How to transplant artificial embryos?

If you have excellent varieties, how to multiply them in a short time and promote them quickly. This is one of the long-term problems in animal husbandry. For example, a cow only gives birth to one baby a year and gets a calf. The breeding and popularization of such an excellent variety will not achieve great results for decades. 10 years, due to the rapid development and application of biotechnology, embryo transfer technology has been formed to solve this problem.

The so-called embryo transfer is what people call "artificial conception" or "carrying a baby through the abdomen". This is a kind of bioengineering, which was originally applied to raising livestock.

The application principle and process of breeding stock embryo transfer are very ingenious. If cows only lay 1 egg at a time in the natural state, the application of superovulation technology can make cows lay more eggs. This is the injection of gonadotropin as ovulation agent on the 9th-14th day of estrus cycle in dairy cows. Then inject lutein 2-3 days later. Two days later, cows will enter estrus and superovulate. It turns out that the ovary can only expel 1 mature cells, and can expel 10 mature eggs or even more than 40 mature eggs at a time. At this time, select excellent bull semen, or use improved varieties of frozen semen for artificial insemination. On the 6th-8th day after estrus of the cows waiting for artificial insemination, the embryos were taken out from their uterus, placed in an environment of 37 degrees Celsius, and transferred within 10 hour, that is, sent to the uterus of the adoptive mother.

Embryos can also be preserved at low temperature or transported to other parts of the world for embryo transfer. You can also temporarily store the embryo in the fallopian tube of the rabbit and let it continue to develop for 2-4 days so that it can be transported to a distant place for transplantation. If the embryo is not ready for transplantation, it can be frozen at-196 degrees Celsius. After transplantation, it can still develop normally after thawing. However, the frozen embryos of13 will be damaged.

The application of embryo transfer technology in animal husbandry production can save genetically excellent female animals from pregnancy and lactation, turn them into living bodies that supply excellent embryos, thus accelerating the reproduction of excellent individuals and greatly improving the productivity of animal husbandry. On the one hand, it has achieved amazing performance in American animal husbandry. According to statistics, in 1983, milk in the United States was supplied by 1 1 10,000 cows, whereas in the past it needed 28 million cows. At present, 60-70% of dairy cows in the United States are bred by frozen sperm and artificial insemination. This will reduce the male parent of the whole dairy herd to less than 65,438+000 purebred bulls. In recent years, the United States has further adopted embryo transfer technology, which will reduce the number of national improved dairy cows to about 65,438+000.

Due to the improvement of the annual litter rate of female livestock and the easy transportation of embryos, the commercialization of improved seed reproduction has been promoted. It is also reported that the American animal husbandry biotechnology industry has developed very rapidly. Granada is a large company engaged in the division and transplantation of fertilized eggs in cattle, which has developed into a $654.38 billion enterprise and started various businesses such as embryo transfer of horses and shrimps. Headed by this company, there are about 200 enterprises in the United States engaged in this business, producing improved beef cattle and cows, and the technical competition is very active.