a targeted manner. Conclusion To sum up, the practical teaching of the combination of building structure and work in higher vocational colleges is an important mode in the construction of this major and a huge systematic project. Although some achievements have been made, it cannot be achieved overnight. What is urgently needed is to systematically improve the corresponding system and reform its traditional practice mode, which requires the joint efforts of the state, relevant departments, industrial enterprises and higher vocational colleges. The success or failure of the reform of the practice mode of combining work with study in higher vocational colleges is directly related to whether China's higher vocational colleges can survive in the fierce competition in the future, whether the students trained in higher vocational colleges can face the future and adapt to the needs of social development, and also to the technical level of employees in the field of construction engineering in China in the future. It is hoped that through this paper, the practitioners of the course of building structure in higher vocational colleges will be awakened, the practical teaching activities of building structure specialty under the mode of combining work with study will be reconsidered, and new modes and methods of combining work with study will be actively explored, so as to cultivate more and better high-skilled applied talents for the country and society.

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